Is Boudicca Overrated? (History of Everything Podcast ep 118)

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Hello everyone St here and I’m Gabby and welcome back to the history of everything podcast and now actually also on YouTube because we have the camera finally set up hey yeah for all of you watching hello there for those of you listening also hello there even though

You can’t really see me right now so now before we go ahead and begin today I’m just going to go ahead and give the previous announcements that we always do uh if you want to add free episodes make sure to check us out on patreon because we also release bonus episodes there for

Only a dollar a month simultaneously make sure if you want to travel with us that you check out our trips down in the description and without further Ado anyway this episode is on Boda I think one of our patrons I’m pretty sure it was our Patron left that request and we

Were like absolutely oh we have a whole number of things that we have to actually go and create there’s so much here but Boda specifically gab actually how familiar are you with the history of Boda you talk about it quite a bit yeah I mean in terms of famous warrior queens

Or like in terms of famous female figures in history she’s definitely one of the most famous ones Revenge art yes I would also argue that she one of the only reasons and I’m saying this is going to sound bad I think Boda is overrated I know those are fighting

Wordss I know a bunch of people in the comment section of YouTube are probably going to be saying things off the first place I’m about to swing what do you mean the people the threat is inside the room listen we’re going to be getting into the story but the only reason in my

Opinion the only reason that she has talked about as much as she is is specifically because of the British that is it it is because she is a massive figure within like British history overall she’s an iconic figure and like a stat no one really talked about her

All that much until that big statue of her was built back in like I think it was in the Victorian era either way just tell us the story and we’ll be the judge of that okay that’s perfectly fine not to be snarky no that’s perfectly fine

She is still a very big figure in in history here right so Boda for those of you who are unfamiliar this was the Celtic Queen of the icini or iini it depends upon where you are for how you’re actually going to pronounce it but the I I hear it more often as the

Icini and the iini were a TR tribe in what is well modern day England right so it’s just one of those things uh they were located in East Anglia which is on the as the name implies the Eastern side of England there on the southern part of

Britain and there in 60 and 61 ad she went and led what is arguably one of the largest revolts against Rome in Roman history at the time managing to Rally behind her huge amounts of tribes from all across written there in order to be able to revolt against Roman rule when

They were initially trying to take things over did it work no oh my God it failed spectacularly and of course that’s going to be a little bit of a spoiler going into this for those of you who are unfamiliar with history I guess but in most cases people are probably

Aware that she is a tragic figure in history because she’s one of those ones that yes her cause against Rome was if the history is right in my opinion fully Justified but what she did well she did a lot okay she wasn’t just like a warrior Queen she um she went on

A little bit of a psychotic murder spree is it on par with that St Olga of Kei yes yes it’s on par with Olga of Keith easily yes yes though in actually for circumstances dealing with family very similar usually when you have tragic like female characters in history that

Is something that usually happens associated with their family and then they kind of go crazy afterwards understandably considering what if the stories are right what happened to her but we’re going to be getting into that so before we actually get ahead of ourselves and talk about Boda we need to

Explain the context behind all this in the first place and how it is that we even got here because the actual story of Boda is very is pretty short but the Roman occupation of Britain that is something that is longer so we have to go in and kind of explain the context of

How we even got there in the first place so prior to the arrival of the Romans Britain which was originally there known as albian or at least that was one of the names that it had there were a lot of different names for the region overall this was something that was

Mostly comprised of these smaller iron AG communities a lot of these small tribal communities that were primarily agrarian they were again tribal and they had typically small enclosed settlements and there weren’t really necessarily any extensive kingdoms like you had some that would rise and then fall fairly quickly which is something that tended

To happen among tribals societies that would grow gather strength and then once a new leader would arise everything that the previous Empire controlled would pretty much fall apart that’s that’s usually what ends up happening with a lot of these things in history so anyway Southern Britain would oftentimes share

A lot of their culture with what we would associate as Europe really so a lot of the tribes had closer relations and specifically the ones that were in the southern parts of England shared a lot of their culture with Northern Gul right which is modern day France and Belgium and that sort of

Region many of the Southern Britain were of uh Belgium in origin Belgian oh oh yeah I love how you brought that up ironically enough Belgium is an artificial state for anyone who is not aware of this Belgium is an artificial state that has no actual historical basis for necessarily for it being its

Own separate entity I’ve been saying this for years how many Belgium RS have I gone on mainly to do with french fries but so there there’s a number of different groups right you have the you got the people like Flanders you got the wonans you have all like all the different

Groups but Belgium was created as a state specifically to be a buffer between France and like everything else like why Napoleon a lot of things in history when talking about European history going back to the 1800s you can literally answer with because Napoleon I’ve seen a Napoleon Movie he wasn’t that great no

No they really screwed that over I’m going to do a video on that here for the Napoleon thing they they really screwed that up and I it pisses me off CU I was looking forward to that but anyway you had the belg tribe which that when Belgium was created that is where their

Name came from like they took inspiration from the ancient tribe that occupi the region and they shared effectively a Common Language with them in fact past 120 BC trading between transalpine Gaul which is you know that’s that’s like GA from uh like across the Alps that’s what that means

So they would import massive amounts of goods from these regions here we’re talking about wine we’re talking about there even being evidence of coins and stuff being used Gaul was way more developed than what a lot of people give it credit for even with it still being

Tribal and it’s one of the things that made it a valuable Target still for Julius Caesar to launch his campaigns in there because Rome meant expansion and the thing about Rome and expansion is that expansion you know what that leads to or expansion literally just means

Taking more stuff over so did they use it as a staging point oh yeah yeah that was the big point because once you take over one territory and you’ve paid your troops because you got all this Loot and you have everything else um you needed more money to pay your troops so you

Need to expand more so that you can get more loot to pay your troops and then once you can’t expand anymore you can’t keep as large of an army and everything kind of collapses because now you have no one to defend because defending doesn’t get you loot to pay your troops

There you go yeah yes that is precisely one of the things that would happen well that was a lot it was a lot but you see that time and time again with history I know we actually covered that when we did the episode here this previous week

On the uh not the [ __ ] War but like the Mongol invasion yeah defensive Wars usually don’t really pay unless it’s going into modern times where you can actually do stuff for indemnities and whatnot but generally speaking you don’t really get as much and so although Julius Caesar’s campaign didn’t exactly

Result in Conquest when he went over and actually invaded Britain it was this intense trade and some claimed that even the southern tribes in England had actually sent troops supplies and Aid and everything else across the channel in order to be able to help their kin at

