Загадки человечества с Олегом Шишкиным — Карательная кулинария 29 05 2024

Загадки человечества с Олегом Шишкиным — Карательная кулинария 29 05 2024

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1) Кокентрис или «свинопетух»: странные блюда средневековья!
2) Охота за слезами «млечного дерева». Как каучуковая лихорадка изменила историю Бразилии?
3) Под ударом звезды по имени Солнце! Из-за чего на поверхности светила происходят выбросы энергии, сопоставимые по мощности со взрывом миллионов водородных бомб?
4) На войну как на работу! Как немецкие ландскнехты превратились в бандитов?
5) Вагоны сошли с рельсов и упали с 10-метровой высоты вместе с пассажирами!
6) Что стало причиной одной из самых смертоносных аварий в истории американских горок?

Загадки человечества с Олегом Шишкиным — Карательная кулинария
Карательная кулинария Загадки человечества с Олегом Шишкиным

[music] today in the program many fighters suffered from post-traumatic syndrome and six committed suicide Why did the entire garrison of UN peacekeepers surrender to us in the Congo Why did the German soldiers Uda what kind of OBD did the Balearic washerwomen perform before the battle fainted and passed out again Why on the American on roller coasters, even daredevils sometimes lose consciousness who doctors advise to avoid this attraction What terrible tragedy happened in an English amusement park and how many lives are ruined Bosha prepares an Eskimo dish kiwiak which is eaten exclusively in the fresh air in which restaurant they serve ant sauces and chocolate-covered cod skin and why not everyone could survive the medieval Feast all the most interesting things in the mysteries of humanity only on NTV one of the best restaurants in Miran, an establishment serving Scandinavian cuisine in Copenhagen will stop operating at the end of the year and the point is not that customers no longer go there in front of the line of gourmets at place However, the owner decided to completely change the very concept of the restaurant and turn it into a food laboratory whose employees will develop new tastes. The process will be led by chef Rene Redzepi what dishes he has already shocked visitors at the World Cup are the principles of the so- called punitive cooking and why not everyone succeeded in the Middle Ages survive the Feast is one of the dishes served in a Copenhagen restaurant; a deep-fried duck wing on a stand in the form of a nest looks creepy because the bird’s plumage remains untouched; a Scandinavian restaurant in Copenhagen is considered one of the best in the world; the establishment has a unique menu and unusual presentation ; the delicacies that are offered there can to shock even sophisticated gourmets in the same restaurant there is a dish, for example, cod skin in chocolate. That is, you eat fish skin covered in chocolate. Or for example, there are ants swimming in the sauce and you take this Magic bread, which is made directly using certain technologies, it reminds you a little bit of moss. dip in this sauce with ants and that means when you eat it it gives sourness and you get a unique taste. In the Men restaurant there is also a fried reindeer heart on plates and fresh pine and baked potatoes filled with fermented pea soup. And on the horner they serve what many and in It wouldn’t even occur to me to try wild herbs, roots, moss and even lichen, even the Kirov field of my Ren, that ’s why they come here, but the original recipes of some housewives are shocking no worse than the creativity of a Danish chef on the Internet you can find many examples of punitive cooking, as they jokingly call it homemade dishes that look so strange that they kill your appetite It’s not entirely clear when this term first appeared But if we go back to the origins, this phenomenon was first described in this way in 2014 on one entertainment resource then Remy’s people with photographs sandwiches with sprats dried with minced meat salad in the shape of a hedgehog jellied sausages pies in the shape of dead rats a crazy combination of ingredients and a strange design of the dish These are the basic principles of punitive cooking of the Armed Forces, what in appearance looks like something eche and in taste is this karate linari we call rera This is a mockery of cooking because in fact this mockery is considered to be in Russia punitive cooking appeared thanks to Soviet holiday feasts. During the times of the USSR, housewives were especially inventive; they themselves came up with some recipes based on available products and tried to surprise. They made bunnies from eggs, stars from carrots and sausage roses. The gastronomic traditions of the Middle Ages can rightfully be called punitive cooking in the literal sense. of this word, they did not prepare cooks for the European nobility. Several centuries ago, during the festive season of Perov, the tables were literally bursting with unusual dishes from the culture of food consumption. This is the first second third. As they say compote, this was not the case; they ate everything at once, put everything on the table and therefore ate everywhere