Bunker cities – Documentaire sur les nouvelles résidences-forteresses dans le monde – HD -PL

Un peu partout sur la planète, des populations aisées se retranchent dans des résidences sécurisées cernées de hauts grillages ou même de barbelés.
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A Rio de Janeiro le phénomène s’étend désormais à la nouvelle classe moyenne, qui a vu ses revenus décoller et se réfugie à son tour dans des condominios, sortes de villages privés gardés par une police armée, et équipés de magasins, de bars, de piscines et de salons de beauté. A Toulouse, des dizaines de résidences fermées sont sorties de terre à deux pas du Mirail, un quartier déserté par la police. De son côté, la ville de Bagdad est ceinturée par des kilomètres de murs en béton depuis la décision américaine de séparer les communautés religieuses pour lutter contre le terrorisme.

00:00 Intro
03:15 Résidence sécurisée de Toulouse
11:16 Rio et ses favelas
24:38 Les murs de Bagdad
34:35 Les condominios de Rio
40:35 La question de la police et de la sécurité au Mirail
48:18 Le renouveau de Rocinha ?

Bunker Cities
Un film de Paul Moreira
Une production Premières Lignes
©2012

Hello ? Why are you filming? It’s for a report for French TV on closed residences and favelas in Rio. Houla for that, you have to come during business hours and talk to the administration. Yes, but the sidewalk where I am located is public, right? No, the sidewalk belongs to us.

You can only film from the other side. What if tomorrow, the wealthiest among us retreat into private villages behind secure enclosures. We all know each other. Now we are at peace, we can leave the door open. No one can come in, there’s no problem. We’re not afraid of anything.

Almost everywhere on the planet, this new way of life is emerging. I deeply believe that we have created gilded cages. The walls form a precarious shield against the threat of the poor. You know, these walls are a false security. There are 400,000 of them, we are 10,000.

If they go down, nothing will stop them. Never far from overprotected areas, abandoned neighborhoods extend. One does not exist without the other. Walls are a symptom of conflict where sometimes they become weapons. In the new urban wars. An ersatz peace made of reinforced concrete. Every morning, a wall in front of you.

How would you feel? Tell me. Political wall, religious wall, but above all social walls. Walls avoid having to repair injustices. The less the State is committed to the common good. And the more the walls grow, the more ghettos form and the police become privatized. As soon as power is absent from somewhere.

As nature abhors a vacuum, a power of substitution is very quickly created which can be very different depending on the neighborhood, depending on the circumstances. We don’t ride scooters here! This is not good. The militia treaty no. unarmed militias. The 21st century will be the century of walls. The future has already begun.

Toulouse, Mirail district. 35,000 people live here. Outside, the neighborhood is seen as an explosive ghetto. The Mirail is especially ravaged by unemployment and boredom. Annoyance that every evening, young people deceive by revving their engines. We are in public space. Only a neighborhood association is trying to bring back a semblance of order.

The mediators, guys from the city who have the ear of young people. But avoid staying below buildings. Bring it in now because look what time it is, people are sleeping. How far do you go like that? When the mediators tell us to go home. Ah well, we tell you to come home.

It can happen that there are residents who call the police saying I can’t take it anymore. With the noise? It’s not that it can happen, it’s that it happens often. They call the police, of course, we are aware of that because they call the police.

As soon as they see that the police do not intervene. What are they doing ? They are coming after us. But no, we intervene of course. As you saw there, they are in public space. We can talk with them,

Tell them to put the bike away, then if they listen to us, so much the better. But the police never intervene. They intervene. But afterwards, they will play cat and mouse. In this large complex, security is now self-managed by the residents themselves. We’re not bothering you, are you okay? It’s calm.

I’ve never been afraid, eh. She’s been there since 75. Sometimes I came in, I went out. Around 4 or 5 a.m. I came home and never had a problem. You find that the police for example. They come here often, they come when called.

Well, I don’t know about the police, I can’t tell you. and I don’t think it’s any worse if they come. The man who created the mediators is Zoubir Sardi. He was born here, he grew up here and he saw the neighborhood change little by little. he just got his license too.

For a while, I took care of him. I saw the mix that was here in the neighborhood. They were Europeans with different identities. You didn’t even close the door. I saw my parents hanging out with neighbors who were of different identities. And little by little, I saw people leaving.