Least that was the claim that Caesar would make here that would justify why they would invade so that across the channel in like 54 and 55 BC Caesar would end up then going and invading so previously the channel or Mar britannicum as it would be called This is something that had always served

As a kind of natural border between the European Mainland and the islands and so during his subjugation of G during the GOC Wars Caesar wanted to cut off the Belgian I’m GNA say it’s I know it’s the belg but I’m gonna say Belgium because it’s it it sounds better in this case

Their borders were probably different yeah I mean it occupied the region which is where the name got from but yeah so okay fine the tribes he wanted to cut off the trade from the tribes because these were very hostile to specifically the Romans but the wine well yeah but

Trade no no not allowed not allowed at all they wouldn’t want that so he wanted to interrupt the trade and he also again assumed that the Britain were helping their Kindred belgate later this is something that he would then use to rationalize The Invasion and also say

That the island was rich in silver was it rich in silver no it lied it did have other minerals particularly the most valuable thing that Britain had overall in this region was tin because tin was something that a lot of people think oh like a tin like tin cans yeah that’s not

Valuable at all no it is back in the day was valuable oh particularly what did they use it for tin mixed with copper makes bronze bronze is used for just about everything they didn’t use it necessarily as much for weapons or whatnot anymore like you didn’t have the

Bronze Age weapons because they had moved on to iron but you still had bronze for stuff for like mirrors and all different kinds of things that would be used so what caused Bronze Age collapse since we’re talking about bronze we can do that for an episode but

There’s a lot of different things you were trying to drive D me into a trap here I am I know I love talking about the Bronze Age collapse fine side note here my personal opinion when it comes to bronze conspiracy theory his personal conspiracy theory is so you know how you have the

Sea peoples and everything else in there right so the thing is I believe that since the Bronze Age was specifically something that was driven by bronze which is made out of tin and copper and across the Mediterranean there are very very very few sources of tin and copper

Like they’re very few they only come from select regions if even one of those mines dry up you’re you’re basically going to have a collapse of an entire system so I believe that it’s a combination between we outside powers like in the case of the C people’s disrupting trade and mines going dry

Because that would effectively stop the creation of any kind of tools like you’d still have what it is that you previously had we need to do an episode on this because I have some theories of my own I had to take Old Testament in college for Bible University and boy did

We dive into that wait wait that was a big section yeah it was really decent when you set up the entire background of the old Test new test one of the Testaments those classes blurred together I think it was New Testament though because that was the harder class

They don’t just teach the text they teach the historical and cultural context it’s like a history class H and so I guess well the interesting thing about this is that even with all all the time that this is taking place and all this trade is occurring right the

Republic did know about the Island’s existence but Britain for the most part was completely unknown to Rome like they didn’t know really any of the details inside of it and this was something that the people thought like oh it was this mystical land beyond the waters right

There was all these stories about things beyond the yeah know basically that that’s one of the things that has a tendency to happen when talking about with stuff with ancient history the amount of ancient weird beliefs that people had towards India and everything I have weird beliefs towards Britain so I get

It but they had all these weird crazy practices you know one of the most dis on toast well yes but even worse they did something even more terrible and awful to the Romans they drink milk me I’m Roman milk is disgusting no it’s not milk is amazing okay no I’m listen

Listen I haven’t even involved to be a to tolerate milk okay it’s gross you’re not supposed to be drinking something you have to like grow to tolerate be honest with yourself no milk is amazing it truly is dairy products are wonderful and I’m telling you this right now guys

In the comments right now right now you have to side with me or him you type milk is gross or milk is great milk superiority and we’ll tally this this is a serious election I don’t want to see double comments that is voter fraud I’m

Going I’ll put it on a YouTube poll that just says is is milk good yes no it is vile I’m going to do that and I’m going to link it to this episode so for all the people when I put this out on the YouTube Community page when people see

This they better type in the comments I came from the poll like literally just put that in there this is oat milk before you all start to try to come for me so anyway right that when I when I was doing the research to figure out this episode when I saw that whole

Section on milk I thought this is hilarious I’m now going to do an entire episode for patreon that is dedicated to the uh the history of hating milk and I’m going to be two pages of that yeah which I listen it’s it it’s a side note

I know but I have to express it because the whole thing is really funny so I’m going to give you a little bit of a detail of the stuff that I found right you’re so excited about your milk p no I am right so of course during the the

Visit to conquer Britain which yes that is literally the best way that I can phrase it the visit to conquer Britain because that’s what they did the first time is they straight up had a visit holid yeah so Caesar was disgusted by how much milk apparently that the Norther Northerners there would consume

Me and so there is a uh strabo right who is an ancient philosopher and a geographer and historian of ancient Rome who he just he mocked the Kelts for their excessive milk drinking and tasis who’s another Roman senator in historian would describe the German diet as being crude and tasteless by singling out

Their fondness for curdled milk which I mean to be fair it’s like curdled milk but I mean you’d use that then for cheese and other stuff but it’s besides the point the Romans would often comment on how inferior other cultures were and which you know there’s a thing referring

To them as barbarians but one of the marks that they would use to describe them as being inferior were milk drinkers cuz you’re cut you’re touching at cows to get the milk I too side with the Romans no that that wasn’t why that wasn’t why truth be told truth be told

There is a reason and honestly looking at the justification for why they would think that it was disgusting and bad makes sense when you break it down to it it wasn’t pasteurized well no like even when it comes down to stuff like butter right they would use butter as an

Ointment you didn’t use that for flavoring on bread or other stuff oh I didn’t think about butter I do enjoy some butter yeah so as plenty of the Elder would put it there’s a quote I have here the choicest food among Barbarian tribes is butter like which

Sounds like such a mocking thing to say in the first place and I know I’m going to go into a whole thing on this it’s it’s not like milk drinking wasn’t something that was done at all in Rome it was it just you didn’t do it on

Excessively well not only did you not do it excessively you didn’t do it in the cities or anything else like that milk was something that in the warmer Mediterranean climate would spoil very quickly right so you didn’t use it for like you didn’t have it for regular consumption anyway moving on from the

Milk episode that I want to really create here for patreon Caesar’s initial contact with the uh with the tribes didn’t exactly go over great he had to very quickly reorganize his army in order to to avoid defeat because he had pretty much underestimated them which is

Not a good thing and then during his second invasion when he was accompanied by five Legions he would go and push northward all across the temp River to meet with a Britain Chieftain by the name of calanus which is a name here that I’m going to have a little bit of