with their hands from everywhere As they say, I eat as much as I want, people with poor health, a bad stomach and a weak heart could even die during the feast; a popular delicacy among European nobility were fried swans in a fur coat; the skin of a killed bird was carefully removed so as not to damage the Opera itself boil or fry the carcass, then they put the skin with feathers on it again, this was called a fur coat, they prepared peacocks with peacocks in a similar way, they did everything the same, the only thing is that they were also placed on their legs, so of course from the outside it looked like the dish was as if they had put a stuffed animal on your table, but gastronomic tastes the Middle Ages left much to be desired as a snack. These are small rodents similar to field mice. It is believed that the recipe for their preparation was invented by the ancient Romans in the fall. Dormouses were caught and fed all winter. Well, when the time came to stuff them [music] not only with bread but also with spectacles to surprise and amuse them I miss the audience , they put a live pie on the table, it was prepared from a very dense dough in the form of an empty box without a lid, the top was baked separately, then all the parts were put together, and instead of filling, live birds were stuffed inside, usually Drozdov. At the moment when the dish was served on the L and cuts this pie of all sorts. pch sharply from this pie for the amusement of the nobility directly, so it was not just some kind of gastronomic dish, it was a dish, as we like to say today, show presentation. But even a living pie looked inconspicuous against the background of a dish called contri, this delicacy of the Middle Ages was considered almost the main thing table decoration, but these days it would definitely be classified as punitive cooking. Comte was made from a pig and a rooster; their carcasses were cut in half; the upper part of the animal’s body was boiled; a real Monster was added; skilled cooks carefully connected parts of the carcasses ; the seams were masked in every possible way; they were covered with dough; painted with all kinds of dyes, people were delighted because they had a mythical creature on their plate. Another dish that delighted Europeans was incomparably hot, as it was called by the French gastronome and culinary critic of the century, Alexander Balthazar Grimaud de Lanier, this delicacy was prepared from 1 species of birds, bustards, turkeys, pheasants, quails blackbird and other carcasses, cleared of feathers and bones, were placed inside each other according to the principle of a nesting doll and baked or fried. There is also such a dish, it exists in Dagestan, I failed, this dish is made by only three or four birds, and there they take the largest turkey; the goose is inserted directly into the turkey there is a duck in the goose and a quail is inserted into the duck, well, it’s interesting but it’s not clear that all the meat is mixed when it’s all cut and you get four types of meat in one plate. There’s an unusual stuffed dish, and among the indigenous peoples of Greenland it’s called kivik, but try this delicacy, they make it from several Hundreds of guillemots or guillemots are not gutted or even plucked, but are immediately placed in a seal or walrus carcass, after that it is pulled off from this carcass with a rope and buried in the ground under a press, and then it’s all in the ZPC slowly decomposes into the belly of a sea animal when the cooks claim Mos and they understand that the kiwi is ready, they dig up the carcass, cut it up and take out fermented poultry meat, it tastes like spicy spoiled cheese, they eat this dish only in the fresh air, otherwise you can suffocate, a specific and extremely unpleasant smell comes from it. Further in the program, under the blow of a star named… why do energy emissions occur on the surface of the star , comparable in power to the explosion of millions of hydrogen bombs ? Why do satellites fall due to solar flares? carriages collided with rails and fell from a ten-meter height along with passengers. Master of the Mind in Canada why, in spite of nari, visitors line up for Scream cars all the most interesting in the mysteries of humanity in a few minutes only on [music] NTV in February 2024 on an attraction in the Spanish amusement park Port Aventura A tree fell, it all happened due to strong wind branches injured roller coaster visitors at least 14 people were injured, two were hospitalized in critical condition how often accidents occur in amusement parks how great is the threat of sudden cardiac arrest due to an overabundance of thrills What terrible tragedies happened on roller coasters this guy’s friends persuaded him to ride on a roller coaster and in vain during the ride the young man screamed loudly lost consciousness came to his senses again screamed and fell again fainting finish he arrived Without feelings and opening his eyes did not immediately realize that it was finally over there are a lot of such videos on the Internet on Scream cars, this is also called a roller coaster, even