But we were lucky enough to experience this diversity. But these young people don’t know her. You have to be honest, it’s scary. there was a lot of noise. I saw cars burned. Unfortunately, the police didn’t want to come because they were being beaten.

Do you have the impression that the neighborhood has suddenly been left to its own devices? It’s a bit like that. We’re going to turn that way! Paulette is one of those middle-class residents who have deserted public housing neighborhoods. This is the last one

Of the buildings, you see, there, I was there, I was there, exactly on the sixth floor. And do you come back here sometimes? No, no, because I can’t go back to it anymore. I never come there. Why can’t you come back to it anymore? I do not feel good. Where I live

There are only two floors, there is a fifteen-story building. It’s a chicken cage, I’m sorry. Paulette moved nearby, to a secure residence. Toulouse is the city in France with the most. Since then, she has found serenity. We all know each other, now we’re at peace.

We can leave the door open, no one can enter. there is no problem. We’re not afraid of anything. Gated communities are not necessarily ghettos of the rich. Paulette works in administration. It’s pretty all the same, it’s a building frankly. She has a modest salary and a 45 square meter apartment

Like everyone else who lives here. With her neighbors, Paulette recreated the conviviality of working-class neighborhoods. Please help yourself. What are you going to do next weekend ? SO ? I don’t think I have anything planned. We’ll have a little meal, which is kind of normal. I have almost everyone’s keys

In duplicate, I’m the one who holds the keys. If there’s a problem because I have neighbors who are a little airheaded, you never know. This residence is friendly. It’s very nice to be. We are not far from the city while being a little in the countryside. Look, it’s calm.

In shorts, we walk around. Swimming pool, it’s the holiday village. Club Med every day. But here the rules are strict. Christine, Paulette’s friend, even finds that the internal regulations are a little abusive. There are follow-up actions so that there are signs,

So that people are made aware, so that it remains a fairly silent harmony. Normally now, I find that sometimes it was a little hard, yes, asking children not to shout outside, etc. But a child must shout, he shouts. I hear a child laughing. This does not mean that it is a noise nuisance.

So there you have it, I’m a little more moderate. It may not be, but it’s a bit too much I think. It’s not the children I’m talking about, it’s the adults, some adults who don’t respect you have to be honest, that’s all.

Yes, because we had, we had a person here who was not very good who made many, many mistakes. He made a noise once or twice. Oh no, no, it’s noise that I couldn’t sleep. This was seen by my neighbor next to the camera.

And yes, in this little paradise, you must avoid making noise if you do not want to be identified by surveillance devices. There is urban segregation in this country. Some have more recently proposed the term fragmentation to describe this new city made up of pieces which have less and less connection between them.

What is the definition of the end of a society? which is quite perhaps yes, the definition of the end of a society or indeed a multi-speed society, it is a society of clubs where public goods are considered as clubs. If you can afford entry to the club, you will benefit from these goods.

If you don’t have the means, you wouldn’t have them. Rio de Janeiro Brazil is taking off, but the country remains split in two. The middle classes took refuge in surrounded neighborhoods, the condominios. Brazil apes America and its gated communities, fenced villages. right next to the condominiums lie the largest slums in the world.

Two nations, that of the poor and that of the rich, who live on both sides of the ramparts. Thany and his mother have always lived in condominiums. They came up with the idea of ​​condominiums to be able to lock people in at home, but with leisure.

There is a bar where you can meet your friends. The idea is for us to be close to each other without needing to go out and run. The risk of being attacked. Because the street is perceived as dangerous? Yes, especially at night.

We must not remain at the mercy of others in the street. Unfortunately, this is our reality. So they found a way to mix safety and leisure. It’s like we’re in the street. In fact, there is a generation growing up in their condos and they will never really know what Brazil is. It’s true

, I deeply believe that we have created gilded cages. We are prisoners of luxury But I would like my children and the luck I had. I grew up in the residences, but I had the chance to play in the street. Today, when I go back

To the places of my childhood, I tell myself that it is no longer possible. You have to accept being a little more of a prisoner. Right next to the condos. The favelas, Brazil, workers and cleaning women. There are also armed young people who make a living from drug trafficking.

They are a sort of parallel authority in these abandoned areas. Shaolin led the favela residents’ association for a long time. For him, segregation is the worst form of violence. Beyond the very real wall that separates us. There is the invisible social wall and it is the most painful.