Difficulty pronouncing but it’s in there it’s in there and although this guy was joined for battle by several other Chiefs in order to avoid having to go back and cross the English Channel where potentially there was going to be really poor weather because my God was the weather of the channel very bad

Historically speaking this is not something that was um very easy to diverse and there’s a key reason as to why they Associated Northern barbarians as actually being great ship Builders because their boats actually could deal with choppy Waters of like the channel and going into the North Sea in

Comparison to the um the the the boats of the Mediterranean which would just cap siiz immediately if they tried to build in that same style yeah the mediteranian was much gentler way way calmer way way way calmer it was just the completely different styles of boats

That would have to work there so what Caesar did was basically pretend that he had some major problems that were going on in Gaul and just be like ah yes I came I saw I conquered I left that [ __ ] and that’s that’s that’s that’s literally what he did so he arranged a

Peace treaty with calanus and then returned back to the European Mainland without leaving a Garrison meaning that he conquered the territory and then didn’t actually conquer it because it didn’t leave any kind of Garrison behind they would actually be able to maintain the territory that they took in the

First place he just tapped out how did people feel about that um a number of people were very happy when it came to the common people because you know it’s like oh yeah Rome achieving its greatness doing all the great stuff because that’s Roman doing that a bunch

Of Elites though were very displeased with this thinking that the whole thing was a massive waste of money time resources and everything there’s a a number of famous quotes about this and one of those I think I haven’t even right here it’s uh yeah yeah had KO and

Strabo oh strabo would write about this in the late Republic saying and I quote the only thing of value in this land is hunting dogs and slaves and milk oh God no they didn’t they didn’t like milk buttery goodness no no but either way they they would just outright say yeah

No Britain had literally nothing which is somewhat fair but also unfair because Britain did have a number of valuable resources like in the case of like oh it’s mines like in the case of tin Caesar said that it had a bunch of silver it did not really have a lot of

Silver the big thing that it had largely was tin and other metals that could be used for Roman industry tin Leed these kinds of things and Tin was very useful because it was needed to make copper not copper bronze bronze you mix tin with the copper sorry yeah yeah yeah you mix

The tin and you mix the copper and you make bronze and that’s a very rare thing thing a lot of people don’t even realize this because they think oh yeah bronze you know bronze came before iron and everything so I mean it was probably way more common and people used that no tin

And copper were very particularly around the Mediterranean which brings me to my next question what caused the bronze to oh God you’re GNA try and trap me in this no of course I’m going to trap you okay guys he has a very specific conspiracy theory for the Bronze Age

Collapse it’s not a conspiracy theory it’s a logical Theory it’s a logical conspiracy theory okay my personal Theory when it comes to the Bronze Age collapse is that people like say oh it’s because they ran out of you know materials oh it’s because of climate change like you know the the natural

Disasters and stuff like the big volcanic eruptions oh it’s because of the C peoples I think it’s a bit of a combination of all that but I think that my my biggest idea is that tin and copper were only mined in a few very select areas around the Mediterranean

The major majority of that had to be imported right so if even a single one of those mines ends up expiring right if they if they run out of uh if they run out of material within it to actually mine this means that a huge aspect of

Trade goes with it and that means people can’t make tools they can’t make tools they can’t make weapons they can’t make literally anything that is used for the Bronze Age Society one of the things is they would use the bronze to make coins that means you wouldn’t have coins that

Could actually be used here for trade or other stuff just like 10 coins oh yeah then it wouldn’t have the same value improvise adapt overcome they wouldn’t be able to a ginormous thin coin just it’s just just do like the Spartan thing where it’s like uh the iron rods where

It’s like they they did they didn’t trade in coins because they didn’t want people to actually trade with them they wanted to be self uh sustaining and they hated the idea of outside trade and influence so the way they would trade is through little rods of iron that were

Bulky and horrible for trading they improvised and they adopted and they overcame but we should do an episode on the Bronze Age collapse because I have a lot of theories oh you do because of old test New Testament it was New Testament you had to take that for your Christian

School you want to yeah but basically it was like more history culture and then a little bit of like just to give an idea of why the New Testament would exist but we did go over the Bronze Age collapse that okay that makes a lot of sense that

Does in great detail well anyway in the case of Caesar uh he had to leave because there were still some problems that they had in goal like had a uh there was a failed Harvest and everything that had occurred at the time and possibly there was going to be

Rebellion so he goes and dips out of there and everyone is horrified uh or not everyone is horrified but it’s like the elites are horrified about his invasion in the first place and don’t want anything to happen and Britain kind of stays at pieace not at pieace I mean

It’s obviously fighting among all the different tribes men but Rome at least does not go and invade it for like another Century again and that brings us to Claudius so at the death of Caesar and the Civil War that would follow the Republic was no more it was now the

Roman Empire and the new Empire’s interest in Britannia would intensify under the leadership of a number of different Emperors but the one who would actually go and do something about this was Claudius and it’s kind of funny that this whole thing even happens in the first place because in 43 ad right

Emperor Claudius with an army of four Legions and auxiliaries under the command of Alis uh patus he go and crosses the English Channel landing at rickb and they begin the conquest of the Island right some believe that the emperor only went in the first place to achieve Glory because remember the whole

Thing with Rome and like how they achieve glory is through War you have to have some victories under your belt in order to do anything with politics so I mean there’s that also there’s the fact that Claudius had spent the majority of his uh his life there in terms of

Politics under the boot of Caligula not Caligula horse guy oh he was constantly being abused and mocked by Caligula Caligula was a little bit of a [ __ ] to him he’s quirky oh to say the least biggest funniest part about all this and we’re going to get into the

Actual details of the invasion itself is Claudius only shows up to this Invasion for like 16 days that’s it he is part of the campaign for 16 days and then and when Victory is declared he just takes credit for all of it is the same energy

As on the great like Catherine the Great that Hulu show where they do this whole hunt and then all of like the King’s Men pin the animal they’re hunting the king just comes over and shoots it and then he takes all the glory they’re like oh

My God the king’s such an amazing Hunter amazing truly wonderful superb I’ve never seen such shooting skill from a Point Blank Range yeah literally he walks right up to it and shoots it and everyone’s like oh wow he’s brilliant I’m pretty sure it was the great I don’t know it might have been

Something else but it did happen in the great yeah that was in the great because um there was a number of different cases like that where he would um just take Glory yeah yeah which was all I mean the great is not historically accurate it’s