daredevils lose consciousness, but Why does loss of consciousness most often occur during overload? This term is loss of consciousness during overload. was introduced first for pilots and astronauts, those people who want to tickle their nerves with the impact of rapid ascents, dizzying descents, sharp turns, visitors to the roller coaster sometimes experience the same overloads as astronauts. Not every body can withstand this without consequences; at this moment the blood flows sharply from the head to the feet and the person falls into the opo, first color vision is lost and then the ego of vision appears, vision disappears completely and sounds disappear and the person loses consciousness, but fainting is not the worst thing that can happen to a person on a roller coaster, doctors say the ride is deadly for people with a weak heart German cardiologists conducted an experiment in which 40 men and 20 women participated. Volunteers were sent to ride a roller coaster before the ride; immediately after it, their blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Despite the fact that all participants in the experiment were healthy, they experienced serious disturbances in the rhythm of the heart, that is, for For healthy people, such attractions are quite safe, but if there is some kind of arrhythmia, this can lead to very sad consequences and even death. But despite the possible health risks, people in the Armed Forces still line up for roller coasters. Only in the USA there are about such attractions and every go Iht nice Why is the Scream machine so popular according to psychologists people go there for sensations that they cannot experience in everyday life, first they experience fear in anticipation of what they are about to ride on this slide and then they experience stress Yes which causes a sharp influx of adrenaline and this includes rapid breathing and a rush of blood, then when it all ends, a certain euphoria comes, notes that on a roller coaster a person experiences a feeling of false danger, that is, he understands that nothing threatens his life, he is fastened to the ride. It works properly. But despite this, the heart still sinks into the heels and many people really like this short-term feeling, but Scream’s cars sometimes kill people in these shots Swedish amusement park Gröna Lund in the summer of 2023 here is one of the cars on a roller coaster at full speed Sol from the rail and people just fell out of it one woman died nine were damaged from there are three of them extremely severe injuries similar accidents happen in amusement parks around the world, according to official data, only in the United States more people die on rides every year, but even a fatal accident cannot discourage people from their long-standing love of roller coasters. The first screaming machine appeared in the United States in 1884 in park on the Coney An Peninsula in New York, it was designed by the American inventor Lamarcus Edna Thompson, the idea to create such an attraction came to him during a trip to the mining town of Maw Chunk in Pennsylvania, where there was a railroad built at a large slope, initially it was intended only for transporting coal. Doro trolley is one use of trolleys on weekends, they were rented by vacationers who simply wanted to ride in these trolleys for their own pleasure, and this is where the history of the roller coaster began; the attraction very quickly gained popularity by the beginning of the century in the United States, several dozen roller coasters were built, one of the most extreme hiring more Medis vr Nima lined up to ride with Veterok in wooden trailers along steep winding slopes, but on July 24, 1930, the cries of joy there gave way to screams of horror, the ride suddenly broke, one brake pad flew off due to a loose bolt and caught on the wheel at that time four the carts flew off the rails, three of them overturned and fell from a ten-meter height, pinning people under them, four people including a fifteen-year-old teenager were killed, 17 more were seriously injured at that time it was the deadliest accident on attractions in the United States; its cause was recognized as poor maintenance of the attraction and the authorities Omaha banned the use of the Big The Ursa Major park continued its work but without this, its most important extreme attraction. However, it lasted only until 1940, after which it was closed by an ominous coincidence, years after the tragedy in Omaha, another attraction called Ursa Major, in which the lives of several people, the tragedy happened already in Great Britain in London’s Battersea Park , as well as in Nebraska, the roller coaster was the most favorite entertainment of visitors; the steep descents from a height of 15 m and the ride through a dark tunnel were breathtaking, but on May 30, 1972, a terrible thing happened; the carriage went off the rails and hit a barrier; the other two carriages crashed into another a stationary train and a disaster took the lives of five children; 13 more people were seriously injured after a terrible accident; the big bear was immediately