The upper classes in these buildings. And we classless in our barracks. So close to each other. The city must be integrated, otherwise there will be chaos. 300 meters further down, on San Conrado beach, are the most expensive real estate complexes in the city. This is where Augusto lives,

With a view of the favela. It’s not just thugs up there. There are much better people than most of those down here. Much more honest people. One day, Augusto witnessed a shooting from his window. A scene that a neighbor filmed on his cell phone. There was a problem not long ago

Between guys from the Vidigal favela and people from Rocinha. The military police arrived and there was general shooting. In the confusion They climbed the gates, they went through there, they came out this way, that’s all. They didn’t hurt anyone. They crossed and came out. You know, these walls are a false security.

There are 400,000 of them, there are 10,000 of us. If they go down, nothing will stop them. That’s false security. On the other side of the gates. The government has decided to regain control over the favelas. In November 2010, the Army and its armored vehicles were called in as reinforcements.

Four days of combat against traffickers in the northern zone. Eventually, the traffickers will flee and government troops plant the national flag at the top of the favela, symbol of the victory of one nation over another. Today, Captain Filipe Barretto and his men patrol the neighborhood to prevent the gangs from returning.

I don’t know any city like Rio, this proximity of the rich and the very poor. Glued practically wall to wall. This social shock has a very negative impact. You see over there, where the car is, the police no longer entered it.

At 20 meters, as soon as there was a police officer, they fired. It was the border. Yes, that’s the border. And the other public services, were they able to return? I don’t know about firefighters, postmen, doctors? They entered with the permission of the traffickers, only with their permission.

So it was actually a parallel government? Yes, the media also talked about parallel power. There are fewer of them, right? Oh yes really. They keep falling. They fled, right? Yes, many have been arrested. There are others who hid in Rocinha. Rocinha, Since the government offensive, this is where the traffickers have been hiding.

Today, they are running away from the cameras, like this man who hides the two pistols they carry in their belts as they pass by us. The traffickers tolerated us on their territory on the condition that we were not filmed. Turn off your camera. A former figure

In the drug world still agreed to meet us. Today, Régis picked up. He started a family, he found a job and he tries to live with dignity. This is my daughter and my neighbor’s daughter. They live in a room of three with a view of the neighbor’s wall.

That’s it, this is where I live. In this matchbox. Like most drug dealers, Régis was also a drug addict. For ten years I took a lot of drugs. From 15 to 26 years old. I went to the bottom of the hole. I was never at peace. Drugs, drugs, lots of cocaine.

I lost all my friends, traffickers, thieves. I lived in there. They call me the last of the Mohicans. For what ? Because everyone is gone. They are all dead. For many young people from the favelas, becoming a traffic soldier remains the simplest career choice.

With the intoxicating feeling that the street belongs to them. In these extremely rare amateur images, we see a party of Alemão traffickers in the middle of the neighborhood. Despite their weapons and arrogance, very few of them will see thirty. They will be killed by the police or opposing gangs.

People looked at me with a different look. They turned their heads when he saw me, but on the same cheek. My own mother no longer trusted me. But thank God, I got through it. You understand I have my daughter, my wife, my house, my job. But it’s a struggle, isn’t it?

Yes it is a struggle. I want to have a bigger house. But the most important thing is to have managed to give up the world of drugs. The question of favelas is the question of the abandonment of multiple governments. It was a series of government omissions

That allowed us to get to this point. After militarily storming the neighborhood, the police try to do some social work. A community police unit has been established in the heart of the favela. In fact, we are getting there, we are establishing ourselves. We try to understand people’s needs

And take back spaces that have been abandoned for too long. By the state ? Yes by the State, by society in general. Captain Barretto’s men established a forward base at the top of the favela, a military position with a bird’s eye view of the condominios.

Here we are in Baghdad, the city of thousands of walls. After eight years of war, a fragile peace has settled behind these concrete ramparts. They crisscross the entire city over several hundred kilometers. They require endless detours. Abou Hazem is a taxi driver

In the Dora district, which was in the hands of insurgents in 2007. Do you take this path every day? Yes, yes, every day. I have to go around the wall, go to the end of the highway and then come back afterwards. It’s like a big prison and it’s bad for morale.