It’s not but it’s it’s very funny in how it actually presents things I enjoy it it is so okay it got canceled sorry unfortunately it did it was still funny it was still good it just it wasn’t accurate in the things that have changed because I’ll say this right now side

Note from this and I know I mentioned it when we did the episode on cathine the great they made Peter in that a lot dumber than he was or a lot smarter than he was lucky they made him way more lucky than he actually was he lasted way longer in

There than he actually did he also seemed to have not a lot of Charisma but slightly more more Charisma and way more psychotic yeah I think they had to keep it that way to keep the interest which is fair no no it is definitely fair here

So okay as for the actual details of the campaign right the Roman army had landed on the British Shore and they marched northward towards the temps River and it was only there that Claudius would go and join them so the Roman army then quickly overran a bunch of the different

Territory uh of the uh the kavalani with a victory that occurred at kalad uh cadam this is near modern-day Colchester afterwards the Army would then move north and west and by 60 AD a lot of whales and essentially everything to the South was occupied in addition to the

Direct Roman settlements that they would set up from here they would also establish a number of different client kingdoms that were effectively subservient to Rome including establishing this with the the icini at norfol and the Banes to the north at the same time one Legion would still be sent

Northward with the future Emperor Vespasian uh or no one Legion would go northward and then another one under Vespasian would go Southwest and he would capture 20 tribal strongholds by himself cities such as London which at the time was londinium cuz you know it’s the Latin names that’s what they have

Here these became very valuable Roman territories because with their proximity to the channel they were a very populous and B allowed them to be able to control the region I say control though um wasn’t clean the ancient British people were very warlike and they always always always were ready to revolt and fight

Back and that is actually what would happen with uh with a number of things the Romans would face considerable resistance from them as an example there was one guy by the name of catat right and he was a member of the kavalani and he would rally a lot of

Support in Wales get defeated get captured and then once this would happen he would escape and run north to the uh to the Banes which were remember one of the client kingdoms that had been established and instead of helping them or helping him like he begged they

Instead turned him over to the Romans cuz they’re like yeah no [ __ ] that we’re not fighting him we’re not doing that [ __ ] nobody wanted to fight the Romans no one wanted to fight the Romans at the time here when it was just like on their own because a Revolt had just been

Crushed when a Revolt is still going underway you’re more likely to be able to earn support but if you get horribly defeated and then go to ask for someone for help they’re less likely to help you in that scenario because you already proved that you lost once and now

They’ll have to do it on their own and it starts to cycle over yeah so then back in Rome a Triumph is held to glorify Claudius but the captured Chieftain was actually given the opportunity to address the Roman people which was interesting and I have no way

To actually prove this quote is real or anything because it sounds way too fancy for him to just be able to say but what he said was and I quote to his in his big speech had my lineage and rank been accompanied by only moderate success I

Would have come to the city as a friend rather than a prisoner and you would not have disdained to Ally yourself peacefully with one so nobly born if I I had surrendered without a blow before being brought before you neither my downfall nor your Triumph would have

Become famous if you execute me they will be forgotten spare me and I shall become an everlasting token of your mercy and all this was written down by tacitus which in other words what that straight up means is hey the only reason that your Victory meant anything is

Because I fought if I hadn’t fought you you wouldn’t have had anyone to fight so therefore it would have been too easy and you wouldn’t have had an actual Triumph there is no Triumph without trial I mean he’s not wrong no he’s not actually wrong in that scenario like

There wouldn’t have been a victory to to glorify at all they would have just marched in and people would have just been like oh yeah hey we’re Roman now I guess like that’s all that would have happen so did they spare him well interestingly yeah actually yeah but not

Only him the the life of him his wife his daughter his brothers they were all spared by Claudius so it could have been just some like massive political maneuver that was done at the time and he could have not said any of these things in actuality we don’t know we

Don’t know again in my opinion it sounds a little bit too fancy but that’s just what happens you’re looking down on the rural tribesmen now I kind of am but also you got to think they didn’t speak Latin so like he’s addressing this in a in to a

Crowd speaking it in a way that they can understand what he’s saying in the first place maybe he learned Latin for diplomatic relations maybe he went to International School of diplomacy this time I I don’t think that they would have had that here ter for many more years they would eventually in

Britain uh later on going into the Dark Ages like they would have a whole bunch of stuff that would be dedicated specifically to Latin schools when you do your Masters on in an in international relations are you going to learn languages so then we can become Diplomat you can become a diplomat I’ll

Just be your wife they usually want you to have some kind of knowledge of a language of a place you’d be going like I’m not going to I am not going to Japan [Laughter] I’m sorry it was fun it was fun it was fun but I have to live there well yeah

No there’s a very key difference between visiting Japan and living in Japan and for the most part A lot of people I not taking a train everywhere I will actually cry it was so crowded I think in many scenarios if if you are a diplomat in a place you’re not

Going to be taking a public train they won’t know I’m not the Diplomat I can do whatever I want so either way while Kus are while this guy’s Revolt was a failure Rome still did have to deal with Boda which was the entire point of talking about all of this in the first

Place okay so anyway when talking about Boda this is where it gets a little bit interesting and there’s not all that much information that really goes into this the primary sources that we have that talk about bod’s Revolt are the Roman historians of pulus Cronus tasus and cassus Dio that’s pretty much where

Everything comes from and the problem is is that these are our two sources and they have different stories for why anything even happened in the first place see tacitus claims that the entire reason that the Revolt even occurred in the first place is because of the ill treatment of the icini following the

Death of the previous King which was pagus while Dio writes that it was a dispute over alone interesting yeah it’s we have no way to actually prove any of it the other significant difference in the version is that Dio makes no mention of the horrible treatment that Boda faced

Which is apparently that she was flogged and her daughters were raped in front of her which is a bit extreme to say the least um no like there’s all kinds of different issues here for the claiming also saying that she died from wounds in battle not from poisoning but between

The two different accounts the one that is generally accepted by most people is tacitus the more horrible one arguably and the reason being is that his father-in-law nias Julius Agricola was actually the governor in Britain who is chiefly responsible with um the successful conquest and pacification of

The region and that is what would serve as the primary source of information for tasus so I even then I’m saying primary source it’s our primary source but to them at the time it was still a secondary source because it was you know being told the story of what happened

From the previous guy there really is no doubt that Agricola did participate in the suppression of Boda because served under suetonius who was a commander at the time and he was a young Soldier back in 61 ad so it even if the story is not true it’s more likely to be just from

The information that we have anyway getting into this the actual story of the Revolt so tacitus tells us and this is the quote from him it’s directly from his uh from the the anals of this pratus king of the icini after a long after a life of long and Renown prosperity had