dismantled. And after 2 years, other attractions had to be removed from Battersea Park because of the incident on the roller coaster, the British began to bypass this place now in the London park Bathers no longer reminds anything of either the Big Dipper or the tragedy that occurred here; another fatal accident on a roller coaster occurred in the Canadian city of Edmonton; the Mind Master attraction with three loops and a height of more than 40 m was located under the roof of a shopping center on June 14, 1986. Scream’s car suddenly turned into a death machine as a result of a combination of improper design and improper maintenance one of the trailers came off the rails, the fastenings there were loosened. They fell out of it and ended up on the concrete floor . There were four friends in the trailer. Only one family of chaikos survived. After the accident, he lay in bed for more than six months. hospital with numerous fractures of the ribs of the arms and legs, the doctors had difficulty putting him on his feet. Chaika spent decades trying to have a memorial to his dead friends appear next to the deadly roller coaster, but the management of the shopping center did not meet him halfway after the tragedy. The Mind Master continued to operate; the attraction was closed only in 2023. Next in the program, a solar strike on a planetary scale, how flares of a hot star affect life on earth. Why, during the Carrington event, many thought that the Apocalypse had begun. What threatens the next peak of solar activity, which will fall in the summer of 2024; all the most interesting things in the mysteries of humanity only on NTV in 2024, inhabitants of the Earth may be left without electricity with such a frightening forecast made by the Spanish journalist and popularizer of science Daniel Media Villa. In his opinion, in the coming months, the long-term cycle of solar activity will reach its Peak; powerful flares will affect the operation of power grids around the world and humanity will plunge into a global blackout; are intense emissions really dangerous? energy from the surface of the sun actually What process did they actually use to produce the most powerful solar flares in history? This fascinating video looks like a scene from a science fiction film about space. But in fact, the footage shows a real flare on the sun; it was filmed by the American Solar Dynamics Observatory in April 2016 years, the images were processed and converted into high-resolution video on the surface of our star there are constantly energy emissions comparable in power to the explosion of millions of hydrogen bombs; these are solar flares; they last from several minutes to several hours; they occur for a complex of very complex reasons, the main one of which is the magnetic field of the sun lines in the Sun they move in a very complex way, they evolve during their movements and emissions, these flashes, flashes in the sun can be compared to a volcanic eruption, only instead of ash, during the explosion, streams of cosmic rays and various particles are emitted; they move at great speed towards the planets, including our first earth reach photons Elementary particles of light they reach us in just 8 seconds after the start of the flare we need to control this Well, the so-called [music] high-energy mass ejections from the outer atmosphere of the star erupt clouds of plasma consisting of electrons and protons they reach the ground within 1-3 days But how do all these processes affect our planet [music] various horror stories are told about solar flares, for example that a super powerful emission energy from the surface of the star One day it will destroy all life on our planet, and some investigators even say that bursts of solar activity somehow provoke epidemics, riots and wars, there was a work in which there was a correlation between the maximums of solar activity and wars and revolutions, for example, the Great French Revolution occurred at the maximum solar activity, evidence for this theory is also given by the wars of the first half of the 20th century; bloody battles took place at the peak of solar activity, but according to astronomers, this is nothing more than a coincidence; peaks of solar activity are repeated every 11 years; respectively, during the turbulent 20th century, for each maximum of solar activity, it was possible to find some large-scale global catastrophes Revolutions wars that as a result of solar flares a stream of radiation rushes to the earth, as is known in large doses, it is extremely dangerous for all living things. However, scientists say there is no need to worry about this for most people. Cosmic radiation does not pose a serious threat. The Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field Yes, these power lines do not come out of one position, the entrance to the radiation is precisely the X-ray radiation that flies from the sun, first of all, what we see, yes, it just gets into these power lines, so to speak, and they protect us from direct radiation from the sun, and also prevents the penetration of harmful radiation atmosphere