The Birthplace of Locomotive Manufacturing | Railway Architecture | FD Engineering

The Birthplace of Locomotive Manufacturing | The Architecture the Railways Built | FD Engineering

Watch more ‘The Architecture the Railways Built’ episodes here:
Forth Bridge – An Engineering Wonder: https://youtu.be/AOwtB80NIsU
Manchester – A City Transformed by Railways: https://youtu.be/Y0Yvx5gF3w4

Railway expert Tim Dunn visits stations, viaducts, signal boxes, tunnels, pedestrian passages and workshops among other stunning structures that owe their existence to the railway.

In this episode, Tim Dunn explores the birthplace of British locomotive manufacturing – Leeds, starting at the Round Foundry.
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“Engineering: the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building and use of engines, machines and structures.” So says the Webster definition. Our newest Free Documentary family member Free Documentary – Engineering is all about engineering – and bringing our community the best documentaries on engineering.

when the railways began to spread more than 200 years ago their impact on architecture was nothing short of revolutionary to serve these marvelous machines whole new kinds of buildings sprang up from the outlandishly ornate the things you find on buildings to Hidden gems I never thought I get to see this and rail my wonders of the world now this is what I call extreme train sporting now with privileged access we are singing oh my goodness and rarely seen designs oh this is the famous watercolor I want to show you how each and every one of these remarkable structures tells the story of how the railways have changed the way we live you’re standing in the middle of History forever [Music] today I explore the Yorkshire birthplace of Britain’s locomotives and live out a Boyhood dream may I come aboard fireman certainly we delve into a West Yorkshire town which has been on the railway map since 1844 attracting some illustrious historical guests it’s estimated that 60,000 people were brought to Halifax just to come and see the visit of the Prince of [Music] Wales and at the National Railway Museum we’ll be dishing up the facts about dining on the move you might have had Splendid wooden tables maybe of Mahogany it’s a really Grand s of dining space like a Georgian country Mansion for the first class passengers join me as I explore the architecture the railways built when the first steam Halls timetabled passenger train arrived in 1825 it changed Britain forever but to really understand this ingenious evolution of engineering Brilliance we need to track the legend back even further right back to its infancy and that journey of Discovery brings me to Yorkshire and the great city of [Music] leads [Music] more than 30 million passengers get on and off at the city’s Mainline station every year but I wonder how many of them know just how important the city is to the history of the railways across the [Music] world arriving at this railway station with its mish mash of architectural styles you might be forgiven for thinking that this is why I’m here but I haven’t even got time to stop today because this City’s Rich Railway history is much more far-reaching than one passenger railway station [Music] alone just a half mile south of the station is a place of huge significance to the entire Railway industry this is the birthplace of commercial locomotive manufacturing sure it’s a media hub and a lovely Pub Garden nowadays but John McGoldrick from the Leeds industrial museum is going to show me where their magic began well thank you so much bring me along to a pub today John but I’ve got a funny feeling it wasn’t always that was it not time this was the round Foundry which was at the very epicenter of leads Manufacturing an industry one of the early buildings here was a grand three-story rotunda which sadly burnt down in 1873 but the Glorious details of its Origins are still very much on show here tall arched windows and chimney Stacks late 18th century iron and brick work even this one wonderful steel and stone inscription marking the rotunda’s footprint so how significant was the round Foundry the round Foundry was the first of its kind and it’s the location of the building of the world’s first commercial successful locomotive salaman in 1812 and I never knew that it was the first place that pull together all those different processes that would previously have been carried out in small workshops by different people so it really is the first in the world the first Railway works on the planet salaman was the first commercially successful steam locomotive a great example of British Ingenuity that transformed the movement of freight by rail so had any of these buildings been the ones actually salamano was built all these buildings surrounding us would have been contemporary with the building of of that locomotive and its sisters uh so behind you we’ve got the the green sand Foundry and that’s where some of the larger castings would have been [Music] made things like look motor frames axles and wheels uh behind me was the the dry sand Foundry which would have been used for probably for smaller components uh and they also had a brass Foundry on site as well so it was all very much integrated it’s an incredible feeling being in such a significant place in Railway history like many great inventions salaman was born from necessity local industry like the ceries had been completely reliant on horsedrawn wagons to bring their coal up from the pits and into town to sell but suddenly the cost of horsepower