Science Charting a New Path to Enterprise Transformation
Now I’d like to give the floor to the moderator Mr n Okay uh good afternoon uh ladies and gentlemen welcome to this uh Roundtable discussion on uh the world laurat Association uh on in Shanghai so we are so honored today uh to have all the guest from uh all over the world I guess it’s must be the very very one of the
Very highest uh uh level of talents and brightest mind uh to attend uh this meeting so we got a four or five uh Nobel lawers and other lawers of other uh award so we are so honored and uh I hope we we will not waste our time and to have them speak
And on on discussion on the issues urgently uh facing us today so it’s must be very right time today to discuss uh science research technology and many things are changing our life every day today so I will start with uh our my co-chair Mr Sergeant uh who is uh also uh Lael
Law uh in economics so to make his opening speech Mr Sergeant please okay so I okay so I’m I’m here to listen um but just here’s a here’s a reflection um so entrepreneurship is uh how’s it how’s it related to science um well like there’s a famous economist Joseph shumer who who uh was a student of the in uh Industrial Revolution you know in which
Uh in which a remarkable event because like basic basically you do a calculation per capita GDP um from uh 2000 BC until about 1750 is about the same there’s there’s there’s actually no growth I mean malus had it right and then um and then and then suddenly the industrial revolution occurred and um
Now one country after another there’s been there’s been growth and and kind of why so um well entrepreneurs and uh had a had a big role in that according to ENT the link between entrepreneurs and science um was something that Fascinate shumer and if you try to figure out what an entrepreneur does
Um it’s uh it’s not taking risks it’s it with well understood probability distributions it’s it’s dis inventing new things uh things that nobody ever thought about um there’s there surprises there there are things you can’t predict so um so um you know entrepreneurs are are uh are involved in the same thing that
Scientists are um in some in some sense so I just conclude with one thing uh in 1900 they asked um one of the one of the greatest physicists at the time mathematicians P carare was asked uh to predict uh what the biggest scientific inventions would be in the 20th
Century and and what he said was uh I have no idea um because the very nature of inventions is there surprises and if you go to look what uh touring and Shannon talked about there in information Theory their whole their whole uh concept of information was related to a it’s a surprise it’s
Something you can’t predict well um it’s kind of it’s it’s something that I don’t think we were talk Michael and I were talking about chat gdpt it’s something that uh chat gbt can’t do that it can it can uh can do some things find patterns but the creative thing that an
That both a scientist does and a entrepreneur um that that’s always a surprise so um um I’m I’m eager to hear what uh what entrepreneurs here um as well as scientists um how they do their work [Applause] than thank you thank you Professor sjin uh you you well said on entrepreneur and
Science uh together uh things uh uh we we used to think uh GDP is uh by investing or building things now we understand more GDP growth is very much uh about science and research too so thank you Mr Sergeant so next I think we will uh got this uh self
Introduction uh to open uh this discussion uh let the people understand or know each other the field the area you you’re interested so I don’t know I I I will start from uh from from from kind of start from you instuction but yourself you I don’t think you but I
Don’t think anybody need that to do that but for for the sake of of of convenience or discussion okay maybe you want to one one one one minute introduction okay my name is Tom Sergeant I’m a I’m an economist I try to uh I build uh
I Ed some of the tools for which they gave the I’m a I’m a user some of the tools of that they gave the Math Prize today the computer science convex optimization I I uh try to build uh understand Dynamic processes uh you know people who are making
Decisions um uh when they uh they confront risk and uncertainty I use some of these techniques called robust control they were they were mentioned and I study things like uh what what lead what leads to inflation and unemployment globalization things like that so you know everything yeah risk and certain right risk and
Uncertain yeah very important Mr L hi everybody I’m I’m Michael l I’m a computational biologist at Stanford University but I’m really a computer geek um I love everything Computing I’ve Loved Computing since I was uh 16 years old and that’s 70 years ago 60 years ago
It feels like 70 years ago and uh you know I uh really really enjoy the way the world has changed uh I am very very interested in the whole subject of Entrepreneurship because I think there’s one thing in common with the best science and Entrepreneurship that there’s a lot of
Uncertainty a lot of risk and often you do not know have any idea of where the next B will come and I think this is true in in science it’s true in entrepreneurship and I think they both relate very much to sort of human creativity and the ability and
Preparedness to take chances so I’m very happy to be on this panel thank you uh can you can you let the audience uh in a very simple word to know how why you won the Nobel okay so I I chemical chemical things so I won the Nobel priz was something that I
Did more than 50 years ago and it was for building computer models for the large biological molecules like proteins and nuclear acids that make life possible and this was something that I did in my early 20s um I was very lucky to be in the right place at the right
The right time um and these models have become more and more important just with the natural growth of computer power so um and proteins I mean life is so amazing that if you met a science fiction story and you told people how life worked no one would believe it can you say without
Your research we will not have uh tgbt today I don’t think that’s true I think we would not have a lot of biotechnology but I again you know every person can be replaced by somebody else and if I hadn’t discovered it someone else would
Have um but uh I must say that my real passion in the last year year is large language models and and GPT and I tell people that I’m now three times more more efficient at working and 25% smarter just as a result of using the large language models it’s something
Which I’m using it all the time so it’s it’s an amazing thing and I think it’s a it’s something which hopefully everyone will have at their fingertips in the next few years it’s it’s changing the whole world very good very good okay Mr hi everyone uh my name is y I’m a
Professor of chemical engineering my first degree was a suop physics so from physics to well not physics physical Su physics to chemical engineering uh my area has been on uh energy area particularly on energy conversion and storage uh I did invented a few Technologies uh which have been commercialized so a little bit
Experience in commercialization uh but what I want to say is that any Technologies particularly the conventional Technologies relate to mechanical engineering s engineering chemic engineering need a Decades of development before actually being applied um so the quick fit is not working in many ways but but anyway so that’s my reflection so thank
You very good very good very good okay so uh yeah Mr laog so I am Laur laog I am a mathematician from France um I am even a pure mathematician uh so 20 years ago I got the FI medal in fact in China in Beijing uh for my work in the soal long
Lance program which is uh which consist in relating uh different parts of mathematics but all very abstract and in the last 10 or 12 years I got more and more interested in um Theory a mathematical Theory so So-Cal grend to post Theory which is even more abstract than everything I had done
Before so abstract that most mathematicians would consider it too abstract uh but uh to my huge surprise um just by chance uh I uh began to have exchanges a few years ago with Engineers from Huawei so an isal company and uh something completely unexpected happened uh which is that uh uh
This uh extremely abstract subject I was interested in um erose their interest because of it possible application to Ai and the exchanges with them developed and the result was that two years ago I left the academic world which I would never have uh imagined before and by now I have
Become I am working for the resarch center of Huawei in Paris uh doing exactly the same thing as before which means extremely very very abstract mathematics but uh with uh possible applications uh in mind very important yes good good yes Mr Ros yes uh good afternoon happy to be
Here with you uh I’m James Rothman I’m uh at Yale University uh in the cell cell biology department and The nanobiology Institute um actually Michael like you I was a computer geek but I got cured I’m incurable when when I was 16 I wrote large segments of the compiler for the
Pdp1 for uh and my my most cited paper probably still is a fast 4ier transform algorithm uh I found it was so addictive that um I was spending all my time doing it and so I said I can’t really do that so I became a theoretical physicist um then after graduating
College I went into medicine um then after going into medicine uh but before before making any patients suffer too much uh I became a biochemist then after I became a biochemist I became a cell biologist uh in cell biology um I discovered basic mechanisms that are involved in uh the movement of materials
Throughout the cell and that also uh are responsible for release of neurotransmitters in the brain and neuronal synapsis and that’s what I received the Nobel Prize for and I’ve since uh morphed into a neuroscientist and what I’m trying to understand uh primarily is uh how it is that the
Release of neurotransmitters as synapsis occurs 10,000 times faster uh than any other corresponding uh process in biology uh even though the same proteins are involved uh which is kind of like asking uh a car engine that runs at 1,000 RPMs also to run at 10,000 RPMs and if I can
Answer that question I’ll be able to um provide a py explanation for why the human species is as stupid as it really is sorry about that but what the limits are on human intelligence um my um industrial affiliations have occurred in parallel um I’ve had a separate uh but parallel
Career in Industry I was the chief scientific officer of General Electric’s Healthcare division uh for about 5 years in the early 2000s uh and actually we have a number of operations worldwide that I had some uh responsibility for including the one in Shanghai here so I had many
Opportunities to visit in Shanghai on earlier occasions uh when I left GE I joined a private Equity Firm in uh New York called Arsenal Capital Partners I think we have something like $15 billion under man management currently our most recent fund uh was $5 billion closed
Last year and so I advise the company on the scientific aspects uh of their investments in healthc care which is the main area that I know something about from the point of view of Entrepreneurship oh very good you combine the your research and the science with the with the with the entrepreneurship
Investment together now very good okay yes uh hi everyone uh my name is soul GOI yeah go so I’m a neuroscientist uh I did my PhD at MIT and now I’m a director of an Institute on central nervous system regeneration in guango Gan University uh my main interest of of
Research is to promote CNS regeneration so I’ve been working on optic nerve regeneration and uh I just had a very uh breakthrough paper published a few months ago and I also work on spinal cord regeneration which I work closely with a hospital in quaning on spinal cord injur patients
Yeah and I’m also a chief scientist of a stem cell company in guango uh called the Sala stem cell company we obtain the first uh approval from uh from the Chinese government to conduct clinical trial on uh uh using uh maseno stem cells on on uh the uh arthritis problem
And I’m also have an academic station in LSA which is the place that produces GOI Berry if you know those red things uh and my research uh there on using goji berry focuses on extracting the active component the polysaccharide that could have very good uh prote netive effect on depression
Dementia and stroke so I hope that would uh that would be important because we are facing an aging population prevention is very important thank you very good even you know before before discussion actually we already learned a lot from you already thank you for your introduction everybody let’s next yes hi
Everyone my name is Jang and currently I’m a professor and shenen Institute for advanced study of University of electronic Science and Technology of China um I moved back to China about three years ago before I was a professor in mechanical engineering materials engineering and bi medical engineer as
Well in University of West Ontario Canada uh I also served the uh in Canada I also served the director of the uh Canada’s first industry 4.0 program which called win 4.0 it’s a uh it’s a center uh uh focus on uh industry 4.0 related research uh so uh there I I collaborate
With more than 50 professors from all disciplines in in in all dis exp of engineering and uh also from business school so we also have IV business school so together we uh discuss what’s uh uh what’s the key Technologies for industry 4.0 and uh what’s a you know uh
Solutions uh for for our for for companies uh to upgrade uh uh thems uh to towards you know industry 4.0 so yes so we we did a lot of uh Strate strategic thinking uh about uh uh the force industry Revolution uh so today I would like to share with you
Some of our our research about this okay in that’s 4.0 very good okay thank you impressive yes hi uh everyone my name is quu so I I’m professor of uh chinfa University so my first degree was civil engineering then I attend to research mathematics and mechanics uh for my first 20