Made the emperor so referring to Rome coair with his two daughters pragas hoped that this submissiveness to preserve his kingdom and how I am butchering that in here hold on sorry I’m reading like directly from his quote now and it gets all fanciful for

This okay I can read it okay do it do it Gabby pagus hoped by this submissiveness to preserve his kingdom and household from attack but it turned out otherwise after his death Kingdom and household alike were plundered like prizes of war the one by Roman officers the other by

Roman slaves as the beginning his widow Boda was flogged and their daughters raped the iian chiefs were deprived of their hereditary Estates as if the Romans had been given the whole country the king’s own relatives were treated like slaves and the humiliated isini feared still worse now that they had

Been reduced to provincial status so they rebelled yeah so essentially the gist of it is what he had done is he divided his kingdom in half he left half half of the Kingdom to the Roman Emperor to be able to rule as like a gift to the

Roman State like a seating of territory to establish peace the other half he left to his daughters right but Rome saw this as an opportunity of like estate free yeah it’s free real estate basically but even then the description of what they did like I completely understand rising up in Revolt after

This like moving in because it’s just one of those cases of history of like I love the Roman Empire uh love all the stories and everything that go goes into all this red flag they were listen they were massive dicks so many you don’t build an Empire without breaking a lot

Of people’s other people’s eggs I’m telling you that right now like you know how there’s the phrase oh you can’t make an omelet without breaking a few eggs uh or without cracking a few eggs in the case of an Empire you’re primarily breaking other people’s eggs that’s what

You are doing but this leads us into bod’s war yes so in the case of going into into bod’s war she would first after raising her Army go and strike the city of cadham which is again near modern Colchester and there she didn’t just take over the settlement this was

About revenge and so she proceeded to Massacre every single inhabitant inside the settlement and Burn It To The Ground there there was no peace here Governor suetonius would engage in putting down was already engaged in putting down an uprising in the island of Mona so the Roman citizens tried to appeal to the

Imperial agent of ctis deanis and this guy he sent a force of like 200 dudes thinking oh yeah no this is totally going to be enough uh that did not help worth crap for actually going yeah because she had a force depending upon the uh like what the historians say this

Could be and I could you not anywhere between 20,000 and 200,000 men and he’s s 200 200 yes yes and it’s something that would only grow large over time so it might have started at like 20 to 40,000 and then it just grew bigger as she burned more stuff down and more

Tribes joined her in Revolt so anyway the ninth Roman division which was led by Rufus would march to relieve the settlement but they were routed because they did not have enough forces and the Infantry was utterly crushed by the British forces so suetonius returning then from would march to londinium and but upon

Receiving intelligence the bod’s forces far outnumbered his own the man dipped he now he didn’t just abandon the settlement completely like with the people he he essentially went out to the public and gave them the options and said hey guys um I’m not sticking around

To defend you all here so either you can pack up your stuff and flee and come with us or tough luck and a lot of people did end up leaving the settlement but simultaneously those who were old sick women and children who were not able to

Really move as easily a lot of these stayed behind believe it or not even today when there’s a migration event women children you know the elderly disabled they’re the ones typically Left Behind even in modern day all throughout history the younger men would be more likely to move because they can make a

New life and then women would probably be attached held back have less access to resources that would enable them to move I also wrote a paper on that this week yep so he then goes and tries to find a field of battle that is more you know beneficial to him like more

Advantageous like something that’s a better position that they could actually fight in uh and then once again Boda comes in Burns the settlement to the ground and massacres everyone inside like they are all kill she is there’s no such thing as an innocent for her they are all

Equally like guilty Romans and they are going to be murdered and that’s what they do so it’s it’s it’s not good in addition to that another city by the name of verium would suffer the same fate and while the British were dealing not the British I guess I should say

That but while these tribes were in the middle of destroying veranium suetonius would then choose another position that he could defend his own forces from which had a he was like in a defile with behind him which essentially means that on all sides he couldn’t be surprised or

Attacked the enemy would have to come straight at him there was no cover for ambushes or anything like that at least according to testis so the Britain after destroying the city go and arrive in what is described as unprecedented numbers just massive massive amounts of numbers but and here’s where the interesting thing

Is and this is where I kind of believe where they talk about the size of the force of potentially being being like you know 1 to 200,000 the British tribes were moving with such force and confidence according to tacitus that they even brought their women and children with them it was like

One massive tribal migration of War so it wasn’t just fighting men even if you want to assume from this that they had 50,000 fighting men and then another double of that exact amount that was the women and children and others that’s who they were moving in with

Right so they had brought all their supply carts cuz think about this they burned like three different cities even more past this at this point to the ground they stole all the stuff out of the cities and they’re taking these massive Supply wagons with them filled with food filled with resources and

Filled with all of their loot that they took from the cities and they put Park those wagons behind their lines this is going to end up being a massive problem before the battle what is said to have happened is that both leaders encouraged and inspired their troops and then suetonius gave the

Signal for battle to commence after this happened the Infantry would move forward and throw up their javelins and bod’s Superior numbers here meant absolutely nothing think about this you have a force of like that outnumbers the enemy by like 3 four five 10 to one right but

They’ve chosen a field of battle where all of your forces are condensed into a block where they’re closer together so the Romans start chucking their javelins which is like the pums and everything that they have and there is really no way to defend against this because you

Are blocked up in one massive flesh block they didn’t have shields yeah they did they did but the problem is is that even then it’s still going to penetrate and hit in some areas I feel like if it’s so narrow you just make a ginormous Shield wall mhm the way that the Romans

Worked and that’s a great point you just make rows of Shield wall sorry to the guys in the front mhm shields were also kind of expensive so people didn’t necessarily have them you had the Warriors who would but remember a lot of forces were lightly armed tribesmen that they themselves

Would fight with javelins and like Spears with no Shield hell a lot of them didn’t have armor they would be like shirtless did the Romans have shields oh yeah they did they had a a very large Shield called a scotum that if I was holding this up I mean obviously I’m

Bigger than the average Roman was at the time but that’s bold to assume wow yeah no I am I’m 511 thank you very much they were on average like 5T tall okay but the thing is the the scotum would go if they were they were holding out properly

It could almost be rested on the ground at times if they had to but if I was holding it out it would go from like my neck down to like my thigh not I mean my like my thigh like even to my knee it was a very big Shield right so the