of the earth But for those who are outside our planet, solar flares are really dangerous. The ones most exposed to the danger of solar flares are the cosmonauts on board the ISS. They are not protected either by the atmosphere of the earth or therefore the flares pose a great danger to them; cosmonauts receive significant benefits during their stay on the International Space Station. dose of radiation, powerful flares on the sun also affect the operation of spacecraft and satellites orbiting the Earth, the flow of radiation radiation can easily damage electronics and navigation systems. In addition, charged particles from the hot star Uvat, the density of the upper atmosphere of the plane from the heights and falls recently Elon Musk lost 40 satellites Yes, why because there was a solar flare that came to us and the engineers apparently simply did not take into account that the density of the upper atmosphere would change and the satellites would slow down and fall to the ground, intense solar flares cause a malfunction and in the operation of equipment on the ground, powerful emissions of energy from the surface of the earth can for a while , it’s time to pour on communications and even more, and the consequences that come to us from these flares, they absolutely reliably affect especially extended energy systems, that is, current generation occurs there due to magnetic induction, a fairly serious series of very powerful flares on the sun occurred in 1859, this phenomenon was included into history as the Solar Storm or the NNA event named after the British astronomer who discovered unusual solar activity. On September 1, Richard Riton saw a huge cloud of plasma burst from the surface of a hot star. After 18 hours it reached the earth, crashed into the magnetosphere and caused a powerful geomagnetic earthquake, then they thought that the end of the world had begun The Carrington event was so powerful that it caused a malfunction of the telegraph. In addition, it caused very powerful aurorae, which were observed not only in the circumpolar regions. But also in those years, auroras were never observed again. And in May 1921, a solar flare caused the so -called Railway Storm due to Due to a powerful release of energy from the surface of the star, a magnetic storm erupted on earth; it disabled half of the equipment on the New York Central Railroad and left the east coast of the United States without communication [music] they are constantly watching the sun. However, they cannot predict in advance the appearance of the next powerful flare The fact is that we observe the sun only from the outside, we see only the surface. We do not see the processes that occur inside in the depths of the sun, and the only way to predict a flare is to thread the internal structure of the sun through the movement of the magnetic field. And this is a very complex computational task. However, when the flare has already occurred, we can say that in an hour or two in a day a large flux of radiation will come to us, we can already predict from this activity there is a cycle that lasts approximately 11 years during this time the quantity flares gradually increase and then decrease, according to astronomers, the current cycle began in 2020 and it can reach its Peak during magnetic storms. But how powerful they will be is impossible to accurately predict. Residents of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, are protesting against American mercenaries. Hundreds of people regularly gather at rallies near the US embassy is chanting go away and Bancroft is not needed here we are talking about a private military company earlier representatives of the organization stated that they are negotiating with the local government on issues of regional security wounds deny reports of the possible arrival of mercenaries from America private military companies have a blurred legal status in most countries such organizations They are officially outside the law, but in fact their services are resorted to secretly. How much do PMC fighters earn and what tasks do they solve? Why did the UN Peacekeepers suffer a crushing defeat from the Soldiers of Fortune during the siege of Jadotville in the Congo? Soldiers of Fortune are often called mercenaries. However, the English Slovan also has another meaning: annual wealth the income of private military companies is about 400 billion dollars, which is more than the annual budget of many large countries; today, according to experts, there are more than 3,000 PMCs in the world and their number continues to grow. In the West, they have long come to the conclusion that it is more profitable to fight with the hands of private soldiers than with the forces of regular armies; this practice allows one to avoid major losses among military personnel in PMCs are people who know nothing more than how to fight, a mercenary is a war machine and therefore they are always highly professional and it must be said that very often it was the PMCs who were the first Mercenaries appeared in antiquity in the 1st century BC during wars of Persia and Macedonia