Didn’t this wall also bring you security? Work. Yes. In fact, the wall brought security because before no one could pass here. It was too dangerous. Between 2003 and 2007, Iraq was ravaged by a civil war of incredible violence. American soldiers are constantly harassed. Some neighborhoods are completely controlled by the insurgency.

Then the Shiite militias start killing each other with the Sunnis. According to the scientific journal The Lancet. During this period 600,000 Iraqi civilians died. It was then that the American army had an idea to build walls around the most violent neighborhoods, contain the insurgency and separate the Shiites and Sunnis.

But the spokesperson for the American army tells journalists that it is in the process of building secure residences, a bit like those for retirees in California. Walls are being built all around various areas of the city. You have surely heard of the concept of secure residence. Excuse me, but a secure residence.

To me, it reminds me more of a luxurious environment in Florida. That’s not quite it. The function of secure residences is to protect the population of certain neighborhoods of Baghdad. There are many who hate them and think it will further divide the city along religious lines. This is not our intention.

We want less dangerous neighborhoods. Here, we find areas where we see that it helps us better control the population. So we’ll build even more. Each district is surrounded by a wall. We live like on a reserve. We’re stuck. The wall was originally the idea of ​​the Americans. These were American vehicles and equipment.

They are the ones who built it. This divide between Sunnis and Shiites did not exist before the arrival of the Americans. Sunnis, Shiites, Christians and Jews. For us, it was above all Iraqis. But now, when an American talks to you, the first question is always are you Sunni or Shiite? Abou Hazem’s children

Go to Dora’s school, inside the neighborhood compound. So who is in favor of removing the wall? Hands up. Nobody wants to keep it. And how you see the future in our Dora neighborhood. I want security. No more walls and no more garden. I want sports clubs,

A better education system, fewer walls and more schools. Being able to go to the hospital without problem. Let them free the streets from the walls so that we can reach the stadium. Tell me what you feel when you see these walls. We’re surrounded! We are in prison.

I try to reassure them about their future. We often talk about the future, their vision and we all hope that things will work out in the end. Life is not static, that’s what I tell them. She evolves. The inhabitants who live closest to the walls are at the end of their nerves.

Look, it’s a prison. To go to the market, you have to take a taxi to go there and a taxi to go back. While the market is just a few steps behind the wall. During school, it’s worse, the kids are in the mud. Ok they want to block the terrorists,

But they remove two or three pieces of wall to make our lives easier. It takes our minds from morning to evening. We only see this wall. Here, we all know each other. We come from all faiths. We don’t need this stuff. Look at my legs, I’m sick,

I don’t have a car to get to the hospital. Tell me how I do it. It hits our morale. Put yourself in our shoes, every morning. A wall in front of you. How would you feel? Tell me. In February 2011, Iraqi demonstrators will participate in the Arab Spring. They denounce a walled-in existence.

Baghdad will experience scenes like the one we saw in Berlin in 1989, when young Germans tore down sections of the great Cold War wall. In the weeks following this demonstration, the government will embark on a major communications operation. The Ministry of the Interior filled two buses with journalists

And we set off towards the former insurgent and walled neighborhoods. Hello Sir ! Will this help you? That we remove pieces of the wall? Yes, sir, he has harmed us. It gave you security, didn’t it? At first, yes. But today there is nothing left. So what do you want?

Shall we leave the wall for you or shall we remove it? Take it off please! And where do I put it then? Where you want ! With a certain candor, the police chief tells the Iraqi journalist that he organized this operation for our cameras. I’m not hiding the truth from you,

There is a foreign television that has been there for a week. French television. And as you know, the international media never talks about our progress. So, exceptionally, we decided to let them film to show our efforts. The next day, we returned to the neighborhood to see if the work had continued.

Surprise, the crane has disappeared. All that remains are increasingly angry residents. They never tell the truth. they promised us that in a week, there would be no more wall. But nothing has changed. They tell you it’s for today. And then they come back two years later. They erected

This wall as a boundary between me and my neighbors. Let them remove it and put it between us and Saudi Arabia and organize police patrols instead of this wall. In our new world, the differences between security, military and civilian technologies are blurring. What the army invents to protect its bases.