rocketed and a new Iron Horse was required the problem was uh were at the time of the Napoleonic Wars and there was such a huge demand uh on horses brought by the the military uh that the cost of horses and feed stuffs to fuel the horses had gone through the roof so it became really pressing uh that they came up with a a technological solution uh to get over this Hue they had that’s incredible and I already thought about that the fact that iron horses didn’t just replace them to make more efficient but because they couldn’t get enough horses absolutely it’s that simple you know it’s very much replac one form of traction with it with a a non-living form of traction as it were so how does the first commercially successful steam engine in the whole wide world get built in leads the head engineer of the Middleton Cy John blankin uh had seen other examples of of Railway locomotives being developed in different parts of the country um the problem with some of these early iterations was that they they broke the track that that they were running on the locomotives were rather too heavy or the track was too fragile from the Middleton cery just 3 miles south of Leeds blinkin soop had spotted to The Germ of an idea in these previous failed attempts he called in a pioneering engineer of the time with a reputation for Ingenuity a man called Matthew Murray this guy had demonstrated that he could think outside the box he could work flexibly um he’d come up with you know quite outlandish solutions that showed that he had the potential that develop something that could work on Railways like Elon Musk or Brunell of the day maybe absolutely you know not not put off at all by by challenges uh obviously have a very creative mindset some of the technology had already been pioneered by by other inventors um so he was kind of standing on the shoulders of other inventors in some senses he wasn’t shy about kind of Reinventing what people were doing after years of experimentation he cracked it from this Foundry Salam manka emerged it was the first ever locomotive to use two cylinders allowing it to pull a groundbreaking 20 times its own weight this was a whole game changer um the the engine they actually developed was five 5 ton engine it only had four horsepower so it wasn’t massively powerful but it was still capable of pulling 50 or so uh wagons of coal uh at a time so it was way more than had previously been possible as the birthplace of this world first in industrial design these buildings truly are hallowed Railway [Music] ground engineer Matthew Murray’s work here would not only go on to revolutionize how the railways were used but also gave birth to a world beating locomotive building industry centered here in leads and that industry massively expanded to the hunslet district of the city well John these look like just tracks off to Nowhere now but where do they want run off too well these were one of the many service tracks that ran in and out of the locomotive building works that all sprang up in the hunslet district of leads and look at this evidence wherever you turn of the big players from the area’s Loco building [Music] Heyday the success of Matthew Murray’s round Foundry brought a stream of other locco builders here to hunslet creating a Proto Silicon Valley for the railways nearly 19,000 locomotives were produced from just this one District this is the former offices of the hunet engine company and they were the longest lasting of all the Le locomotive building companies it’s a lovely thing I mean these buildings looked like they were kind of big solid Victorian commercial constructions that were meant to last right they were and they were reflective of the status of the companies you know they wanted to project who they were andly the Hun engine company were a major player in British industry so you know they had to have a premises like fit in the company so this little company from these offices and I assume kind of lots of Works behind it as well actually servicing huge parts of the world today there’s not much left from the early era just a couple of old Office Buildings this one has a rather Grand entranceway flat brick arched windows and Decorative Stone roof finals but take a look at these beautiful original architect’s drawings and you can see the vast scale of the area once occupied by Just One of the works the hunslet engine company during its 100-year history it alone exported more than 2,000 locomotives far and wide from this little corner of [Music] leads you can see the mid lead badge all over the world Le locomotive Builders exported to all corners of the globe so I was used to volunteer for a museum in sier Leone and we had engines built there from hudswell Clark of leads and actually hanssler as well yeah yeah they were very active in Sierra Leon in fact in 2013 I had the privilege of going to Sierra Leon myself there in their incredible collection I saw leads built locomotives which had not only survived four decades in an abandoned warehouse but also Civil War to when they finally stopped building steam engines here at hler it was surprisingly late it was in 1971 uh and hunet exported their last steam locomotive to the Republic of Indonesia formerly Java ironically the first locomotive they exported was also to Java so things come full circle indeed they do and on our round trip we’re now heading back to the very beginnings of successful locomotive travel just outside the city is the longest continuously running Railway in the world the Middleton Railway trains have run on part of this route for over 250 years this is the line