Soldiers of fortune from the same Greek cities fought for both opposing armies naturally For generous rewards, one of the most sought-after mercenaries of the Ancient World were washerwomen from the Balearic Islands; these light infantrymen, skilled in the use of throwing weapons, played an important role in the army of the Carthaginian commander bar opis A curious ritual of the barvs before a battle, the washerwomen wrote on lead and stone shells the name of the enemy they wanted to kill. This was generally the most valuable capital in Hanibal’s army because the washerwomen from a great distance there, at least 40 meters or even more, broke up the formation, which with shields meant that it was coming from the side of the enemy A if you upset the enemy’s formation, then this is already half the Victory in the Middle Ages, the Vikings who served in the Byzantine army were considered perhaps the best mercenaries . The Varangian guards were the personal guard of the emperor. Scandinavian warriors skillfully wielded weapons and were distinguished by incredible courage. They served for gold and loot. The Varangian guards received a salary twice as much. other elite troops of Byzantium and 10 times more strativ soldiers who were recruited from peasants, they were paid in money, but they were also given the opportunity to plunder more than ordinary soldiers, if the city did not surrender, it was taken by siege and then stormed and given 3 days for plunder, that is, no authorities intervened for 3 days, who will take how much of what and carry it all away, after 3 days the chaos ended, the new government came into its own and it was no longer possible to plunder the century of mercenaries adj for the Renaissance from the end of the Century , German Lanz Nechts participated in all armed conflicts in Western Europe literal translation of the servant of the country, the detachments of hired Infantry consisted mainly of former peasants, firstly, this is a social elevator for many Poor people and it’s one thing when you work there all your life, roughly speaking behind the plow and cows, it is possible to take wealth for yourself, often in battles on both sides there were Mercenaries who looked exactly the same, in order to distinguish their own from strangers in hand-to-hand combat, the Lanz Nechts wore colorful clothes and tied them in gangs from the word Dan. Over time, this concept was transformed into the knowledge of a criminal group, since the Lanz Nechts often traded in robbery and robbery. Stories are known when groups rebel when they are not paid, for example, they switch sides pure cases of the enemy, the main thing is robbery during the capture, taking rich hostages for subsequent ransom, this is very important and there are frequent cases when assaults did not succeed because mercenary units began to fight with each other, during the assault on the city, a gap is formed in the wall and the Mercenaries begin to fight with each other who will be the first to enter the city and rob at this time the defenders collect over time, European monarchs realized it was cheaper and easier to hire one commander who would gather a whole army than to pay everyone mercenaries individually in Italy, the leaders of foreign detachments were called Condors, they entered into agreements with the rulers of the cities of communes, condos, to carry out military operations, they received Degis or soldiers of Uda mercenaries for this, after receiving the agreed amount, they moved from one howling camp to another or blackmailed their employers on the one hand Mercenaries this Such a mechanism of war is quite convenient because they live only by war. They are trained, they don’t want to live in anything else and just pay money and that’s it, but if you didn’t pay them the money on time or there was some kind of injustice when the looter didn’t allow them, they can very quickly deploy their spears and Swords and shields in the opposite direction, that is, against the one who hired them, the decline of the era of mercenaries began in the 15th century, by that time the first regular army consisting of recruits began to appear in Europe. However, Soldiers of Fortune did not disappear anywhere in the 20th century, they were again in great demand after World War II When there was a massive reduction in armies, many professional military personnel found themselves out of work, combat veterans created the first private military companies, Africa became a real goldmine for mercenaries in the sixties, the heyday of the Independence parade of former colonies, both former British and former French, naturally such often puppet ones are installed in them regimes and they begin to be shaken, that is, in general, whoever has money can, in principle, Change the regime and this is exactly where Mercenaries often conduct a very independent policy, they can actually change rulers, there are even cases when they fought with UN troops; the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared independence from Belgium in the summer 1960, a civil war soon broke out there. The United Nations