Gated residences recycle it for the benefit of individuals and a certain idea of ​​the city. And so there you have it, when the barrier drops, the peaks rise. If a vehicle wants to force its way, it punctures its tires. There you have a digital zoom, but you still film the entire area.

You never lose control. You can track a specific person or automobile that has entered your residence. You pass a magnetic card in front of the reader. This transmits the data to an access controller. You can choose who you let into your home and who can leave.

Our software can be downloaded to a smartphone. For example, if someone enters your secure residence through the north entrance, the guard will receive the video file on their cell phone. There is a fusion of military and civilian equipment in the field of security. Nowadays. For private homes,

It is a lighter version of the equipment used by the army and the border police. In Rio, Shirley wants to buy an apartment in this condominio with even more luxurious services than theirs. But they are further from the center of the city. So his daughter Thany doesn’t really want to move.

This is the beauty salon. In the end, I have to think about it anyway, it’s not bad. Sauna, a hot swimming pool Watch a bowling alley but it’s like we’re in a bubble outside the world. . Judo all that. Jujitsu. All of this is included in the condominium fees.

And how much are the charges, mom? Around €900. And for that we have everything? There’s even free yoga. Finally, free. Anyway, it’s an illusion to think that we’ll be able to take advantage of all these tricks. I leave the university in the morning at 6 a.m. and come back at 9 p.m.

I don’t have time. That’s why it’s empty. No, no, I don’t regret it. My life today is better. The place is interesting to me, but it’s the story of the golden cage again. Even if the people we see are not rich, at least not ostentatious rich people. They are normal people.

Régis passes the condominiums every day on his way to work. They live a few dozen meters away, but he never came home. Do you have any friends there? Very little. To tell the truth, no matter how much I think, I see nothing. No I don’t know anyone.

But you know, just because there’s a wall doesn’t mean I want to jump over it. It doesn’t warm me up. I don’t have the curiosity to know what it’s like in there. I know people who live there, in fact, yes, my boss for example, I’ve never been to his house,

But I see what it’s like. Inside the condominium security spotted our camera. Hello, Regarding filming You must ask permission from the common areas administration No problem. Only with permission can you work. White shirt, yellow tie. Security is very courteous, but nothing escapes them. It’s a maze here.

You go in one way, you come out the other. Well, at least there’s an exit. Régis says no. Passing by a beautiful house every day makes him want it. So he sometimes dreams of winning the lottery. cFor sure, I will buy a great house. A mansion even. With a football field,

A swimming pool and a barbecue. And security? I don’t know if I would wear it. Maybe just a camera and a pit bull. Compared to the favelas of Rio. The Mirail district is a very quiet little corner. We don’t ride scooters here. It’s not pretty. There are people who live there.

It’s not good for the children. However, here, public authorities seem to have abandoned the idea of ​​enforcing the laws. Okay, are you okay or what? How many is that? 50 cm3 250! We love death, we love. You’re not going to stay there long? No, no, I won’t go there. When his neighborhood

Became dangerous for firefighters and postal workers, Zoubir convinced the Logeurs les HLM organization to finance a local team capable of calming down the rowdiest people. The mediators are local guys. He locks himself away but always has a kind word and above all a place open

Until midnight for all the kids who hang out below the bars. They succeeded where the police failed. However, Toulouse had been a pilot city in community policing. It was a life’s work. For Jean-Pierre Havrin. Today, he no longer works for the national police.

He is a security advisor to the socialist mayor of Toulouse and dreams of sending islanders into the population again, as before. These images are barely ten years old, but they are already historic and almost unusual. Good-natured police officers, in shirts in the heart of the Mirail.

A police force that is cut off from the population never works. A police force that is linked to the population is the only guarantee that it can work. I think that the community policing that I knew was appreciated by the population at one point, even the police

Called young people by their first name, telling them this is what you can. For example, instead of giving a ticket directly, they say you can move your car. It would be nice. And sometimes they talk with the young people and the young people

Would shake their hands whereas today you shake the hand of a police officer and you are called a snitch, an informant. It was Nicolas Sarkozy who put an end to community policing while he was Minister of the Interior. In 2003.