the world’s first commercially successful steam Loco Salam manka was designed and built to haul colon now it’s run as a Heritage line hauling passengers rather than Freight it’s a lovely Railway it Ian Smith is the vice president of this record-breaking Railway in when did you first get involved in the Middleton Railway when I was a very young child 1960 just before he officially opened the railway acquired an old tram car and when that came they had to put the two halfes together which they did halfway up the the railway I used to go down to the bottom of the street where the railway was and there was this big hulking guy who was working on the railway and it turned out he was actually a lecturer from Le University guy called Fred Ule in the 1960s the planned route of the new m621 Motorway crossed directly through the Middleton Railway threatening to close it physics lecturer Dr Fred Ule saved it by taking stewardship of the Railway he reached an agreement to build a tunnel so the new road could be supported right across the top Dr Yu ran both Freight and passengers with a crew of volunteers most of whom came directly from his classes the people who were running it were students and they would they would run freight trains in between lectures and that was how the railway ran for several years and in fact the first couple of years they were dinging 10,000 tons of freight per year which was a pretty good thing for what you call amateur it’s an extraordinary [Music] story Ian began volunteering here when he was was just 15 and he’s still here 50 years later it’s through the heroic efforts of this Line’s long history of volunteers that the railway can still be enjoyed today maintaining its record-breaking status the line is clearly all still here it’s OB a Renaissance in recent years because I’ve read about this so many times so any chance of a look up it we can certainly can but we can do one better than that we have steam engine in Full Steam if you can get yourself your Bower suit on and your gloves you can go on the foot plate and have a ride on the foot plate how about that keep me away uh you know me I don’t need to be asked twice just need to Dawn my finest boiler suit and I’m ready to step up to the plate where engineer Jack Orland can put me to [Music] work may I come aboard fireman certainly welcome this Loco built in leads for industry has been lovingly restored by the volunteers here oh it’s warm in here right so what happens first take the handbrake off take the handbrake right this about six turns six turns feels about right yeah I usually leave the vertical that side and if you’re going to fall off you can grab it I’m hoping there won’t be any need for emergency Maneuvers but safely out of the shed this beautiful old Loco will need some more coal to get it up the line step forward fireman done you don’t have to throw it just tip it inside the door right okay that’s right you don’t need a shov full just a few just tip right right oh something a titf thunderbolt all right there we go yeah well done lovely Flames now the vital things always pressure water fire all right and we’re off if I look a bit like the cat who got the cream it’s because I’m in my absolute [Music] element once a hardworking industrial Railway the mile long route leading to the the old cery is now really rather beautiful so we’re heading up here now so it feels not very Urban at all it feels like a lovely rural environment yeah I think what you’ve got to realize is uh this was a a Cy Wasteland as far as you could see both [Music] sides it hardly feels industrial now right on this lovely Summer Afternoon it’s quite magical isn’t it it’s certainly is [Music] [Laughter] [Music] yeah it only takes a few minutes to cover the mile long ride from the depot to the old cery but I could stay on here all day thank you chap thank you very much what a treat that is on a very short piece of track but a really important one and a lovely ride a former industrial area now bit of Parkland and lovely views as well a piece of lead’s history with a great team behind it what cracking day I have an access all areas backstage pass to the National Railway Museum in York it’s an Aladdin’s cave full to bursting with items that tell the story of our wonderful Railway Heritage this is one of the many gems that resides here in the warehouse area of the nrm it’s a piece of Architectural Salvage a bit of a building that’s fallen or been changed and moved around this is a handmade stained glass window from rexam refreshment rooms and thank goodness it has been saved because it is glorious it’s beautiful and a reminder of a past age where we lavish time money and Care on passengers as they waited there for their trains with a cup of tea and just look how Grand so many refreshment rooms really once a while [Music] from these opulent station dining rooms to Luxurious restaurant carriages eating and traveling have always seemed to go hand in hand but the concept of dining on the Move had a bit of a shaky start and someone who knows all about it is Khloe Shields who is studying for a PhD with the museum she’s combining the studies of two things I love rail and food hello Chloe Hello nice to see you ni to see you too she’s pulled out some drawings which reveal how food on the railways has evolved all signed by isard Kingdom Brunell what are these lovely drawings on the table about these are of swinden station and Swindon refreshment room Swindon refreshment room was one of the oldest refreshment rooms in in Britain it was built in 1841 and it opened in 1842 so this is obviously a general