brought a peacekeeping contingent into the country. However, the mercenaries who fought on the side of the rebels outnumbered the UN troops in numbers and were better trained and armed. The peacekeepers suffered one failure after another. But the most painful defeat occurred in September 1961 during the siege of the city of Jadotville when the Irish The UN garrison in its entirety surrendered to the rebels under the command of the French mercenary Michel de Clary. The UN garrison repelled attacks from superior enemy forces for 6 days and surrendered only after the ammunition ran out. The fighters were held captive for a month. Today, a rare armed conflict occurs without the participation of private military companies on foreign sites where recruit mercenaries good luck for soldiers promise an average of $500 to $2,000 per day depending on the degree of risk per year signed by 17 countries USA Great Britain China Germany and others Russia not included in the agreement allows private individuals to provide services for armed security of facilities maintenance of military equipment training of soldiers and so on However, the Motrio document is not a law, but essentially just a list of recommendations. In most countries of the world, PMCs are officially banned. Next in the program, dandelion rubber Why do American scientists believe that this plant is the best source of flexible raw materials? How rubber fever turned the indigenous people of Brazil into slaves How vulcanization changed the world all the most interesting in the mysteries of humanity in a few minutes only on NTV [music] over the last 3 decades, over 4 million hectares of tropical forests have been destroyed in area, this is comparable to the size of Switzerland; Indonesia Thailand , Malaysia and Cambodia suffered the most from deforestation such data obtained using high-resolution satellite images. However, according to experts, losses may be much more significant. In place of tropical forests , plantations have appeared; local farmers grow soybeans; coffee; cocoa; century, rubber fever began Why rubber gold was highly valued and where rubber was first obtained from [music] dandelions these living multi-tiered bridges today attract crowds of tourists, but they were not created for the sake of beauty hundreds of years ago, the Khasi and Janti people from the northeast of India noticed that in the surrounding area there is a special variety of trees with flexible and strong roots and they do not grow underground, but outside, the locals figured out how weave from them crossings across rivers and gorges They are made of rubber trees, they are specially grown in such a way that they can then be used to make such hanging bridges that not only a person can pass over a knife, but also survive at a pen to this day, they connect more than 7 with each other given villages, each such bridge is the result of many years of hard work, but these efforts are justified. The mountain ficus does not lose its strength and does not wear out. However, the world’s main supplier of elastic material, hevea, a tropical tree from South America to Europe, rubber was brought by the discoverer of the New World, Christopher Columbus, Columbus brought from America there were a lot of all sorts of curiosities, and one of the curiosities were swords that they used to play, they had quite an interesting game, in fact, it was not even a game, but a ritual, something similar between football and basketball, and they played using balls made of rubber, a bouncy black ball shocked the Spaniards, churchmen they even discussed whether he might have been involved in its creation. However, after some time over the ocean, the Swords hardened and became completely unusable in the first half of the 18th century, the French astronomer and traveler Charles Marie della Candan visited the Amazon and compiled a fairly accurate map of this great river, also from the locals of the Indians, he learned the secret of making objects from rubber, the explorer brought swords about mutes to Europe, weaving dishes and shoes from the ego of the mother, we enter the hall and the sole is filled with rubber and you move through the jungle, they don’t bite you there, protected the word kau is translated as the tears of the Milky Tree, that’s what the sap of giveh was called Indian scientists of the Old World quickly realized that this material had enormous potential, but there was a serious change in its natural environment in extreme cold. It was very hard and at room temperature it naturally became such a sticky composition and it was impossible to use these things. The solution was found by the American Charles Deere after 5 years of experiments in 1844, the inventor patented vulcanization, which is the name of a special method of processing rubber, in which he was in pain after the invention, a real rubber fever began, here European businessmen realized that they could make good money on this and set off in large numbers to conquer Brazil to create here they had their plantations, which subsequently brought very large incomes and allowed many