Shields that the British you look good there Gabby thank you she put on the Roman helmet for anyone who is listening to this for just the podcast but anyway they a lot of the people were lightly armed tribesmen and so the javelins would rip into them and

Even among the ones who did have shields the pums the pum javelins of the Romans were designed in such a way that they had a soft metal tip so that when it hit they would bend so the javelins couldn’t really be pulled out and then thrown

Back at the enemy and so if you have two or three javelin that are wedged in your Shield your shield now went from a 6B thing on your arm to a 12b thing on your arm that is way harder to maneuver that’s kind of like the issue the more of those that

Are embedded the less that you can use it which means that now they don’t have a shield to actually protect them did they they they were fighting with javelins too so I don’t they would but way better technology on the Roman side way better construction way better

Strength generally to be able to do things it was an organiz army versus a rag tag band of tribes correct especially with how they were positioned so it wasn’t good so this is something that completely cut down the advancing wedge formation and it cut through their ranks and then suetonius then ordered

The auxiliary infantry and then his Cavalry to charge this almost immediately routed the Britain who turned and fled but remember that Supply train that I talked about the thing that was behind them oh so they can’t escaped couldn’t escape it created a literal artificial wall behind them that blocked

Their escape and that is something that turned a battle into what effectively was a massacre as tasus would write about this the remaining Britain fled with difficulty since their ring of wagons blocked the outlets the Roman did not spare even the women baggage animals too transfixed with weapons added to the

Heaps of dead Boda and her daughters who were there apparently managed to escape but soon after afterwards knowing that they weren’t actually going to be able to do anything poisoned themselves in order to make sure that they couldn’t be captured and then marched back to Rome and Triumph and also potentially raped

Again can we trust tacitus because wasn’t he Roman yeah but that’s pretty much the only source that we have from any of this you also have to remember that the ancient Brits at this time didn’t really have writing like they they they like the Druid religion and everything that was

Common throughout all this time is mostly oral tradition we don’t have a lot of writings about the things that would occur at that time are there any oral tradition that ended up being written down about this hell we don’t we can’t even pinpoint where this battle took place that’s the frustrating so the

Name of this battle is called the Battle of Watling Street we don’t know where that is like it’s referred to as the Battle of Watling streak and that’s all we pretty much know and there have been a bunch of different suggestions like that it’s um it could be from King’s cross in London

To church Stow near uh northamptonshire but we don’t know we just don’t know that’s the big problem and so the Battle of apparently it’s in East Chicago Illinois Illinois the li no Indiana Indiana yeah oh my God it’s settled Rome Illinois Rome was America all along we should have

Known hell how you just looked it up it has to be I in though it’s Indiana right but why is it called Chicago W Street Indiana uh i n is Indiana right yeah it is and I is Illinois yes but isn’t Chicago in Illinois yeah it is so why does it say

East Chicago Indiana because it’s like hold on I’m so confused hold on hold on I know this is detracting from all this but I have to look this up right now because this is to bother I did not mean to cause this this is GNA bother me because if I if I

Recall correctly if I go all the way up here to the north right so it’s like below Chicago and then it’s one of those Tri-State areas or bstate areas isn’t it yeah like hold on yeah go going up yeah Gabby Gabby because Indianapolis India Chicago is between I was so

Confused because I’m looking at the map and it’s Illinois and then Indiana right Chicago is one of those cities that has grown so big that it after its initial point which was further up in Illinois it grew to eventually also include parts of Indiana okay perfect um so it’s

In Ilana Ilana yes yes the ancient Roman settlement of Ilana if it sounds right thanks you’re welcome historians I did my part actually it was Apple Maps I don’t want to take their credit and so the Battle of Watling Street though though this was the last serious threat to Roman Authority really

Nothing else past this would ever be that great at least in terms of the lower like Southern threshold of England everything the north was going to be a little bit of a problem still and aside from his victory over Boda in his desire to strengthen the Roman presence penus

Would also eliminate the Druid stronghold at Angeli and the Druid religion which was always something that because of you know it being practiced by all these local tribes out on the fringes that was something that was still considered to be kind of a threat to Rome and its system so they

Persecuted these people vigorously and accordingly the governor then responded to all this by crushing all of these people like they just moved on afterwards and not just Revol but like started it’s going to sound bad this is the phrase that they would use at the time pacifying the

Countryside can you imagine what that means it means a whole lot of murder at least it didn’t say huffing them out that would have not been great oh yeah no no no this was so bad he was so brutal in everything did snuffing that’s the term yeah snuffing them out that’s

What that would mean so he this was so bad that the when the Senate heard about this they ended up recalling him and he was replaced by a guy called Tanis and this would end up being a little bit of a change in how Rome would

Treat Britain it was no longer just a place to conquer it was something that over time would gradually begin to romanize gradually Britain were adopting Roman ways and with a stronger presence in Britain because they had to maintain several Legions there simultaneously in order to keep things pacified Rome would

Begin to make very significant changes all those burnt settlements that they had before were rebuilt um the they they they built baths they had all these Governor Estates they were Building Bridges across the temps they were building all these varying things and the British over this time all the

Tribes would gradually become Roman and although progress was really slow Rome largely still considered the conquest of Britain to be necessary remember 100 years ago they thought that the entire thing was pointless because you know it didn’t it barely had anything in terms of resources and while a lot of people

Had dismissed it as being something that was without value it did have a lot of mineral wealth still and milk and milk tin iron gold it did also have hunting dogs and slaves that whole thing for slaves was still something that was very valuable for Rome to be able to use they

Built roads they linked all these other settlements it was something that was successful and from that you would see a growing economy develop within the society that would be positive at least that’s the best way it is that I can describe but this is a big butt simultaneously the British were always

Still very resistant peoples and this meant that they always had to have extra military forces there in order to make sure that things were pacified so that there wasn’t a another revolt and B Because all those outside tribes that were in like Iberia you know which was

Uh Ireland and going up into calonia with Scotland they wanted to make sure that those people didn’t attack because guess what they attacked a lot so anyway moving on from that here after all the revolts from 77 to 83 ad the military commander of nias Julius agola which ironically remember that’s

The guy we talked about before the father-in-law of tacus he is the one who would serve as governor and it wasn’t agricola’s first time in Britain as we talked about because remember he served as that young Soldier during the earlier campaigns the the thing is is that in a

Series of conflicts that would follow all of this Agricola was able to achieve Victory subdue Northern Wales and finally end up meeting the caledonians the ones who were constantly a threat to the north at mons grapus the governor also even eyed the neighboring islands of Ireland and he claimed at the time