Years uh in the last 20 years my my le interesting and majorly working on the interface particularly for solid solid interface so we invented a technology we called it structural sub velocity a state between two solids the sliding without the we zero way and also the friction nearly to be zero
So this kinds of Technology uh so we realized the for the first time uh in micrometers more than roughly 12 years ago so you know when we approach to the technology particular for the machine like robots very small the motors generators could could be implanted in in the
Body and then can be used permanently so such kinds of Technology never be never happened because the friction and wear so with these kinds of structural subcity so those the genin could be realized so small the last year we invent the first micro micro electric generator can can last for like
Lifelong time very long time and then uh this my technology major interesting the the the last 20 years uh the meantime I also uh spent um my major time maybe for the to for the incubate the talents Innovative talents in chinfa University and two years two years AG ago I mve to uh
Sunzen uh sunzen have a branch called International uh grad school of chinai University I moved moved to sinen and found it we called it X Institute so uh for selecting all of the channel from from the from the Freshman of the the the high school uh from the the the
University and the use the problem particular problem of the high-tech industri of cson and cheting the top scientist from all over the the world to incubate those parents so that’s my interesting thank you thank you Professor I think your your research must be very uh sophisticated I wish I
Could understand but I I I I’ll listen to you more thank you thank you so uh can we turn around turn here next can you start yes okay uh good afternoon uh yonu son here so little background about myself uh so I’m a graduate from shama University and then after graduation was
Fortunate to have a scholarship to uh California Institute of Technology to pursue my uh post-doctoral degree got a my PhD degree in chemistry uh my uh career is a bit uh interesting and I think is quite unique in the sense that uh I actually being affiliated with uh industry pretty much
All my life so I worked for Merc Research Laboratories for most of my career in drug development so the uh the uh a few years ago uh I took an early retirement from Merc and uh came back to China and set up a a biot technolog company called iova so we
Focus mainly on drug Discovery and development in basically in the business of inventing inventing novel molecules for cancer treatment and an idea is to translate basic biomedical research discoveries into useful Therapeutics so that’s what we we we we do and then in addition that I also have a couple of
More hats so I’m a professor of the same Institute as Professor Jang chin University uh shenen International graduate student college and also uh recently uh Shanghai Chon University appointed as a guest Professor there so the uh little bit about my myself so uh in the in in terms of experience
Uh background I’ve been uh in in the industry for 22 years so that’s quite a long time but uh mostly in the preclinical area in drug Discovery so a lot of times I’ve been using the uh you know we pay a lot of attention to as I
Mentioned that uh want to turn the basic biomedical research into something useful and uh while at America so we turn for instance the uh Nobel Prize chemistry into drug manufacturing process it’s actually been used at a large scale so that’s something pretty interesting and uh on top of that a
Couple of things I want to mention that is probably quite unique in the sense that uh also that uh I was uh uh got a chance to set up uh Rd Center for American research laboratory in China so that was a quite interesting experence experience and also on top of uh
Additionally let’s see what else oh yeah uh also I have a I have had a really unique opportunity to actually travel to Capital Hills to talk with the Congress US congress senate and Congressman uh from a scientist point of view regarding what does it take to develop Innovative
Drug and why is it so important to make sure intellectual properties are uh there’s a a favorable policy to protect intellectual properties so that’s a little bit of about myself thank you thank you Mo on uh good afternoon I glad to be here I’m jeffre low with BSF so first a few
Words about my company so BSF is a German Chemical Company and uh with 87 billion Euro sales last year is the largest Chemical Company globally uh we have a strong belief in Innovation so last year we spent 2.3 billion Euro in R&D and we had the collaboration with more than 200
Universities uh globally uh myself I’m trained as chemical engineer my bachelor degree from Tan University PHD chemical engineering from MIT I joined BSF in 2005 and I have held many different positions mainly in business management I manage the performance material battery materials and my last position
Actually I manage the global R&D for BSF it’s Advanced Materials for different applications including Automotive construction Personal Care Home Care Etc and since January last year I become the president and the chairman for BSF in China yes yeah good afternoon I’m CH from chin industry art research and development
Institute and I also from champing laboratory uh I’m get I got my PhD degree in environment engineering at chai University uh from then on I served for academic management and technolog transfer uh my paent for technolog transfer transfer spends about 20 years so I think uh my job is to focus on two
Area one is the uh set up a fail and efficiency technology transfer system to encourage the professors can transfer can let their research achievements become a business uh so I think this is the first uh system in China university and help a lot of professors like Professor T do their uh technology
Commercialization and also I set up first uh what call the Strategic Venture Capital to help the per the University’s technology can become a business and our first fund is supported by Mr sh also here thank you so much uh uh second area is we set up several Innovation platform or we call
Innovation centers uh focus on different area we have a global Health drug Discovery Institute cooperate with Gates Foundation to develop a new drug help uh the poor peoples and also we have set up a hydrogen energy Institute Corp with unido in different areas so I think we
Can do some effort to help this uh Cutting Edge technology become a business can help the economic and the world thank you good afternoon everybody I’m Kevin Chen and uh my company me links way cycle which is uh doing the battery recycling busis and I start uh I
Established six years ago and um I’m talking about about the batter recycling that uh once we think talking about the recycling indust it means that in China is that is uh is not a fashion industri but why not battery recycling in the background is that ESG is being more and
More important and then electricity car is being more and more popular so the battery recycling and uh to make the battery uh materials it has to be connecting with the technology um today I’m sitting here um feels like attending in the class in college because most of you here are
Professional so it’s been my great honors to communicate and then from you guys thank you you must have be the youngest yes I think so good good good okay it’s my the final one oh after after me I think will start a a new section uh that’s uh before the new
Section I I give some uh basic background of myself uh my name is Shian uh I start from uh start from my business as a engineer uh uh I recall that back to 1991 when I was 20 29 years old after received a a top National prize for my first
Project in a US joint signo joint uh entrepreneur and uh I found that we have a great opportunity facing that uh that’s a challeng from analog analog to digital in medical device not in t communication uh particularly in the research of uh chin China’s first uh color
Ultrasound uh it’s still my company now still the biggest in China now and also a major force in in the world so uh I remember that when that time I’m I’m very young but facing the new opportunity from analog to digital I’m very e uh to to hold that
Responsibility but my company my boss said you are too young for such a big project and so difficult technology uh but I’m lucky uh I have a partner that he know my ambition and interest and he said that if you dare to risk your disc uh risk I would find
Some investment for you back at that time it’s 198 1991 there’s no venture capital in China not like now every everywhere full of full of money uh we are very difficult to find his friends he happened to make the first time Fortune money from from Trading from import uh foreign Goods
Into China back that time so I’m so lucky I don’t realize any risk I just want to to hold opportunity and to do what I I like most I think that uh I remember that at during that time I spent almost 12 hours a day in the company to do what I like
Just like my son play his computer game now oh but but at that time we we don’t have any any computer game what we need that uh I don’t know it’s it’s uh it’s a venture capital it’s a stock company I just know
What I want to do and I think what I uh if I make it uh successful in ch in China I many people and uh particularly the hospital doctors would benefit from that so I’m very darious that that uh H very couraged by by that time uh
After more than 25 years the company list on the New York uh Stock Exchange and I think it’s time for me to pursue my own interest I start Company by my background but with the involve of time I think I I need have other interest the first that
I think that I need to see see more of the world the second I happen to find that I have very strong interest in building things so I building medical device after that I uh I found that I have special interest in architecture because I think architecture not serve as the house or
Or or shelter for people it’s also an art it’s so beautiful but it’s unlikely in in the in the city I I live and work in shinin I don’t find many of them after the listing of my I had a lot of opportunity to to travel around the
World I find New York Los Angeles San Francisco Tokyo uh uh London many place and also many city in Europe I found great architectures both some are traditional some are brand new so I think that for for very new city like singen and also a very bman City I think
That’s it’s not only my my ambition I think it’s also the need of the city to to build to build a a new kind of architecture so when the opportunity comes I brought a land and I start now I think it’s also the second uh Venture I I know nothing about
Uh architecture but only have interest and the strong love of that so I I got some people and hired one of the best designer from New York and after 10 years I successed and uh now people think that uh the D name is called one
Sh B the people in in this area said that Wen Bay is one of the most successful project and I I’m not building as a very successful one but also I will it one of the high quality and the Beautiful One uh in the city so
Uh if you if you guys have opportunity to visit the sunen uh I will ass show you I I know that uh Mr Sergent well and lit well with sent I’m eager to wait to introduce my baby to you thank you very good very good I I think uh
People understand Mr Shi uh is also the major uh sponsor for WLA and he managed U uh one of the most successful medical uh equipment company uh globally and also as he mentioned just now he now got a lot of interest in high quality architect buildings so he’s
Uh he buil buil one of the most famous and the most liked building in Shan Jen and he’s building more um he is very much on the on the side of business but he put the business and the science together which I think it’s our theme today so to uh put a
Business and Entrepreneurship and technology and research together uh to create new things in this world it’s good so I I’m I’m very impressed to hear everybody’s introduction I think we combine we almost we collect almost everything here collect life science computer science physics uh mathematics uh chemical uh energy you know architecture everything
So in this round table so we collect almost every aspect of science technology research plus business so today our discussion will be try trying to put the two thing together whether to find a way we can really explore the opportunity of research and application uh to make this in a commercial
Reality so for the first uh topic uh we got actually Four uh topic I want to discuss for the first one so we I want to raise uh maybe a question or or thing or discussion a topic for discussion which how to really uh um promote uh the uh The Innovation uh
Technology uh within in companies or using company as a driving force uh to do that uh because today you know in China there’s always a argument whether the research or innovation particularly technology research should be on in companies Enterprises or in universities all kind of research institute now people try to uh combine
The two together and find a way uh to let the two collaborate which is again I think still a challenge today so which means where the money will go and where the efforts where the results and application things will happen so uh so hopefully we can hear from you your experience your
Observation how to deal with this problem today I don’t want to uh say to assign a question to somebody else we can you can speak freely anybody want to say something on that Mr Ley I will start you started the last round so um so uh I’ve been at Stanford University since
1987 before that I was a faculty member at The vitman Institute in Israel and before that I was a staff member at the medical research Council laboratory of molecular biology in England the first two places are very much pure research I never needed to ask for money I need
Never needed to worry about grants I was given unlimited resources to do whatever I liked uh when I moved to Stanford 36 years ago on the one hand I was asked to get NIH grant money to cover myself on the other hand it was strongly encouraged that I get involved in a