Arrangement drawing of the station because this has only got four tracks one goes to a good shed there as well so this is early on but there’s refreshment rooms here very large things marked yes so there’s refreshment rooms on either side and the idea is that train for from either direction would be able to stop at the station by the time a traveler arrived in Swindon from London in 1842 too they would have been traveling for 3 hours so if you didn’t bring food with you you would be very very hungry by the end of your journey so who is building all these refreshment rooms and buffets and tea rooms on stations up and down the country I think it did really come from the raway companies the Great Western Railway wanted to build Swindon station and that included 300 cottages and refreshment rooms and station buildings they didn’t have the money to build all of these lovely building bus so instead they made a deal with the builders who were a Mr janc rby and the plan was that they would build these off their own back and instead they would get all the rents from the cottages and they would also get all the revenue from the refreshment rooms it sounds like quite a smart move you know early on a small Railway company trying to get his money together the railway Village that seems quite simple yeah but then there was something that was maybe not the smartest thing to do and they put in a special Clause that most of the trains that ran through Swindon station had to stop at the refreshment rooms for 10 minutes so that passengers could get off they could spend all their money in the refreshment rooms and get back on again so that the ri brothers would get more money so every single train from London to to Bristol is now stopping this railway station just to go into this refreshment room every train would stop is that unique to swinden or is that no there were refreshment stops across the country but they were not as frequent they were more for necessity they would stop in the middle of the journey it could be 20 to 40 minutes but swinden were known for being the shortest at 10 minutes they went and bought their food they then had to sit and eat their food and then run back on the train and there’s a lot of talk about the anxiety of waiting for the Bell to ring and a lot of complaints about potentially suffering from indigestion from eating too fast it wasn’t just the pace of eating the the punters had to worry about the catering got a very bad reputation they had a captive Market anyone who stopped in they had nowhere else to go to which then meant that the quality wasn’t potentially very good it was so bad in fact even Brunell the railway’s chief engineer remarked that the coffee tasted like it was made from roasted corn so this is the general layout of Swindon station but what have we got here this is a lovely design of the layout of swind refreshment rooms so you have the outside of the building here um and then you have the kind of plans of the layout of the inside of the building now this is exciting actually isn’t it because this really shows you a proper delineation of class systems here look look at this you’ve got first class over there second class there yes so the spaces were quite interesting the furniture in first class would have been upholstered in fine material you might have have had Splendid wooden tables maybe of mahogany whereas in second class it would have been a lot more simplistic all these supporting columns I can see or decorative columns perhaps looking like it’s a really Grand sort of dining space like a Georgian country Mansion for the first class passengers on as the 19th century Drew to a close we also see Buffet cars don’t we and restaurant cars starting to turn up did that change how people eat on the stations the first dining car was introduced in 1879 it was a invention of George Mortimer pulman who was an American inventor and entrepreneur and he invented the first one in Chicago in 1868 and it was called the Del Monaco after the famous restaurant in New York and it took until 1879 for them to be introduced in Britain it was on a run from Leeds to London on the Great Northern Railway and it was an instant success it changed Railway catering it was luxurious people could sit and relax and eat a leisurely sixc course meal which was served to them by Dining Car attendants and conductors cooked by cooks and cooking assistants whilst they sat there and enjoyed their train journey thus solving the problem of Passenger indigestion Chloe thank you so much for these little insight and faets of Railway catering it’s really very fascinating perhaps should Inspire us that actually is a another level to Aspire to one day yes definitely to us to [Music] that 150 miles north of swindon’s Speedy refreshment rooms is another early pin on the railway map trains have been running to Halifax in West Yorkshire since the 1840s and there’s Railway architecture in the town which takes us right back to the very beginning Philip hell from the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Society is familiar with even the most overlooked examples of that architecture including this underpass neglected now but with a long history behind [Music] it what I see here is typical Railway Stone architecture huge Big Blocks with a flat Arch much smaller blocks forming the roof and then further back it’s a brick Arch which tells me that that part of the line was built after this one these blocks and Bricks reveal a bigger story too this underpass is the product of a battle for economic Supremacy in early Victorian Britain between the emerging