He summons Havrin and his men in front of the cameras to tell them that he is unhappy with their results. You are not social workers. The primary mission of the police? Investigation, arrest, fight against delinquency. When I look at the figures for 2001-2002 , it gives me headaches. But in 2001. Humanely

Humiliating police officers in front of live TV never happened. It was the first time for the guys who were there, for the police officers, with what they had done for four years. Telling them that was shameful, it was truly a betrayal. They experienced it as a betrayal. Within

Three years following the end of community policing. Violence against people increased by 48% in Mirail and in 2005, the neighborhood was ravaged by urban riots, like most French suburbs. From now on, to intervene in the Mirail, the police will wear armor. The place is getting difficult. And not just for the police.

We have liberal nurses who came less and less since the firefighters, the Samu, did not come back. It was something that was somewhat abandoned because they were afraid of being ambushed by young people. Not to mention the police. Because for them, it is the State. Do people no longer support the state?

They no longer have confidence in the State. In seven days of presence in the neighborhood, we will only be able to film this police car passing in the distance. After initially allowing us to meet them, the Toulouse police officers withdrew, embarrassed by their lack of resources. Over the past three years, police numbers

Have fallen by 11,000 officials. We cannot, on the one hand, prioritize security, our priority, and reduce police numbers. Obviously, there was an explosion, cars burned, attacks on people and the disappearance of police officers from the field, particularly in difficult areas. So, as soon as power is absent from somewhere, the police in particular.

It is true that since nature abhors a vacuum, a power of substitution is very quickly created which can be very different depending on the neighborhood, depending on the circumstances. I was summoned directly, to the police chief, let’s say. He said to me so what is that? Is it a militia?

Everybody talks about it. They felt it as a threat. It was annoying. Calling him a militia no A militia without weapons. So it’s a bit like a militia for us. Call us the unarmed militia. Our weapon is really the word and that’s it.

We tell them, in view of the nuisance, not to make too much noise. And then leave, take bottles, leave. So as not to leave the bottles lying around here. Once a bottle like that is broken, it can do a lot of damage. Frankly, that’s what they do.

The difference is that when a police officer comes to check us, he doesn’t smile. He’s a little tense. I don’t know if he lives in the countryside, he comes here. But it goes better when it’s people who grew up here, who know a little, who know who is who, who does what

And who try to put it all together. And that’s what we’re here for, we’re staying with them. There you go, they know how to sort it all out properly. We are preparing the ground to ensure that private security companies themselves move forward and take on missions on public roads, for example.

And this would be a terrible drift because it would further widen the difference between those who have the means and those who do not have the means. This means that security would be two-tiered. We will inevitably have more and more security for the rich, security for the poor. To put it simply.

Return to Rocinha’s favor. Today, it is the mayor of Rio himself who is coming to inaugurate a brand new health center. Drug trafficking soldiers are invisible. The town mayor came without an escort. We are going to urbanize all the favelas in this city until 2020.

All of them. The story of Rocinha will change. Peace will come and I say it loudly here. Yes, peace. The governor will take care of it. People have the right to live and they have the right to live in good health. Here is the plate. Come on, clap a little. For Lula’s Brazil.

Fighting crime means above all investing in public services. The people here know it. And the marginalized know it too. Their party is almost over. At the same time, health and education policies are needed. We need more nurseries, we need to build buildings, we need to change town planning.

This is what changes people’s lives. But for the most radical, it will take a little more than public money to tear down the walls that separate rich and poor. Itamar Silva has lived in a favela since his birth. He is a respected intellectual and above all an angry man

Who directly opposes the mayor. The investment we see today in the favelas is very recent. We see favelas as dangerous places, places that must be monitored because we risk becoming bandits. I say all this is false because if it were true, we would have had the revolution a long time ago.

However, unfortunately, we have not yet done so. So we should. Tonight is the party at Rocinha. We inaugurate the opening of a street. The government has razed slums and rebuilt a sort of avenue whose buildings respect the acrobatic and colorful architecture of the favelas. A good reason to party.

The traffic troopers put away their weapons. There remains the samba. In the background, we can see the condominiums on which evening falls safely. Wouldn’t you be better off in a condominium? Look, I’ve been here 50 years. I’m not leaving here. This place is wonderful. No, but wouldn’t you be safer?

Security is very good here. Anyone can come, they are welcome. There is no problem. And you, wouldn’t you like to live in a condominio? No, here, I was born here, I grew up and here I live quad. I’ve been here for 53 years. This is my past, my present, my future.

This is my culture. Carnival, my people. Here is life.