Startup company and uh stampa University has probably been more successful than any other university in the world because Silicon Valley largely owes its existence to Stanford but what is interesting is that Stanford never tried to make money from technology licensing they would often release things freely they would put things into the public
Domain uh only in the last 25 years have they agreed to take money for example Google came out of Stanford when Google was founded they wanted to give Stanford 4% and Stanford said no no no no no I think at the last moment they said yes um because they would have been even
More sorry but B basically their logic was that if you have a a academic and companies together then when the companies do well maybe they’ll give a donation back to the University Stanford uh during the presidency of John Hennessy who was also connected here with the prize
Managed to raise one billion US dollars a year every year for 20 years and this is for people who went there all from his graduates or research I don’t know who it’s from you know I think a lot came from and and these people would build buildings and so on so it it’s
Something which is a almost like a academic industrial complex um but to get to your your question of promoting so uh so I myself have been connected with with many startup companies generally uh in in a in a technical capacity rather than in an investor capacity um and
Uh it I think that the difference between startup research and pure basic science research is that often with basic science you haven’t got a clue where the work work’s going to go you you’ve I think in many ways it’s like uh uh Mr Shu uh hung described you follow your
Passion you like it you do it and in academics I think that’s a very very good policy on the other hand I’ve seen how in in startup companies uh it can be a very powerful way of really making sure that the idea isn’t neglected academics I think often neglect their
Ideas they think of something they think of something else they leave the idea but in a startup company at least in a small company a startup company you can’t afford to neglect anything you have to make money so you can continue living and I think that’s often very
Very good because you look at things very very carefully so I was very lucky in being involved in a in a startup company out of Stanford called protein Design Lab they were trying to design proteins this was founded in 1986 just when we knew how to manufacture proteins by cloning and this
Company was initially interested in making anything but then they thought we better focus because you know to make money you often need to focus so they focused on designing antibodies this is very early but they managed to by by a clever mixture of new ideas clever patenting uh protection of Ip rights be
The company that led to the strongest patent in humanizing antibodies and even today some of the prominent anti-cancer drugs like herceptin and dtin were humanized by these methods so I was very lucky in in being involved with them and what I did is I had been working on
Antibody structure five or six years before I didn’t think it was very interesting I was working on it I had a nice collaboration published a few papers but suddenly when this company came along the the knowledge I had was very valuable and I think in general often if you take people with different
Interests and you put them together and when you’re in a company you’re linked you’re all trying to have the common good of the company then each person brings their own things and I think that bringing together people who are very different and make them talk make them interact make them work together for
Some common goal is incredibly valuable and Incredibly powerful sometimes I think that the Way Grants should be given out is to go to two random people people me and the cameraman and say if you can do something really clever together we will help you find a company
Because I think often ideas come from people who are have different knowledge and oftentimes it’s very easy for me to tell somebody who’s interested in antibodies this is what they look like because I’ve been studying that and they will say Ah that’s what’s missing that’s the missing piece so I think that
Breaking done I think companies are good because they break down the discipline walls if you’re in a chemistry Department you don’t get much chance to interact with a ma mathematician but that might be the most interesting interaction you can have or an economist for me one of the great things about WLA
Is meeting people in other areas whether they’re industrialists entrepreneurs economists mathematicians I mean it’s it’s I’m like a child in a toy store here so I think it’s very important you want to yeah I have a question for um Michael and others so um what about the statistics on what about
Survivor survival bias so you know if you look at the statistics on entrepreneurship or um or startups or uh VCS they’ll tell you this most uh most new ideas are bad and uh most startups fail and um so I’m thinking there could also be a p here A bunch you know so
Anyway so you know where where I’m going come from so the story so uh so so what what determines whether or not and then numbers are something like over 90% fail okay good so what so what so is it that you’re were you lucky or were you’re
Doing something better or were the other companies put together that’s my question didn’t like that my luck is no better than anyone else’s but I I don’t know whether the startup companies fail because of a bad idea or bad timing or bad management I think bad management is a very important
Reason yeah uh you know it’s company is really really tough it’s probably the hardest kind of work you can ever do and people maybe argue they get tired you know so I think but you could actually argue if you look at science you know pure science how many papers
Are really successful it’s probably much less than one in 10 yeah one in 10 is a high number one in a thousand so in academic research and you know if you actually work out what research costs I think an average paper in the United States based on how much grant money
They use is $150,000 and that paper is probably on average cited zero times so it’s the same distribution you have a scale free distribution could I have I have one more question then I’ll be quiet of course yes go ahead so um why do you do
This is it because you want to get rich or because you wna uh are you altruistic or why do you do it I think I do it because I love diversity and I love diverse experiences I I find it so exciting when you talk to somebody who
You think you have nothing in common with and suddenly wow this is interesting so I think it’s I my whole background is very multidisiplinary I’m a physicist who really loves computers and Mathematics working in a medical school on biological problems and getting AEL priz in chemistry so you know it’s the L
Subject so I think I’m just very curious and you know I I think that diversity for me is the secret of everything and people who are chasing the money as a as a Company CEO are different from somebody who’s building an apartment and they they all are valuable every
Experience is interesting so I think it’s this Rich of experience but be wider please I talk very good uh Professor leevy thank you so much for sharing with us on the beautiful story of uh of Stanford uh students research turn into uh startup companies and uh in
Return uh donate uh at least $1 billion a year to the university so yes please Mr yeah um so I I’d like to return to what I think is the main theme that you identified we have uh sort of uh looking at the topics we have uh uh is uh
Industry going to or Enterprise industry is that a driver for Innovation right then we have is science coming perhaps from Academia more of a driver for Innovation and and then I guess finally we’re going to get around to how they can get together to a greater degree um
I thought I’d make a comment on your question about um industry as a driver for Innovation from what I’ve observed you say like let’s say Google is it Google research more important or Stanford University Research more important who’s driving who’s driving that’s that’s a hard one but Google is
Exceptional very exceptional in in a corporate setting and that’s kind of what I like University or Huawei you know you you need the com Industries companies and research I I tend to see it from the point of view someone a point of view of someone who used to
Manage Innovation at a large company and I’d be curious to know what other people here several of you have current responsibilities in that in that area um I think that uh actually we can’t really count on industry to uh to drive disruptive innovation in general it happens by accident disruptive
Disruptive it happens by accident sometimes and um but I think I’m speaking now from a us or or mainly us but also European perspective U most of the companies either are or strive to be traded on the stock market when you’re traded on the stock market you’re you’re evaluated on a quarterly basis
Mercilessly uh by uh your earnings and your revenues and their and the numbers around those uh my experience at GE and I don’t think it’s any different in any major other major company is that that has a profound effect on on how research budgets are allocated and what they’re
Allocated for and for me anyway this sounds like very nuts and bolts but it lies at the core of the issue uh from the company point of view so you know when an academic looks at a big company like a Merc uh or or a fisa or a GE they
Say wow they have a big billion dollar two or three billion doll R&D budget and what they don’t typically realize is that budget is spoken for in many small pieces and is tightly fought over uh on an annual basis and it’s generally linked to uh p&l uh profit and loss
Centers that can be um distressingly small in their purview and so as a result of that the overall budget is linked to as a percentage of revenues typically more than profits and uh and so the Innovation the cost for Innovation the budget for it actually is not one big
Budget typically it’s many little budgets I’m sure you know that yeah uh and it comes out of and so it’s necessarily in the hands of a product manager who is making decisions about whether or not it can affect that product so it tends to be very strongly product based now the alternative to
That is a large corporate research budget and um there there have been historical experiments in that direction the most famous was the Bell Labs uh another was Xerox Park okay and these gave rise to extraordinarily disruptive innovation because somehow they were protected always for a limited period of time the
Bell Labs is gone zerox Park is gone uh probably the last such Central lab standing is one of the one that I was why why the B lab is gone uh well as a result of uh that that’s a very particular case that has to do with with with American uh uh interpretations
Of uh of uh antitrust law okay was busted up probably Mr Sergeant knows more about that than anyone here but um but in any case the GE the lab that Central lab which I had a lot to do with essentially has been busted up over the last few years as GE itself essentially
Busted up because of pressures from the stock market market so I would say that if we want to to see industry contributing more to disruptive innovation we have to get off of this mindset that every venture capitalist has that the only way that you get liquidity is through an IPO because
Otherwise this will undoubtedly prove to be true in China over time um otherwise Innovation will be you know reduced so that’s I’m not very optimistic about that I have to say now there are obvious exceptions you mentioned Google and there seems to be a Silicone Valley exception okay if you’re if you’re a
Google or any of five or six companies like Google you seem to be able to be loss making on an epic scale in your research and development and you’re forgiven for it because you’re going through a property grab a land grab and there’s probably sense to it but I think
We’re seeing even now that Google is being reigned in uh on its many Google this and Google that and Google the other projects that never seem to go anywhere so uh I guess my summary from an academic but also my limited perspective in industry is that we can
Count on industry to be uniquely capable of developing products uh and as Michael says taking an idea and running with it uh but we’re not going to really be able to count on industry at least from my perspective at the United States is uh developing a successful formula for disruptive innovation
Uh Mr Ross I I I sense you you slightly uh Pro uh universities so you you don’t you don’t uh anticipate Industries or companies can uh produce more more you you say uh disruptive or continuous uh you know fundamentally from again from my perspective and now as an
Academic I would agree with Michael that most academics have no idea of the value of what they do and if anything they tend to think that what they what they do has value rather than not having value I was when I was at slum ketering Cancer Center I was in charge of the
Patent office and you wouldn’t believe the number of people that thought that every little compound they had was a drug okay and it had to be patented and so on um and so you know that’s another problem when you have uh universities and I understand that may be true in
China to a larger degree than in the US now where the which take an unrealistic view of the value of patents you can create a dynamic that’s actually counterproductive so I do I’m a great believer in academics Academia generating disruptive ideas but only if basic science is funded in a curiosity
Driven way in a vigorous way uh and that’s actually what the WLA stands for to a large degree and I think that’s the best formula in the end is is to have a vigorous Venture Capital environment uh separately funded a vigorous uh basic science environment in Academia and it’s really the
Government’s job to fund it as as as professor harou said this morning I think it is very important lecture uh you know it’s I’m paraphrasing it way but it’s the job of uh government to have uh have idea based curiosity based research funded to complement uh