to make real fortunes from rubber, they began to make everything from suspenders to floor coverings, a real revolution in the field of clothing production at the beginning of the 10th century, underwear elastic was made in the world, the sun found new ways to use amazing material, one of the important areas for the use of rubber in Industrial steel, of course, the well-known tires for transport, the introduction of rubber accelerated the scientific and technological progress of elastic material, more and more was required, the lira that spanned centuries in the heat of the country gave way to gold in South America , entrepreneurs of the old world in the territory flocked for big money where Giva grew up, Europeans built new cities with trams and telephone connections. However, the indigenous people actually found themselves in the position of slaves in order to produce large quantities of rubber. Yes, labor was needed, and this labor most often became the natural indigenous population who did not have to pay a lot of money And many were simply forced, that is, slave labor on these plantations, and murder and even some extermination of even the indigenous population became part of everyday life. By the end of the 10th century, rubber accounted for a quarter of all Brazilian exports. Hevea seeds and seedlings were prohibited from being exported from the continent under penalty of death. However, This did not stop English entrepreneurs ; at first they tried rho trees in their homeland, but the plants did not take root in the British climate. But the idea to plant giva in Southeast Asia turned out to be extremely successful; our Lanka in Malaysia, the British had their own colonies, they began to receive valuable raw materials. From there, rubber the trees not only began to produce a good harvest, but there were no pests here, which were, for example, in Brazil, which could destroy these trees, so the plantations grew here directly. What is called on the draw? This allowed us to increase rubber production more and the rubber fever gradually subsided because the market let’s say I was saturated with rubber, however, in the first half of the century, large plantations could not provide everyone who wanted it. In addition, rubber gold, as chuk was then called, cost a lot of money, and in the newly formed Soviet Union there was little of it, while the young people who took the path of industrialization [music] rubber was really very expensive And since this material was simply necessary for the production of cars and aircraft, we really had to spend a lot on rubber, despite the fact that the Soviet Union was not yet in such friendly relations with foreign countries, let’s say so, and therefore the Soviet Union was dependent on rubber I didn’t really want to say so, I wanted to ask the question, the Soviet authorities in 1926 announced a competition for the best work on the synthesis of rubber; participants had to describe the technology for obtaining this material and present at least 2 kg of the finished product; a competition was announced, and the prize was very large. Astronomical for those times 100,000 rubles and one of the scientists Sergei Lebedev, a chemist-technologist, accordingly proposed a technology for the production of synthetic rubber. Sergei Lebedev received artificial rubber and alcohol as the raw material for which, in turn, became potatoes. There were no analogues of such technology in the world. The Soviet Union quickly became a leader in the field of rubber synthesis, mass production by Sergei Lebedev’s development was launched in 1932 at the SK1 plant in Yaroslavl, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the country had fully provided the military-industrial complex with a base of gas, then it was produced from biological substances, mainly potatoes. That is, in this regard, potatoes are a universal product, so these were tens of thousands of tons of flexible material they also tried to obtain with the help of alcohol and oil. At the same time in the USSR they were looking for rubber-bearing plants that can be grown on the territory of the country, people of science, they are always creative, there was such a scientist Lysenko who decided to take rubber from the juice of dandelions But to the end he This shouldn’t be the case, but the country’s chief agronomist, Academician Trofim Lysenko, bred a lot of different dandelions. He was engaged in the selection of Cox’s type of dandelion with a high content of rubber. However, cultivating a plant with small roots turned out to be too expensive; a lot of labor was required; the material from dandelions is much more environmentally friendly than from trees they studied 2500 species of various Chukans and came to the conclusion that the most promising plant in this regard is the Russian dandelion, as Cox AGS is called abroad, if trees need to grow for at least 7 years before they become a source of flexible raw materials, then six months are enough for a dandelion [music] these were the mysteries of humanity and I’m Oleg Shishkin And now watch incredibly interesting stories