That Ireland was so weak it was so ripe for the taking that he only needed one Legion in order to be able to take it unfortunately though this wouldn’t actually end up happening Agricola was forced to withdraw from Scotland when one of his Legions was recalled by Emperor demission in order to confront

With uh the tribes that were starting to migrate to move across the Dano however despite his attacks against any rebelling forces or in his expansion Agricola wasn’t a guy who was a cruel conqueror right aside from the forts that he built in the north he tried to

Civilized things which I mean to be fair Romans and civilizing things was something that they often try tried to do and it uh usually ended well for those that would convert those that did not it did not end well for but over time they would urbanize and romanize a lot of the British

Population the issue was is that unfortunately his success was not something that went unnoticed by Emperor demission and there’s a bit of a problem with that see Emperors did not like it when generals had a very easy time assuming glory and doing great things and earning popularity among people

Because when they did this that meant that potentially they were going to be a threat and so demission in a fit of jealousy recalled him all that ter like him being a governor him doing all this he did such a good job that he got punished because now potentially he

Could have been a threat the territory that he desired to take like going into Scotland and whatnot this was something that would not be conquered for many more years and even then the Romans were never actually able to hold this that in turn is what then led to the creation of

Hadrian’s Wall remember like that low Turf wall that went across everything for the northern border and then I can’t remember the name of the wall that they moved beyond that with there was another wall that they moved to the north that they couldn’t actually hold even though technically speaking it would have been

A shorter wall and easier to maintain interesting little detail because a lot of people think that the like Hadrian’s Wall was a system kind of like the Great Wall of China where it was actually a massive wall the walls were never that big instead it was something that was

More of a a slight delaying tactic and simultaneously they would have forts every like God I can’t even remember the amount of distance that it was like 20 miles or something it would be a fort with military units stationed inside the easy access just get to different parts

Of the wall yeah and so that way it would delay them the enemy force would have to siege that or try to take it and this would allow time for a legion to make its way North to actually be able to fight was it like a boundary suggestion like hey don’t cross there

This is Roman territory kind of both yeah so it was both a security system and also a uh like a warning system it was an alert system it was everything that’s pretty much what that was and this is the way that things would proceed here for quite a while right

That’s just what would happen it would take years to build and it would be manned by around 15,000 soldiers it just was something pretty much only for surveillance Patrols by the year 130 ad military garrisons had been established throughout all of Britain though and at this time Rome

Realized that they would need to further strengthen their army on the European continent and gradually began to recruit from all the varying different Barbarian tribes that were not fully romanized a lot of these came from Britain from the Balkans from all these varing outside far-flung territories in 139 and this is where I

Put it in in 39 this is where they then built the next wall the anonine one but that was something that was literally abandoned after like 20 years they could not maintain it it was just way too hostile to the north as time would pass on going into the third and fourth

Century further changes would come to the island because in order to rule more efficiently the island was divided in half you had Britannia inferior that was governed from York which is eum and you had Emperor Dian who had later divide the province into four separate regions and because of dian’s tetrarchy which

Was literally the rule of four Emperors that doesn’t sound confusing at all I need to do a whole episode on that because that whole thing was a massive pain in the ass it really was Britain was then plac under the watchful eye of the emperor of the West so that was who

In charge there trouble would over time continue to haunt Britain during the 3rd Century the island was almost under constant attack from the Norther forces of pcks the people that would later go on to be you know the Scots but I say that the PS were completely separate

Group a lot of people get confused with this they think of like oh Scotland like the Scots Scots were actually Northern Irish and they migrated over took over things in pictland and that’s what created Scotland because the Scots were Northern Irish the whole other tribal group I’m

Not trying to rush you but I think the camera’s going to die well the camera is probably going to die at this point in here that is is how things would essentially move on uh for centuries afterwards on this point I’m from Germany they sa from Germany they so you

Had the angal the jutes the Saxons the gits they had all these varying tribes that moved in um Rome would gradually lose a lot of its territory and influence because remember as you said from the beginning when they stop expanding this means no money no money

Means no ability to pay your army they gradually lost a lot of their efficiency and power and strength their military forces and from there uh they eventually had to pull out I can’t even remember what the exact year was that they pulled out I know that I put it in here for

Specifically the year yeah after 410 the Western half of the Empire began to undergo significant changes and then it was later on in the Empire ah where was it I know I had put this in yeah in 410 AD anius one of the last Emperors of the

West would pull out completely out of out of Britain and from then on I kid you not the guy who was the governor the guy who was in charge there in that region did a very bold move of writing to all the leaders of the varying cities around and basically said fend for

Yourself that was it that’s it they just pulled out they left their people and they were like figure it out they did and from then on you would see gradually things would fall apart uh it would form into different kingom murder for what I mean they controlled it for several

Hundred years and here’s the problem and this is where I would say this remember how Britain was valuable in terms of territory for like mineral resources because of the amount of military units that had to be stationed in Rome or stationed from Rome there it was almost

Always a loss so the province cost more to maintain from it than it gave back it wasn’t like one of the regions where they got a lot of food or a lot of I don’t know yeah they needed the resource like they needed the tin they needed everything from there for their industry

So they had to maintain it but they were paying more to maintain it than they were getting it back correct correct Egypt was the most valuable province in the entire then they lose Egypt and that led to the collapse because it was the Bread Basket of Rome that’s one of the

Things that caused the everything for the B Byzantine Empire the eastern half the loss of Egypt was the greatest loss to the Empire over it just started everything just fell apart after that I mean if you lose a major source of your food then how are you going to feed your

People correct and they can’t maintain the same the same cities armies everything else okay uh yeah we kind of we kind of got cut off there here the camera literally died as we were trying to I did cuz we we this is our first time using this setup so it took a

Little bit of setting up to do and yeah yeah know that that is for all those who are watching probably this on YouTube and I know that there’s going to be a little bit of an awkward cut or jump at somewhere in here I’m sorry guys

We’re going to get a lot better at this but basically what we were saying in the end as I was trying to rush through the final years of British history and everything that was happening yeah everything gets abandoned the people are told to basically fend for themselves

And Rome pulls out never to return again to Britain and from there it breaks apart into all the individual little kingdoms and past that you they would just have the legacy of Rome you you’d have for years afterwards they would have um all these old buildings and everything and there there are stories

Of hundreds of years later just like the people seeing these ruins for the first time at the time just marveling at them there was a as an example in Britain there is a place called bath do you know why it was called bath why because the