Industry which has project or or uh you know Pro product based research so sorry for the fact that I’m sort of opinionated but but that’s uh those are my views so I Mr sh can I ask you let’s say how many of your technology or your products uh new products
Uh were say invented by by academic institutions or by by yourself by the company uh how do you balance the two yeah yes uh this is the Dilemma of academic and uh entrepreneur industri I want to balance balance here at first uh when I found company we I myself had some kind of
Technology at that time but it’s not enough to to make to make a a whole device we need more Technologies right yeah you put them together yeah we say uh in the company now we always say that we need to put more refund fund on
R&D but you need to know R and D is not the same thing right just like are more oriented to academic development more on product side more features more durable so but when the involve of your product if you only have the ability to in the development
Site and the final you will not go far you need to have capability of research I think that’s why we need universities academic in academic side we need Nobel Prize we need all kind of L price as I know that uh even in this mobile phone there are at least 10
Prize 10 10 Nobel Prize results I ask my uh scientific assistant to to to check that for me at least transistor semiconductor definitely yeah more than 10 Computing everything relativity no not mention medical device and there even more like like x-ray we use every day in the checking it’s a it’s a result
Of funding of a German scientist so uh when you this the company I found out TR kind of company when you at a startup you may more rented on Research based on Research results when a big company you you put more resource on indd but finally you you need to to put resource
Back to R&D mhm that’s you make balance you want go far you need R&D not only D but also are now at the current phase most of Chinese company especially long develop company like like M Min we more than 33 years now we focus a lot of put put our lot of
Resource in Iron uh research site we need scientist we need camps we need mathematical we need uh uh physics SCI physics science so that that’s a balance okay anyone else yes please yeah I want to add a few comments from corporate perspective just for in yeah BSF so typically we also Ste as
A business yes p&l is very important but for all budgeting process we also allocate like a BSF 20% of the corporate funding so you know if you talk about 2.3 billion Euro we have almost 500 million euro working on long-term topics so in the ploud history of BSF you know
We also invented you know ammonia or vitamin A Etc you know H bch process also wns no price so I think it’s possible if you manage it things right but I want to take one step back I think it’s probably more important you know yes academic you know very strong in
Basic research you know we talk about cooporate I think we have broad industry perspective I strongly believe in collaboration so if we can really bring the brilliant mind from Academia and Industry together I think the best results will be there I think this is exactly what my company does so I talk
About you know collaboration with universities we have globally you know with more than 200 universities actually in California we have Cola so this is a research alliance with universities in California including Stanford University we also have residents you know research sitting on the campus UC brookley and Professor pedon yangang is my our
Director and we also have in nor so this is half MIT M we also have a very strong research collaboration and we have a professor Bob ler from MIT and George whid from half University they all sit in our Advisory board so we select those topics very very carefully and we also
You know bet on the big project you are very right 80% of the project very small incremental Improvement but we also work on those big projects big bet like every year between 50 and 100 million euro uh investment so it’s a combination so I just want to add a few comments from our
Perspective yes okay Mr you have a very very good questions from Chin’s experience I’m concerned about CH with h yeah yeah maybe 10 years ago or 50 years ago more and more Professor cooperate with a bigger company yeah yeah like a contract research the company company say it’s my requirement you do the
Research for me Mr create for great companies so you understand the this situation but now I think more and more professors they don’t like corporate company they like a set up a company and on their own and s s the company to the bigger company I think the situation maybe some f change
For example like uh uh bioscience you can see it the professor they have a technology then they set up a biotech and the bigger Farmer they also do their Innovation but most of the difficult company most of the difficult problem is not solved by the big F
Farmer they buy the BoTech this is the situation second like AI yeah we have like Google a lot of big a lot of bigger companies but you can see open a chang the situation not from a bigger company so it’s it’s very interesting I think so um I think some sometime
Uh like a bigger company is very well organized research for for for example Huawei maybe they has 10,000 people for one project and in chinai University maybe 10 people for one project is a Bigg team I think so and at this time so the government do some effort to to set
Up a Bridges they call they set up a new type Institute the government provides support and usually like AI we need more people work together but in University they each one have a small team so government oh we set up Institute is not for profit and we provide sources for
For like infr infrastructure and let maybe 10 uh um or maybe 100 200 500 scientists can work together yeah they have two jobs one in University and our same time they also work for the Institute uh I think situ CH different situation but for you I think for
University uh I agree with Le idea is do the technology trans for is not for money I think it’s for impact we can do good research also our research is useful improve this is enough thank you very good very good want to say something any any anything you want yes
Please go ahead yes yeah uh the really uh important topic that uh regarding uh disruptive research Innovations in my field in the biofarma biomedical uh field it’s actually these two concept of academic research and translation research are are integrated coexisting Harmony in fact we need more and more interaction for instance in the
Uh basic biomedical research the uh freedom of thinking pursue interest these are very very important in terms of Novel discoveries explore The Cutting Edge of biomedical research and then the for the develop the new findings from basic bi medical research in order to translate into something useful that actually is a very
Is a big job and that’s something that is uh uh requires the very strong collaboration between Academia and pharmaceutical and the basic biomedical research by definition that needs to have uh encourag freedom of uh thinking if you just I think you mentioned that uh J uh Jim you mentioned about
Curiosity is funded in a rigorous way that’s that’s absolutely that’s the right way to do it and for to translate something into a useful Therapeutics requires more coordinated effort to move forward very interestingly that uh the the the the at the interface the interaction is so
Important that in fact for inter to set up a project to move forward actually there’s strong interaction with the uh basic biomatic research researchers do you think the technology let’s say you say research and application or transfer uh in China or in other country in your experience yeah taking a
Different form different approach so there’s a a term called a translational science or translation or research a lot of times uh it’s actually very interesting that uh often times in fact this is was summarized in the uh I think 2012 there are couple of papers in nature talked
About uh the uh basic bom medical research that before setting something before setting up a project you reproduce try to reproduce the results in the laboratory and a couple of uh papers talked about uh I believe is a Wi on from Amin the other ones are from
Buyer and then s which suggested the probability of the reproducibility was fairly low is in the 30% 10 to 30% range so so that that is the the you need to be able to verify the results and then set up the program and move forward in a
Coordinated way in the process the uh in the uh the ideas uh is uh when we talk about translation sometimes you think about the basic biomodal research results if it doesn’t become a drug is not being translated but in fact that some of the results are simply not easily
Translatable or not there so it’s a but this definitely is the very source of basic of new drugs so so this both sectors extremely important and the interaction between Academia industry as uh the uh Jeffrey here mentioned about the uh industry Academia research is very important so in my uh industry days
That uh you know we form the uh a farmer round table and also work with the uh Academia academic researchers to identify basic research problems that’s industrially important and then this forms a really nice collaboration between uh Academia and Industry so this is something that I think going forward uh either in United
States and then in China I think this area continue going to be very important and then both are uh very very important in the sense that basic biomedical research is a source of the new drugs innovation coming out of the other end but then the idea that just the Remain
The idea without translation it won’t be a drug so that requires both sectors to work very closely together good I I don’t yeah you want to say yes go ahead yes please I think the I have a few things to share first is the big corporations and small ones are very
Different I share two aspects of things I’m not a particular successful person in commercial aspects but I think I have do have some experience well first is is I’ve I worked with uh MK actually U particularly in the UK side M sha and doome and worked with the fiser and gleo GSK
Essentially um and worked at Pro Gamble and uh so there’s very big corporations in the past particularly about 15 maybe 20 years ago we had some new development in the new specific technology for ex surface cleaning and cleansing cleansing means any bi microbio stuff um we progressed a technology to a pil scale
Production stage and then stopped so um I think these lots of things I think for academics and myself uh sometimes if you think your idea all technology is good is great it’s going to be worth lot of money normally it’s the the chance of success is really
Small because I think it’s a very long time development it’s lots of money and also the efforts So eventually you probably get nowhere so that’s a and this is not alone one example I worked with several companies which is end up with similar things so so essentially of
Course they are successful things which I don’t want to men because you guys have covered what I want to say specifically second as effect is a country are different from other countries policies and and I mean I take UK as example UK is good at Innovation but they’re not good at turning
Innovation into uh commercial products and and I mean lots of things are are I mean they do realize that but I think it’s small country market is small because I think the the two things uh in uh commercialization uh marketing your research not good idea idea marketing
Products is a good idea but if um because I think the over sale you research stuff is not always a good idea because I sometimes you know the the overing it’s not good because I think it’s a uh probably you would understand the so uh so my understanding or my experience
Is that we are not good at sort of a um advocating what we do uh so for academics who want turning your stuff into a commercial reality you need to have probably about decades maybe even more I take example you know the liquid airG storage technology I invented about near 20
Years ago the first plant was started built just a couple years ago and it’s 100 million investment for one plant and it’s a it’s a not particular big plan but I think so that’s going to be finished next year so where do that CL will be successful who knows but it
Depends on the market conditions there’s lots of things like that so um the second thing is that I agree with M natur so small firms um sometimes academics their focus is is find out and understand this is not spin out should do because the spinoff is have something
Good enough to progress and then to become product to to have sales so that you can sustain to survive is the first and uh so I’m involved in five spinoffs so far of course the first two going out straightway in a couple years time and
The third one is uh is survived for over 10 years which is I think fairly good but I’m not involved in that operation I’m just serve as a as as a as a science you know the the the the uh chair of the advise uh the science board because uh
I’m not the person to sort of manage a company because the Innovation research is more my interest so so so so that’s a very different so and secondly for small companies sometimes they are in my case is you want to do everything but actually it’s too much so you have to uh
Doing um focus on one or two ideas to to have a product first to have Market sale first because otherwise no one is investing you unless they’re really strategic you know like a fusion project you know nuclear fusion it’s always 50 years away so but you know the
Normal Innovations we do it’s it’s a you know as you know one in 10 success you have to sort of stick with the what you have in with investment so so survival is a key so that’s sort of few small thing to share with thank you
I thank you for your very engaged the discussion I you know as far as I learned today uh I don’t think we can find a a complete uh uh solution uh for for this problem for this for this question uh I I think that the either is academic or I guess industry uh