force of Railways and the established power of the canal Network the canal companies in the 18th century were massively important they were as important as any institution in the country but it wasn’t until 1828 that the Halifax branch of the canal was built and although it was only 1 and a/4 miles long it actually cost £60,000 which was a huge sum of money at the time however the timing of that substantial investment in a Canal link to Halifax was quite unfortunate because trouble was coming down the line when the Railway arrived in 1844 it was a major threat to the canal business but this underpass reveals that in the competition against the canal owners the railways couldn’t strike an immediate knockout blow the canal companies demanded that the new train tracks didn’t prevent them from moving Goods in or out of Halifax the canal companies were concerned about the loss of trade and therefore they did ask the railway company to create this underpass this was the main access to the canal wols from the Town Center The Underpass also provided a route to the Grand Halifax Station and what a splendid piece of architecture that station still is today it’s Frontage a bold statement of intent from early rail companies announcing that they’re here to stay while its elaborate detailed decoration points to both their wealth and taste the railway came to Halifax first in 1844 and the station was about a quarter of a mile from here further south at a place called shawy but it was just a single line Branch to there and as business developed they needed a bigger station so they moved up here it was completed In 1855 and it really reflects the Grandeur and importance of Halifax as a town that building was the work of the Manchester architect Thomas Butterworth jointly commissioned by two companies the lanare Yorkshire Railway and the Great Northern Butterworth employed a version of the palladian style originating in Venice in the 16th century it had in turn been inspired by the buildings of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire it’s classical architecture isn’t it it’s very Grand it has all those columns it has the coat of arms above the Portico when first built there were Rose motifs above the entrance painted red on the side going towards Lancashire and white on the side pointing further into Yorkshire considering this building opened in 1855 it’s wearing wonderfully well and there’s a reason why it’s proven to be as tough as it is beautiful it’s built from hardwearing Millstone grit Sandstone which outcrops locally it really is Yorkshire through and through and it was this s stone that was used to build the town hall the peace Hall and the market and it was a landmark event for this Sandstone building Halifax Town Hall which placed unique demands on the town’s railway station probably the busiest day the station ever witnessed was the 4th of August 1863 when the Prince of Wales later to be king Edward the 7th arrived at Halifax Station to perform the official opening of the Halifax Town Hall The Illustrated London news reported that the welcoming party which included an artillery salute initially greeted the wrong train but that didn’t seem to spoil the day the langshan Yorkshire Railway handled at 358 trains over the weekend and is estimated that 60,000 people were brought to Halifax just to come and see the visit of the Prince of Wales Railways boomed in mid Victorian Britain with eager Travelers crowding platforms by 1870 the people of Britain were making 423 million rail journeys a year stations like Halifax had to adapt to cope with the Public’s demand for train travel as passenger traffic expanded they needed more platforms so they had to build out from the present station and instead of being the station entrance this Meer became a platform with a shed above it to protect passengers from the weather inevitably the number of coal powered steaming engines like this one passing through the station had an impact on the building leaving it suot stained and dulling its original Grandeur however restoration came when a new National Children’s Museum opened in Halifax in 1992 because this fine Victorian building was part of the project the result is a building to Delight enthusiasts of both Victorian Railway history and architecture too I love the station as it is now its original Splendor has been exposed and it reflects the importance of Halifax as it was in the 19th century and indeed as it still is [Music] today Halifax in West Yorkshire is a town with Sumptuous Railway architecture and a crucial industrial Heritage which takes us beneath these trees to explore these specially designed coal bunkers carved into the landscape in the 19th century the industrialists of the time wanted to expand production and make more profit and to do this they needed to have bigger boilers bigger manufacturing processors and that required more coal and more coal meant better transport and better access to it the railways delivered that coal to Halifax from the Yorkshire ceries but they needed somewhere for trains to deposit it quickly and and efficiently that’s why these specialist containers known as coal drops became operational in the late 19th century these Co drops were built because there was a need for them the volume of coal required demanded that there was a better delivery system and they laid many sidings of which the three nearest to the cold drops had open gaps between the sleepers so that the wagons could be shunted over them the bottom lever released and the C would just shoter out and into the shoots below the Cal drops here