Romans built a giant bath there and it became known like that’s why the city got the name like basically bath that’s that’s one of the key reasons as to why I kid you not so anyway as we are ending things in here today I think all of you who have been

Watching before we go and finish this off completely though it is time for us to bring back the fabled section of the family history and to that end I’m actually going to be pulling up the one here I had now which technically speaking I probably should have done

That anyway but now at this point I’m just going to be rambling while I try and delay things for the next 5 Seconds while I struggled to try and bring this up and there it is I got it fantastic beautiful you’re doing great I’m doing great so what okay that’s on camera I

Can actually see that now not just okay this one says hello Stephen and Gabby my name is Isaac Angelo I am a logic and Latin teacher part-time blacksmith and lover of History that’s cool I’ve been listening to the podcast for about a year now and I used to

Listen to the old episodes whenever I was drinking or working in my Forge but sadly I eventually ran out of old episodes to listen to after consuming them all yeah that tends to happen here but luckily we’ve been doing this for a while so I’m I’m glad that you’ve been

Listening here for a long time I thoroughly enjoyed the podcast and I especially love the family histories it always fascinates to hear the largely untold stories that can be found in every family this is very true it’s beautiful to me how everyone has a story

To tell and how they all met uh how they all melt together into a grand story of History anyway I figured I’d share some disjointed stories from my own family’s history and maybe they’ll be interesting as well I’ll start with my dad’s side of the family which I know the least about

As you may have guessed from my last name my father’s side of the family is Italian as the Angelo I haven’t been able to find out exactly when my part of the Angelo family immigrated from Italy to America but I do not that it occurred sometime in the mid to late 19th century

I was told that my grandfather or I was told by my grandfather that for a few decades around the turn of the century my ancestors were quite significantly involved in the Virginia Mafia wait V okay although I’m not sure at what level eventually some of the family

Moved to Texas where my grandfather and then my father were born I don’t know much about my paternal grandmother’s family but her maiden name was Morgan and I know her family was part of a group of German immigrants to Oklahoma my mother’s father’s last name was Point

Event apparently there is a museum about the point event family somewhere in Louisiana that is cool that is crazy but I have not been there yet the point event family began in PTO wait uh p o i t o u I’ve always seen that I’ve never known how to actually pronounce

That I don’t know how to pronounce that but it’s the region in France spelled p oi t o u i hate French pronunciation in the 13th century and they were so named because they spoke a certain dialect called putan eventually my part of the family immigrated to FL fla and were

Some of the 40 survivors of the Fort Caroline massacre in 1565 in which the Spanish led by Pedro Menendez murdered 140 French hugenots in an attempt to end French colonization of Florida ouch ironically I was born and raised in St Augustine the first landing site of Pedro mandez where every other building

Is named after him anyway the survivors escaped and some made their way to Louisiana where the point of vent family mixed with the other French settlers as as well as quite a few Scotch Irish eventually the point of vent family grew and spread across America and one

Notable point of vent ancestor was Eliza Jane Point Avent who was the first female newspaper editor in the United States interesting she worked for the pikun Times under the pen name Pearl rivers and so the point of it line continued down to my great-grandfather Adolf poent who served in the Coast

Guard during World War II his son my grandfather would serve in the Army following the war he was stationed in Germany during the occupation there he would meet my grandmother who was born and raised in Germany during the war my grandfather has many stories too many of

Too many to include here about life in 1940s Germany or not grandfather grandmother of course she told me about her core childhood memories getting shot at by Russian soldiers and passing trains as she picked potatoes for dinner yeah know they they freaking hated the Germans they

They there was no peace for them um makes sense budgeting two squares of toilet paper per person per day and running to the Frankfurt bomb shelter at any given time of day or night she has a scar on her shoulder from where she was inoculated in the B bomb shelter

Everyone in the bomb shelter was inoculated with a same knife which was briefly held over a flame to sanitize it between use what yeah cuz what they used to do for anything like is they would straight up like cut you and then inoculation was to insert something

Under your skin but um the knife is what got me I know how inoculation works but the knife well listen to this apparently that wasn’t enough because she still developed an infection which nearly took her arm yeah a lot of my family had small poox like not my like herent

Family but back she was then left with a divot on the backside of her shoulder the size of a silver dollar woo one story which always stood out to me as a child was the story of how rare true Nazism was in Germany it was really only

The people in power who held on to the ideals and a few civilians who made up their small number numbers with noise out of her entire family neighborhood only her grandfather was a Nazi ironically he was also named Adolf and as soon as he began supporting the cause

Her grandmother kicked him out of the house and he was ostracized from the community my grandmother’s cousin was also named Adolf and I find it humorous how common the name Adolf was back in those days yeah because Adolf Adolf is like I think naming a kid that nowadays

Would be the worst some couple straight up named their kid Adolf Hitler like they named him that I’m sure the government made them change not because they were Nazis I can’t even remember if they did or not but um one dad named his kid loser and winner oh God godamn so I

Find out how humorous the and common the name Adolf was in those days he was almost the equivalent of JN in America I have five John’s in my family that I know of and at least four adolfs among my ancestors the only difference is that people are still naming their children

Jon but you’d be hardpressed to find a kid named Adolf her father was drafted into the German Army and taken as a prisoner of war in the battle of Stalingrad he then served the duration of the war working in a Russian coine where he developed black lung disease

And died shortly after returning home when the war ended one thing he told my grandmother stuck with her and it sticks with me as well he said very few of the conscripts of the German Army believed in the Nazi cause we only cooperated for fear of death but let me tell you this

Not every Nazi official who died in battle was shot by the other side yeah especially for one of the ones like the political officers in there oh yeah after my grandfather met my grandmother he took her home with him back to America and married her there she would face extreme prejudice from

Everyone who had lost family members in the two world wars and in spite of this she found a community in the world of Health Care and overcame the stigma surrounding her nationality I’m constantly inspired by my grandmother and the resilience that she and her German family showed throughout the war

Anyways I know this was a lot of stories yeah it was a lot of good ones with little connection but I hope you enjoyed hearing about the wonderful mess that is my family history thank you all of you Gabby and James do to or thank you for

All that you Gabby and James do to entertain and educate us all I look forward to hearing on the next episode of the history of everything Isaac Angelo thank you Isaac that was really nice sorry if I look distracted there for a little bit your mom just got here

Oh oh that’s why the dog was going off and no one was letting her in I had to call my mom oh well anyway guys I have to go say hi to my mother in here and uh then pick up my daughter from school thank you all everyone for joining with

Us I appreciate all of you my ho goodbye bye