Research the two of them actually are not contradicting uh actually there’s no black and white uh you know separation between the two uh I think in small small or big companies uh different sector of of business or industry or technology or different country you have a sort of
Kind of take a different form approach uh to to combine the two together I think it’s a something we need a further uh study because particularly challenging to in China today because this is very hot topic being discussed every day but anyway uh thank you for
Your contribution so I have to move on uh forward to to next uh uh question uh which is um I learned a word this morning called usefulness of useless research you know so somebody say so this morning so it’s a which is a basic research or Application Study or
Research between the two whe is you want to do more fundamental basic research or you want to use the technology to apply to your own products uh so which is again uh something people come kind of feel it’s it’s confused and also feel it’s difficult to uh balance the
Two uh I know today most of the uh lawyers they they they they they focusing more on on fundamental on basic research but now on this side the kind of a industry side uh product side they they want have a more technology ready to use uh to making uh make a products
So how can we balance the two uh how much how much effort we should spend on on each usually uh China China’s worry today is CH China keep saying that they spend too little on on fundamental on basic research so everybody try to use some technology to commercial them immediately so you you
Need a long-term Vision long-term patient investment everything together to make it the fundamental or sort of very basic research let’s say disruptive research or or Brooker research Discovery research uh happen you know I we learn from Huawei all the time Mr ke saying H we doing all lot of very basic
Research uh youit there in there uh telecommunication but you need a mathematician to help them I think mathematics and tele commmunication usually is quite far away how can you put them together so is do you want to start yes yeah so maybe I can say something about that U so I already said
That uh I spent most of my career as an a member of the academic world uh doing research in very abstract mathematics and for two years I have become a member of the Paris Research Center of Huawei uh and this for me has happened as a completely uh huge
Surprise uh in fact uh even a few years ago uh I had a very naive idea of Applied Mathematics I thought that Applied Mathematics mainly consisted in PDS numerical analysis and statistics and um uh in fact six years ago I uh I got an invitation by representatives of
Huawei uh to give a talk in a conference on uh the application of mathematics as they were organizing and I I had never met them before I I knew the existence of Huawei but I I did know at all these Engineers or managers uh so I was very surprised
By this invitation and I thought uh I am a pure mathematician I cannot uh give a talk which could be interesting for engineers so first I uh I answered uh very politely uh thank you very much for your invitation uh but I I am afraid I cannot give a talk which could be
Interesting for you and then they insisted okay so I once again I in a very polite way I said no the insisted again and so okay I felt that I had to accept can you tell us how how we uh can use your expertise as a mathematician no so
This uh I come to that so you see they invited me without knowing at all what I could talk about okay they were not asking me to to give a talk on a precise subject all right they they asked me they invited me to give a talk on what I
Wanted and they knew of course that I was and I I am still a pure mathematician okay good uh so um uh okay so uh as I didn’t so I accepted invitation eventually and but I didn’t know what I could talk about and eventually I decided okay so I I cannot
Present a talk which could be interesting for them so let’s present a talk understand we fully understand we we don’t want to uh know too much secret yeah but uh so what happened is that I gave a talk on a subject which was interesting for me so very abstract
Subject Theory and in a completely unexpected way some Engineers um happen to be very interested by what I had explained but it was completely unexpected for them and for me and in fact I I understood later that uh uh for the Huawei Management in fact they try to create this
Unexpected meetings so they have the idea that it is good good to have to meet people from Academia yeah yeah and just to talk in an informal way you see they don’t ask people from from Academia to to solve concrete problems for for them they just want to
Have conversations for instance they say coffee conversations conversations in a coffee uh because they think that in this way from time to time they could learn about the existence of something and so this is what happened in my case so I gave a talk but it on a subject
They had never learned about before but just because what I explain in a in an informal way in a one hour talk it gives some it gave some of them the idea that it could be interesting for the development of AI and from that point we had other meetings and and some of
Them began to study seriously this subject uh just as if they were students and they had to learn everything from scratch so I was really baffled by that so these people were not even mathematicians they were engineers thank you I I think I think in this issue we
May have no uh argument on let’s say uh all the fundamental uh uh uh Discovery sort of research uh I think most of them uh will happen in academic institutions right am I right you want to say something Sergeant I thought the company Industries usually apply but but all the academic guys
Professors uh will do more on so here so here’s useless research right yeah so so what so there’s there’s a there’s an issue that you kind of raised like like a pure research which is useless apparently useless maybe for a long time oh yeah versus applied research which is
So so you know your mind goes to examples like uh differential geometry when differential geometry it’s in invented in the non- idian geometry it seems to be purely abstract okay it’s it’s invented in the mid you know 1840s 1850s purely useless okay then uh we don’t have with this
Economic wait wait wait no wait there’s wait there’s an economic thing okay so so that was a that was a something that wasn’t going to pay off for maybe 50 or 100 years it’s it’s the key tool Einstein needed to do general relativity but you know that was useless for me for
Another 50 years so if you’re a businessman and you you’re you’re looking at a stream of returns you got to Discount the future and if you’re discounting the future um that’s that’s why the person said it was useless now you know but kind of there’s this intertemporal Dimension and um and it’s
A matter of patience and uh you know like you you were talking about stock market well those guys are paid to be impatient and maybe maybe uh governments are to be I don’t know more foresighted but you know I think that’s key us us the the Nobel uh Nobel uh Laur uh Nobel
Prize uh award usually go to uh useful or useless research in economics it’s all useless I don’t know I I don’t I don’t I I don’t I don’t know Michael Michael us usually what where they go they go more acemic it’s a good question I think the Nobel Foundation
Doesn’t like to make mistakes so they try to wait for a long time so that the research has become established whether it’s useful or not I agree with uh Professor Sergeant completely all research is useful if somebody said I’m doing something truly useless I would say there must be some use in there
Because I mean for me uh oil is factorization of large numbers which I’m sure is worth more money than all of other signs put together because of the banking industry security all the hash coding is coming from useless factorization of large numbers the important thing was though that Oiler
Wrote it down so publishing is incredibly important for basic science because you don’t know when it will be useful but I think that uh you know useless it’s it’s it’s not a good term to use it’s like saying is you know and and it’s just shortterm versus longm
Term I think you need a balance of shortterm and longterm uh you know and I think that anyone who believes that you can predict what’s going to happen in science is making a huge mistake there have been so many examples of people who said either
This would be worth the much and it was worth nothing or it would never be worth anything so it’s uncertain okay yes go ahead yes yes just uh I can give a an example which I find very unliking which is the example of Newton Newton so Newton in his scientific um activity um
Introduced mainly two extremely important theories so the theory of gravitation on the one which is a theory for describing physical phenomena and differential calculus so differential calcul of course introduced that because it he he needed it for formulating his theory of gravitation but it is pure mathematics it is speculative science it is
Not designed to in relation of to something precise in the physical world and by Min you may Wonder between these two theories which one proved the most useful and the answer is obvious of course it is differential calculus which has become the basis for describing most physical phenomena and most work in
Engineering so so this example I find very enlightening yeah good example good example okay anybody yes go ahead yes so perhaps the uh the term useless is kind of like T chick type of thing it’s really not a series I think about I think this morning there was a talk I
Forgive me I forgot who gave the talk that in terms of the type of uh uh very important research Nobel prize winning research later on recognized but the initial stage of the research you was deemed useless don’t care nobody cares and then this is the importance of curious curiosity driven research follow
Your own interest to explore the science that’s very very important as I mentioned that uh you know in my world in the biopharmaceutical world the we see the end of the develop the Innovation that is a drug that has made a huge difference to humankind’s health
And well-being but at the beginning or a lots of them came from basic bical research and the basic biometic research as I mentioned earlier they’re curiosity curiosity driven that not necessarily translatable into something useful however they are the source of the innovation in the biopharmaceutical area
So it’s a uh very important to have uh basic research this is related to for instance either in uh China or worldwide that is a basic research continue to be extremely important should be funded and uh very well and this is a uh source of uh uh The Innovation again it doesn’t
Mean everything can be translated right away or some never being able to translate it however that’s the source of it a lot of this disruptive I remember that uh uh I forgot which year a uh chemistry Nobel prize winning uh reaction is a new reactivity is a cross
Coupling reaction uh Suzuki is the Japanese Professor when he published when he wanted to publish his paper and a major journal basically rejected so he had to publish his Nobel winning prize chemistry in a local Japanese scientific journal but many years later and his work got a Nobel price because its
Usefulness later on in pharmaceutical industry so it’s a the the to say something that’s possibly useless uh and uh that’s yeah it’s probably just a way to say you don’t have to right away see the value yet I I agree uh every meaningful research is useful uh so when we say
Useless which means uh going to be used in the in the in the in the long future usually people think joke is useless but today we are facing a situation like investment you know it’s very much like a shortterm or long-term investment you want to invest in something which will take a longer
Much longer time to go the return so people will be reluctant to do that uh is very understandable but today we understand the importance of uh you say uh basic research so I mean we needed that research even in shortterm not useful but in the long range very very useful and very
Fundamental so can we say uh that part of research should be sponsored or organized by by the state by or by by by by uh say uh uh academic institutions uh without too much economic uh return uh pressure uh in the short term and the industry companies
Should be uh let’s say spend more time or money on on applications to making products will that a division would that be appropri or or good a sort of a um kind of a uh combination I mean between the two yeah yeah in short I always believe this you need this
Ecosystem you need both components both components are important in both component there Innovation and uh so you need both yeah yeah okay I think BSF is doing both fundamental and basic and application too yeah uh we do some fundamental research but a strong focus on you know more practical research you
Discover new materials you know all the time right it’s a it’s a new kind of a material never exist before right well ideally we want to do that but also becoming increasingly different or difficult very so all focus is really from inventing a new molecule or new compound right now
Into a system so it’s the same material if poly usine is polyu if polyamid is still polyamid but we know from the system perspective when you design for example automot Automotive paths you know all these materials properties Etc you design in a way that you can optimize the cost the system cost
Including the material you use including the processing cost and also the life cycle assessment so that’s a strong focus of our research okay yes go ahead I just have a figure about uh basic Investments uh occupi the percentage of all the indd like my figure is
2017 the BR uh from friend take the number one the the basic research the percentage of basic uh as the percent of indd is 20 to 25 it’s very interesting it’s not it’s out of my expectation us and uh UK take the second around 15% of all the indd expense is basically