in Halifax were used for the last time in 1966 but unlike those constructed in other Yorkshire towns they’re still here the interesting thing about these coold drops is that they still exist the reason being that they’re in a position where there’s never been any need for any Redevelopment so we should count ourselves lucky to still have them these cold drops connect us to the railway history of Halifax and though hidden away they’re an absorbing part of this town’s great and enduring industrial Legacy 13 miles away in leads I have one final stop on my mission to uncover the city’s unsung role in Railway history it’s a quest that brings me right up to the present day just east of the city Neville Hill Depot may look unassuming but it plays an absolutely vital role for Railways today and has done for 120 years here by Night teams maintain the Rolling Stock which serves the lines from leads all over the north of England Depo manager Peter cooling is taking me on a rare tour of this very special place [Music] okay Tim uh we need our PPE when we’re going into the shed so uh bum caps on great and we’re going in here oh very exciting oh wow here we are Tim this is part of the 1899 steam shed this is extraordinary I you’re still using it today still using it today yes the site was redeveloped in the 1970s to service high-speed trains but they’re not the only Railway vehicles to occupy this lovely old steam shed you guys are doing a huge range of work here on site aren’t you for lots of different classes of train yes we have at least nine different fleets that come through here every night that’s extraordinary so what actually happens in this shed just about everything happens in this shed in here at the moment we’ve got the class 225 Fleet we’re doing the full maintenance on this train we’ve got The Brak pads to examine the wheels the tires the general underframe of the vehicle to make sure it’s safe we have have to do that every day so if your car gets anot once every year our trains get anot around about every 10 days it’s quite remarkable to imagine the hundreds of thousands of vehicles and centuries of Railway history that have passed through [Music] here well these have been coming here since what the 1980s but you’ve been servicing engines and locomotives here at Neville Hill since what far beyond that what features can I say now that are actually original most of the walls in this area of the depot are the original 1899 building there is Brick worker behind me that is original and the arch just to my left is original and in this shed there were turntables with tracks radiating from it which are all gone now unfortunately but there were two turntables in the space that we stand in today the huge turntables were vital to man maneuver the heavy Locos into place for repair then get them back out onto the [Music] line it’s rare to find them in operation fortunately outside the shed Peter has something of a surprise for me I can see the boys now just turned up looking like they’re ready to over operate the turntable so with 08690 on it can we see it actually indeed you ready let’s go go let’s go now this is electrically powered now right it is indeed they’re being lazy they’re not doing it by hand no the hand ones there just in case we get a power cut hopefully we don’t see that very often this turntable is one of the last in existence at an active Depo so it’s a real joy to watch it in motion you don’t think about turntables still being critical the success of modern passenger train out there when the highspeed train came it’s going to got one driving position yeah so if you take it off one end and you need it on the other end you need to be able to turn it through 180° and put it back to the other end of the train this turntable gives us that facility as you can see it is an adrenaline sport for many of them it almost turn it around now say almost the race is on yeah very very close few seconds going into position right now A Thrill Ride Like No [Laughter] Other but Peter has saved the best bit of the tour until last this is the original steam shed that has gone more or less unchanged for over a hundred years feels are very old and the smell of the of oil and the grease and it feels so vocative in the steam era I think we’re probably standing in my favorite part of the depot this is where the really heavy stuff gets done this is an area where the high speed trains would come into we Chang the engines we Chang the cooler groups we Chang the boggies we change wheel sets in here and behind you you can see a high-speed train engine complete with its alternator that has just come out of a power cap wow it’s good engineering work and I like that from Murray’s round Foundry via the Middleton Railway Neville Hill is the modern evolution of over 200 years of lead’s locomotive history Peter has retired twice but just can’t seem to stay away what brings you back to Neville Hill it’s a fantastic Depot and it’s more about the people there are a few employees here where their fathers have worked here and their sons work here or their daughters work here here so there’s a lot of people that have got Generations at Neville Hill it’s that personal passion for the railways that so often keeps them alive from the day-to-day maintenance of our modern-day engines to the loving care of a Heritage line and to find so much of that passion here in leads is a real Joy it’s been an absolute Delight to to explore just how many Railway firsts this city has to its name and I’ll tell you what I reckon that leads deserves to be far better known for [Music] them [Music]