Below that is Japan Japan is around 12 so H how how would you guess China China is 5% but China now the total IR expense is the number two two in the world which US is number one that’s the figure I get so I think that’s
For China we definitely have the need to increase or put more resource on basic research I think that’s the more the the importance of to help forign in China right I know that has three visions one is to to improve R&D basic ND research collaboration and the second is to to help young
Scientist and I like the search the the search is to to evoke to rise more interest more people to understand size love size and just they they they have more topics on science rather on other gossips if a country have this uh uh Habit I think that’s would very helpful
For the science and for the growth of the quality of this sttion that’s why I would like to support and also support basic research in academic side yeah can I just add one thing in talking about basic science and Industrial science we often forget that in basic science done in
Universities in medical schools as well oftentimes the main task of the researcher is to be a teacher both in giving courses having undergraduates and postdocs if you’re in a medical school often you’re a clinician and uh I have generally been at places where teaching was not
Required either as a basic science at a medical school or at a basic Research Institute but I did a survey just a rough survey of American Nobel prizes and more were won by scientists in basic research institutes and medical schools then were one in universities now I didn’t normalize Pro properly and
So on so it could be a mistake there but places like uh AT&T Bell Labs IBM Labs medical schools in the United States and places in England like the medical research Council probably the Chinese Academy of Sciences these places are very special because your primary role
Is to do Innovative basic science at a university your primary role is to educate teaching so it’s complicated anyway that’s just as side right good good very very good very good yeah yeah yes yes yeah yeah we discuss a lot you know between fundamental basic research and applied research I probably want to
Highlight uh today’s uh me Trend you know manufacturing is geared towards sustainable production so sustainability is a key driver for Innovation today in terms of climate protection and circular economy so so a strong Focus you know Mr nin you asked about BSF so we try to reinvent the process in order to reduce
The energy consumption and also reduce CO2 emission for the manufacturing process so for example we look into very different approach into making chemicals synthetic biology fermentation Etc and on top of that you know material because today we produce you know 200 million tons of plastics and the plastic
Pollution is a big topic today so how do we design this material to be S you know sustainable or designed to recycle or designed to biodegrade it so those are all very important topics for all very much so yeah yeah very good I think so you know um following your say uh sustainability
Uh uh kind of issue so I I think if we can put the our discussion more focusing on let’s say on sustainability on climate change on global warming type of uh you know in this field today so urgently uh facing uh human being in the world so how in
This world in this uh in this sector can we can we discuss a little bit on how in this sector uh research development and academic and and the business can work together or what kind of Technology they can work together uh to promote you know in China
Today they very rigid uh standard on uh carbon um neutral uh carbon neutrality so uh I mean so for all the all the today all you the chemical I mean not not only chemical oil chemical other things every every sector of uh either it’s manufacturing or building or Transportation everything so the first
Standard is very much the carbon uh emission standard so because of that that that requirement uh they needed more technology to achieve that without achieving that uh you cannot really uh let’s say start a new project new project so there are many other kind of
Things I I I don’t know how many of our people today can are familiar with that that particular uh sector but I think it’s very good to using that as a as a sort of vehicle to see whether we can uh put at the research and application together yes
You you want to say Michael yes yeah I I think I’ve thought a lot about this and it seems to me that in in combating or finding alternatives to fossil fuel scale and cost are critically important so if you take solar energy uh on the one hand you might have breakthroughs in Quant
Mechanics Material Science and so on but basically the real breakthrough probably came from China’s ability to manufacture things well and cheap so as soon as the cost of the soda panel was cost effective compared to Fossil the whole situation changed and that’s something which happened around 19 around 2012
2013 prices dropped much more quickly than anybody expected so manufacturing is also a critical need this is neither necessarily basic science but good manufacturing is a very very important skill and you know climate science is scale you it’s not like making one and then it’s easy to make them you need so
Many turbines you need so many square Kil kilometers of solar panel you need so many reactors to make hydrogen uh so I think that it’s a different question and I think the real answer is it needs everybody yes go ahead yes start yeah so um about sustainability this is a a and
There’s a in my own country there’s a huge economic failure and it’s based it’s basically on the um government measures that are taken to promote um sustainability and so so uh economists you know who like of all of all Persuasions think that what the United States should do is have a carbon tax
Um a larged carbon tax and um and uh for good reasons and and the because it it promotes incentives to uh to develop the Technologies Michael was talking about and the sad thing is um although economic Experts of of all political Persuasions recommend it all of our political parties are against it
For against against the carbon tax okay so um so um so there’s a what I want to say is a big part of the sustainability thing can be uh U you know sustainability is partly a um scientific concept but it’s also partly a in a in
In my country it’s a a social economic about what is politically sustainable and what what you can pass through the kind of government we have so um so that so this is kind of like a you know a big puzzle is why why if uh if a well-managed economy would have things
Like uh carbon taxes it wouldn’t have some of the things that uh like a trade you do have a carbon trading today uh in some small in some places an example that those are good systems that that we’re behind um you know another thing is so Michael mentioned solar panels
Well you know you know our my government has put uh tariffs on on on solar panels which um yeah and and and at the same time from China from China yeah so um so kind of put everything on takes on China so so so what I’m trying to say is like this is
Um there’s there’s kind of some social science that uh you know on a on a couple Dimensions like how do you um how do you communicate to to to people what good arrangements are to get better outcomes and you know you’re talking about Michael you know he talking about
The the the responses to uh in sanis were a big thing when these costs fell lots of things became you could scale things up well um uh incentives have a huge things to do about that and and the government you know of my country can screw up incentives with these tariffs
They’re very costly anyway that’s got that off my chest go ahead carbon H carbon yeah this is a um sort of a by chance just fall into my area of research so I mean the whole issue of climate change really is is mostly is carbon and of course carbon is not only
Issues and uh so it’s a is from really first Industrial Revolution last 200 years you emit such amount huge amount of CO2 you know asere which takes uh centuries to uh deg grade and CO2 probably you can degrade within maybe 100 200 years lots of other stuff
Hydrogen actually is a a very big greenhouse gas if you know we have leakage of hydrogen is not going to be resolved because it’s very light and so um so this brings to you another another uh something to do with the uh addressing that issue so something called responsible inovation uh so I
Just rais the question I don’t know how to resolve that I mean for example the the booming Ai and machine learning and autonomic Vehicles communication so those consumes a huge amount of electricity and today I think it’s uh about 10% of global electricity production projection for 2030 is about
20% 20 uh 40 is about 30% of incal production if efficiency not improved so that also brings other aspects of mining of precious metals which is for in naturalizers and hydrogen production and lots of other things about silicon based you know the solar panels and the wi
Turine which is a you know how to recycle stuff it’s not resolved so plastic stuff is good and but we there lots of issues about teom for example it takes probably you know uh centuries to resolve that the plastic in in the se you know and also antibiotics in our system
So all those are all sustainable issues so um no you know the solutions or complete Solutions the moment so because that cost money to to do that and and uh so that’s actually needs sort of a global efforts in and also uh probably agreement on how we
Would just reduce that use of energy antibiotics and also the um you know many other things plastic even so so so I think the big prop Corporation in the past are responsible most of the chemical for example I’m not saying bu but not not so but they are responsible in many ways so
Just sort of adding few points here for inter any any yes go ahead yes yeah we talk about manufacturing process in order to reduce a CO2 emission we need to use a lot of renewable energy because it’s a scope to for too yeah you can’t you can’t just
Increase too much so in order to promote this green transformation actually we provide us a material solution so this is one Innovation Focus how do you make the solar panel more efficient in converting you know the light energy into green energy second for many process for example we’re in the
Chemical business you know the first step when you convert the fossil Fe stock into small molecules it’s very energy intensive so traditionally you use you know fossil energy you put natural gas to drive to crack down the big molecule but today we use renewable energy green electricity to you know
Conduct the chemical reaction so this is one of the big topic I mentioned we invest you know 50 100 million EUR every year just working on this process once we you know commercialize such a process theoretically you could have zero carbon emission if use green energy
If you use renewable Fe stock I will come back on that later because today of course if you want to have GDP growth you cannot do it without carbon at least for chemistry but the second step is more like a recycled Fe stock or buy a
Based Fe stock you know we talk about a lot of green hydrogen production today in China so one thing we do common way is just to watch electroly but this is also very energy intensive so all focus is on massing parsis so you only require 20% of the energy to generate Sim amount
Of hydrogen so this is a chemistry and once you have hydrogen you capture CO2 so this is again on the ccus you know technology loot yeah and then you synthesize methano and you correct meal you can produce C2 C3 again it’s a traditional chemical value chain so CTIC
Is possible but the economic is not there so you know so prefer you talk about carbon tax I think this is a big step forward you know or dream or vision is for anything you produce you have a footprint so whether it’s a car or chemical product is product carbon
Footprint so every product is labeled with product carbon footprint and we should have a National Standard how to calculate and we should have audited system and then we should also design incentive maybe carbon tax or maybe physical support Etc and once we have that we have Fair competition and then
Really we can Ena the green transformation you know I think it’s a is a carbon emission or CC us or carbon pricing or carbon fading is part of the part of the uh of the of the green energy process uh you know I mean all technology all all research uh is very
Much in the middle is driving force to to do that uh first you need this uh carbon transition uh not car energy transition you you you’re using let’s say you’re using new energy you’re using uh solar using wind or using Hy different kind of new technology uh to
To biotechnology even to to replace uh the fossil uh fuel which is step one secondly like BSF SF said you you you using less less energy less carbon uh and and in your manufacturing process then even after that even after the carbon emission you’re using using carbon capture carbon capture and the
Storage utilization things and then to to collect the the the the carbon from the air so all these things use technology research and in the beginning cost more you know like what a professor like you said you know you you you have to the low cost manufacturing is
Important this is a dilemma is is is what would happen here so I think again companies and and and research together have to work together to achieve that Kevin can can you tell tell tell us about your your company on on this uh what’s it recycling yes the uh
Uh you your technology too right recycle all this because right now people are willing to you the the big companies willing to use the the food paint products like uh they like apple they’re using the recycling materials to build the new products to for the use so I
Think uh this is like a reward system if you want to like a revolution to use the recycle materials you have to putting some new technology and new course and then this is for the like the reward is that maybe the government will charge the the the carbon uh tastic or
Something to get the reward back so I think U uh uh it’s a diff is very difficult to create whole R systems just while you use the uh because in recycle business you take a uh lots of investor for technology you want to get the less pollution to more clean and more
Efficiency to get the materials back including to how including the business model if we recycling this stuff compared to uh fight the M it will be more high cost so this uh uh this systems has to be like complete you need to we need a lot of like let just say
The the carbon tax or something to make it complete yeah you he is the younger generation you should care more about a sustainability is right yeah I think uh one more one like the uh like we say the basic science invest also the same thing if you invest on basic science it with
Reward is like longterm reward but uh why now Chinese uh talking about the basic scientist more and more than 20 years ago because we realize that if you don’t invest on the basic science we will not get the the longterm reward so I think uh just like every different
People are doing different kind of job uh in the in this uh subjects if just like us a startup company our Revenue just like two billion CNY is a small company and we we need to like uh to the focus the product first to invest on the
Product if you’re getting bigger if you are a government you have you can invest more for the basic science so I think uh if you can uh select different people are doing different things and then select a a good reward system I think it would be a it will be very
Grateful very good we I think we got a very good around of discussion uh we got also got a lot of interesting uh audiance uh sitting behind of us listening for the whole afternoon so there must have a uh many questions uh or interest uh to raise to to discuss from
The audence are they anybody want to raise a question or yes you want to yes go ahead yeah I I want to add something to this current discussion okay yeah I’m not an expert on on on this uh but I think uh as a uh citizen uh I think the issue of
Sustainability is very very important now uh you all talk about the development of uh new technology and how to recycle things that is all very important but also I think on the other hand we should also educate the general public of their lifestyle for example uh we should uh educate them to conserve
Energy uh maybe don’t use air conditioning 24 hours a day you can use fan and actually is healthier and that that’s been my my uh living style and also uh the amount of carbon emission of producing uh one pound of beef is much much higher than
Vegetable I I I do not have the correct figure I think but but my point is we can convince people to consume more vegetable uh and not as much meat actually that has there are many many uh research now supporting the health value of uh eating more vegetable so
So so that’s that’s the point I I want to make not just emphasizing on this uh Hightech uh technology and all that but also we need to educate the the general public uh on improving their Lifestyles and also use more recycle material thank you right yeah yeah yeah change the
Lifestyle to you say conserve uh energy right that’s right yeah yes it’s very fundamental but quite typical to let people eat L meet so uh I would like to add a one one point to this issue and uh I think uh you know uh our our uh panelist already
Uh discussed a lot and the uh and very fruitful discussion um is more relevant to to this topic I would like to encourage our entrepreneurs to have more entrepreneurship be uh you know more uh forward looking so for example we know in US uh quite a few companies invest automic fuel in
Technologies I just read the news uh China there is just one company uh investing in this field because I believe our uh you know trajectory I I believe uh our demand for energy will continue in increasing so so so I think uh uh rather uh you know save energ or or use
Or put a lot more R&D into uh renewable uh materials uh we should uh uh look at those new technology particularly automic fuing so so so so the point I want to raise I want to make is really encourage our uh entrepreneurs invest to this you know uh
You know very you know uh uh high risk I would say high risk but a high high reward field atomic fuing energy thank you you what you said is very much the the the the spirit we are promoting which is uh entrepreneurship and uh SCI scientific research uh together to work together
Yeah it’s good okay yes yes yes okay thank you may yeah give two two remarks uh I return to the topic about ESS and the useful I think this is very I think I should this is a very difficult issue in China because of the historical we have no the the culture always
Emphasized use useful so that’s the culture of China uh so to change the culture um I use one my my own experience when I when we invent the technology of structureal superity we hadn’t found any example of possible application of this kinds of Technology because this much smaller than exist
Products exist products always much larger than micro uh uh millimeters then the technology when we invent only the M micrometers so there’s not any application examples so we spend roughly four years is to find the the first possible examples so the problem in China so for
So so long time so no people have the patient to wait to invest so that’s the that’s the example so until you made some example then China can also for the for the invention very from the basic science to the products some example of success then will inspire
People to try to to try also to try so that’s the that we should have the education to people uh through the example of success so that’s we can we can also learn from the of course we can learn from the uh like U the US the ISA
But uh that’s the different culture so we should uh create uh the small ecosystem to help some example of success then we can change so that’s my that’s my point yeah you you you you go back to very fundamental uh cultural issue uh China has a long history but in business
Uh tend to be very s started so everybody want to find something very useful tomorrow and uh pay back very quickly so uh I I think in this in this regard uh I think we should learn more from the Western culture or from the resing institution on
A like Abra Einstein research uh only 100 years later we find them useful and I think it’s very fundamental but I don’t think we can solve the problem today here but anyway I still want to give time to the floor to the audiance uh anybody want to raise a
Question yeah I I I found a young girl over there want to speak do you want to give this one okay hi um I have a question about artificial intelligence I think Michael at the beginning of the panel um mentioned that artificial intelligence is not yet um there to create new
Knowledge just yet and given that it has limited mathematical reasoning capabilities is not likely to solve say Fusion tomorrow um so given that you are experts in your respective domain uh what are some of the um un currently unsolved problems that you think AI will
Be able to solve say in the next one to three years thank you can I answer that so I personally have been playing with chat GPT every single day for the last 11 months and uh while it’s maybe not very good by itself together we do great stuff
And I think that’s the key thing I mean I feel greatly boosted by it I think it’s something like a magic drink that makes you smarter and more creative and everything like that uh it it makes mistakes many of the mistakes I don’t see but when it makes mistakes in saying
That 31 minus 2 is 27 that’s easy to see it’s not good at arithmetic its calculus is quite good because it plugs into Wolfram Mathematica so the calculus is as good as Mathematica it excels at General logic so for example when uh Mr Shu uh gang
Hung asked about how many way how many Nobel prizes are involved in the smartphone I have a list of 11 already just coming out of chat GPT in one second please tell me this thing I think you have to play with it so you know
What questions to ask um but I think it has made me better in so many ways and I don’t care that it isn’t always right because even my best friends my smartest friends aren’t always right you know as a scientist you learn to cope with not correct information all the time it
Doesn’t really bother you but having an assistant like this is truly an incredible change and I just wish that everyone in this room could be playing with it Mr Sergeant yes yeah so so it’s a great question so so here’s how some um John V noyman
Thought he who was one of the inventors of computers and art he thought about the fing way so so go back to um 17th century where there’s um there’s uh Kepler and there’s Newton and what Kepler was doing Kepler would be uh ha really happy with uh so so so he had a
Bunch of a big table big data set and he was trying to get a an economical small number of parameters model that would explain planetary motions no Theory at all uh or the theory he had was bad but he curvefit he it took him 30 years and he fit curves
So there’s some I think they’re Chinese Scholars actually they about 10 years ago they did Big Data and they you know they did what Kepler did so so so machine learning and artificial intelligence very good at at you know taking big data sets and shrewdly fitting shrewd parameterizations they’re
Good at that what about Newton uhuh you know what that’s that’s where you need Michael that that you need he did something creative and he got something deeper where he could explain and give a give a plausible Theory about what generated and it’s that part you know that’s I I like
Michael’s answer because he because he’s kind of doing both things he he anyway so chat gtt can help him with some things it’s not going to help them with the anyway good good okay any any questions any further comments questions yes okay got a few who there
Yes hello uh my name is Lindsay I’m from Beijing working on a startup that tries to bring clinical evidence to the hospital beds a little quicker um so thank you so much for very inspiring talks on how to just do this bring uh clinical passion and research passion to
The Practical world and and building for the future uh my question is actually inspired by what Dr Love was just saying about uh diversity so two questions regarding this um I would love to hear what your take is on regarding um what academics and companies and Enterprises
Could do to promote uh women’s role in in in gender diversity and having a voice on something like this and furthermore um it is true that we’re seeing actually more women in Academia and more women uh starting their own startups so the the the dynamic of the gender makeup right now could change
Drastically in the future and how does that impact sort of the environment we’re in thank you my question still yours women yeah um we don’t get me started uh I think the she Symposium is happening tomorrow maybe today right now I yeah and you know um women
Are I would say just as good or better than men and the society which was set up to ignore that part of it is throwing away half its Talent so it’s a little bit like taking pills that make your IQ 50% rather than 100% on average or 100
Degrees I think it’s terrible I also believe policy on only women can use AI or something I don’t know I just think that as I said I like diversity you know I you you there’s a very have a slide on this three billion years ago male I.E a
Bacteria no diversity no gender no sex very boring 1 billion years ago man and woman suddenly you have gender sex and incredible proliferation of Life UK carots are everything that’s amazing in the world I think the next step is going to be man woman and computer and that is
Going to take us even further but I think the important thing is it’s not it’s not man or woman or computer or man it’s the combination combinatorics gives you a massive number of increased possibilities it’s a it’s a it’s a great way you know we only have
250 times more cells than the simplest organisms but we have incredible complexity that comes from the combinatorics so I think it’s the interaction that is critical it’s not any of them by themselves and I think biology decided that they needed diversity and this is why they invented two codependent species male and female
Um and we’re different because if we weren’t different there’d be no point in having two of them so diversity is incredibly important uh it’s also annoying I mean diversity means different countries have to fit together different nationalities different sports teams people don’t like diversity they like people that they can understand but
For the future it’s essential M you want to you want to a respond to the question too yeah so the same question I think the there’s lots of um discussion or actually legislation in Europe in the UK diverse we call it EDI equality um diversity inclusion uh I think the the this panel
Unfortunately we did we don’t have a woman on the panel forun sorry sorry so it’s uh it’s just unfortunate just by chance probably the Yeah by chance yes so yeah uh and uh the the one thing I want to add to Michael’s comment is about the future genders I think is
Probably more than just man woman computer there is a more about that yeah so and we have to choose the word word very carefully because I think we we’ll bend the law if I so so actually every aspect of the the from ground application to the Border
Rooms for for we need more you know race gender this sort of a diversity people across so if we don’t have that I mean it’s going to be not to working for example the uh people wouldn’t probably heard of that the Birmingham city was bankrupt just announced uh early this
Year because they didn’t pay women equally yeah so now they have to pay the penalty of last several decades which is a t of billions so just added to that so thank you yes you go ahead yes please yeah you tell us where you from um hard to
Tell where I’m from probably from China more than anything else okay what you do I do artificial intelligence my name is Alex and my first time I came to China was in 2001 in Shenzhen and it was a place when you know CH was just emerging everybody
Was working hard and it was probably healthier to smoke a cigarette than to breathe the air because it had a filter uh since then uh China has become better in every aspect of our life um even today when you cross the street you need to look around because you don’t hear
The traffic it’s already electric uh however if you look in the media especially Western media uh people associate China with you know things from the past uh with dirty factories uh unfair labor laws um most people have never been to China even though it’s very easy to go
The media and see the truth and when you run an international organization like mine it’s actually very difficult sometimes to explain why you why you bet so much China so I think the uh current geopolitical issues are more emotional rather than technological uh or economical so my question is how do we
Change that because Michael Helman today said very very clearly that you know nuclear uh War probability is not zero anymore uh it’s actually highest it has even been and it looks like it’s not um it’s emotional how do we change the image of China and US relations and ensure that the countries collaborate
And we achieve um friendship through friendship you ask uh which uh like what do we do to make you you ask Mr s Mr I’m asking the panel the panel okay do you want to say something Mr Sergeant you I said something up to you uh WLA helps a lot uh that’s true
Yeah yeah good good I think it’s a weit China more I people should visit China more before they comment on China how do we make them visit China more is is there Freedom they can go they they can visit so it’s communication I understand each other is
Very very fundamental thing today so you know many many things we can talk about the whole day but very short word WLA busy China then you get a fair idea Fair View I can okay maybe I yeah I come from Shin yeah I definitely agree with
Your view about shin uh I have to know that I also has a program in chinga shenen International grad school his aim is to absorb uh 25% of its students internationally so I Al I I I got four uh SP uh scholarship I don’t know uh lecture Professor
Right they because of the uh pandemic up to now I set up the the the fund up to now only they only recruit one so anybody can can help uh chin shinen International grad school to recruit why why there no application uh because of pandemic the the communication is
Interrupted and also maybe it’s uh it’s a new uh Institute so here yeah yeah um so China do want more at least I know in in shinin China uh local government do want more people come come to China right is a form you can you can follow or you can all the
Work wa is doing today is helping the communication exchange of ideas and Technology even uh there are many other reasion you talking about geopolitical issues you talk about ideology talk about trade issues militaries many many other issues we conso them today but what we can do today is we can say can
We let’s talk to each other more can we see each other more can visit it more understand more yes Michael you want to say something yeah I wanted to say that I think right now we need to have more bridges between east and west or between any countries and bridges are not necessary
You know a thousand people and a thousand people one person who was involved in both positions can be a bridge I think that uh there’s a lot of political forces I think it would be wonderful if somehow all politics could be the volume could be turned down by a
Factor of 10 and and uh much too high volume politics in all directions but I think it’s things like w it’s meetings like this I think people really do have very strange misconceptions and uh you know I I spent a lot of time in China
Because of my wife and it feels to me like being in France or New York or anywhere else I feel very natural here I don’t speak Chinese but my phone is really really good I love you know all the technical things but then I was at a
Meeting in Hong Kong two weeks ago and uh the Western visitors refused to bring their own cell phones and they refus to bring their own computers they brought burner cell phones and burner computers and I said you know you so important that anyone wants anything you have and
They were scared because the IT department in the University said we advise you not to take your information so the official line has become very discouraging but I think you know in some ways everyone here has made that decision to be in both worlds and I think we are very important and there
Will be a critical number each of us is is doing something for this but I I think uh you know a big big I I don’t see any big solution that will happen except well there are big Solutions but it would be very unpleasant uh I often tell people that
The person who did most for us science in the H of last century was Adolf Hitler he did more for us science than all the Americans by sending all those smart Europeans to United States so you know if China was really lucky a bad US president could be very good for you but
It would be terrible for the world I mean the second world war wasn’t fun um and you know saying anything nice about Hitler from me a Jew is not something you want to do but populations move around the world and it seems to me that uh an awful lot of American
Chinese uh have come back to China recently um it’s partially attraction but it’s also partially repulsion it’s a very complicated situation and I really believe very much myself in a global world where everything gets along well and you know global warming is the problem that requires the global world
So you know maybe we we don’t you know it’s but I think it’s a very important thing that every one of us has to think about so in my own case uh I maintain a very strong connection with Stanford University I have a grant from the NH I
Spent a larger part of my day telling them what I’m doing here Di ding but I have no problem I’m not doing anything that I is wrong and they understand this so it’s it’s important to have bridges that have a foot in both sides not to
Move to China not to move away from China but to try to live in both worlds let you do Alex at one more point which is a disinformation misinformation lots of them in the media maybe both side could have some mechanism to clear clear the medium
And that actually helps create a lot of hate and uh so the so one of the I mean this is challenging but I think it can be done particular with AI and these sort of things and so if there working group across to side that probably not only the US China probably European
Countries some count as well are but hostile from time to time so just one point to add to that yes yeah I think that uh for for U getting international relations better an extremely important element is uh for uh different cultures to learn that they can learn from each other and uh
So by now I interact with many Chinese people and so I can say that uh I can draw a full list of things which I think we Western people could learn from Chinese people on at the beginning the the sheer factor to learn from others so in fact I really admire
The way China and Chinese people has accepted to learn so much from the west and I think that we Western people should begin to adopt this attitude U and I I will uh uh give a just an example uh which is a a character of this conference we have it is a non-specialized
Conference and in fact it happens that just three months ago I was also in China in Beijing for another conference it was also a non-specialized conference and in fact it makes me remark that uh in the west it uh never happens and this is very important
Because uh of course in research and uh uh we need specialization in order to to to become deep to be serious uh but so it is needed but at the because of that the academic world becomes extremely specialized so for instance I have been used for many years to attend conferences in mathematics
Which were incredibly Technical and specialized so that the talks could be understood only by people working in the very same subject and but um so there are all these Specialties but at the same time there is only one word and so this means that we need specialization but we also need
Universality and uh it seems to me that in the present world at least in the west this Dimension has been at least partly forgotten and it is striking for me to see that in China you are trying to take care also of this Dimension and this is most important because
For just one hour ago you have brought the question of sustainability are are are you living in China no no I am I am living in Paris but as I told I I by now I am an employee of huwe so I interact a lot with Chinese people people and I
Travel to China from time to time and so I I realize how much I can be learned but so here I am giving this example and so and the question of sustainability just as any concrete important question is a global question it is not it it cannot be solved by only
One science only one domain and so this means that universality is needed and and by the way universality is in the very definition of universities the world University was chosen in the Middle Ages precisely for that but this Dimension has been largely forgotten in the west and
So I I just remarked that here in China it is it is better take going go off good uh yes last question do you do you want to raise okay go ahead I’m graduated from Fooda University and now starting my business focusing on how to use Behavior art into
Mental well-being and we can see from the table and most of the money and the time were invested in stem and will you invest your time in money into psychology because psychology is also science and why or why not yeah that my question uh you mean Psy psychologist and entrepreneur answer my
Question thank you you what what what’s your question is psychology research you said what did you say yeah a psychology is also a science of course yes but most of the money will not invested in this area and I’m focusing on starting bus people do not spend uh like more money on on
Psychology yeah I hope and Will you invest your money or and will the scientist invest more time on the research and development on this are yeah I think you are so right I mean psychology is is very important part of the management uh we’re talking about
The you know uh sort of a Human Resources team building uh you know personal let’s say all all this motivation things uh very much related on on psychology actually a lot of uh lot of uh companies uh when they do their searching on Executives or their selection of their management or
Evaluation of of the of the management potential ability psychology is a very important part of it’s a self motivation self discipline self awareness all the kind of things so I I don’t know how can I I I I I think companies in the management part very much treated psychology or human uh
Brain uh very very seriously very important hopefully we can spend more time or money in the future uh to to make psychology more supportive or useful to the management science yes I’m now yeah I’m now like concentrating on creating interesting creativity of course yes true yeah yes
Thank you last question from there okay okay you raise your hand many times yeah go ahead hello my name is Li I come from sh and I myself as um an entrepreneur sitting in the audience I also want to share several words it is quite pitiful
For me that I cannot speak English but I myself is a good friend of Mr Shu Hans and today I’m here participating in WLA I have to say I’m really quite Pleasant because I myself comes from the Enterprise so I do not have any questions to be raised but I want to
Share with you my personal feelings I myself as a student as well sitting here taking courses and the today’s topic is World Humanity science Enterprises and surrounding these keywords I want to share with you my personal feelings that the world is consisting of human beings human beings need civilization civil civilization
Needs to be supported by science science needs scientists scientists needs we have the spirit of scientists and the world needs development development needs economy economy needs Enterprises Enterprises relies on entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs need entrepreneurship so today at WLA Forum scientists and entrepreneurs are shaking hands and also doing something great under such turbulence
World surrounding by those top talents figuring out for Humanity Enterprises civilizations I think it is really quite excellent for us to have all of you here so and I want to say and on behalf of the audience here I hope that this forum will continue we hope all of you the Nobel
Lawat and the entrepreneurs that come to the wa where I heard Shan we have 300 scientists and on the second turn and offline and uh 100 scientists every time when we have so many successful entrepreneurs and make a sponsorship and make a donation and also government organization well I believe that this is
A great contribution to the world and to the companies and to the society um why actually I’m not asking any question I’m just saying that uh all of you all the scientists entrepreneurs you are you are key you are key and you are opening all the locks and these
Locks in the past were not open but with you you help us open all these locks I hope the W will continue this is our responsibility thank you I think we are our our round table discussion almost come to an end I I hope to say I thank you all for your
Participation I particularly thank all the panelists uh particularly all the uh Nobel laan uh for your generous time contribution and uh for your participation and very engaged uh discussion so we all learned uh particular honor to do this because I learned many very much from you and uh I
Hope our audience also enjoy our time uh I agree with the your suggestion so WLA is so important meeting and uh to engage uh to organize all the people together entrepreneurship s science and also globally uh from different areas and different countries so so hopefully we can uh uh
Continue this uh next year and uh I I think it’s the waa is very much give us a very good platform uh for us to exchange ideas understand each other understand China understand science and uh contribute to the common uh well-being of a human being so thank you
All I hope we can see you again next year thank you thank you thank you