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How are we all linked? Is the world getting smaller? How to we travel around and move to different settlements? What impact has this had on the UK and the world around us? This week we are investigating how settlements are linked and continuing to look at how settlements have changed over time. This week we will be investigating the Victorians and finding out more about how they developed settlements and whether there was much improvement for the average person since Medieval Times!
Welcome to our new unit all about the history of settlement as well as investigating why geographers study settlements today. Lots of fun activities, discussions and active learning for you to use as part of your home ed journey. Suitable fun history learning for children, tweens and teenagers. Download the planning pack for lots of helpful activities to create an entire project at home. Builds on lots of history and geography skills.
Good morning how are you all welcome to session for all about settlement so this time has been a bit of a mix of geography and history we’ve been looking at how settlements have developed um and how the kind of history of settlements have affected that so we’ve looked at
Place names and how history’s affected that we’ve looked at why we even settled and places that people chose to settle in um and uh last week we were looking at uh medieval settlements and how settlements evolved we were looking at London um we were looking at land use as
Well and how different uh land is used whether it’s used for um commercial property or whether it’s used for uh industry or whether it’s used for residential and this week we’re going to think about how our settlements are linked and whether the world is getting smaller uh due to how
Settlements are linked and we’re going to think about what the victorians have to do with it all because the victorians are the reason why we have uh Such Great Links uh to all of our segments so hello to everybody I can see who’s watching on Facebook everybody who’s watching on
YouTube and everybody who is watching on catchup so let’s get going shall we and I’ve got first of all a little bit of a mystery for you so this is an object um and I want you to look at the object now if I was with you all I could hand it
Round and you could look at it and I want you to think what’s it made from what period of time do you think it’s from and what do you think it’s used for so those are our three starting questions my mysterious object what’s it made from what period of time is it from
And what do you think it’s used for so I’ve got it wood uh really really quickly so lots of you have identified that it’s made from wood so someone says Phoebe thinks it might be a bell um is it a hammer um is it used for something in a
Bakery what could you use it for in a bakery Noah’s got that it’s made of wood is it used for music is it a hammer is it a light it does look a little bit like a light um is it an alarm that’ be very interested to know what the alarm
Is is it a wooden petel uh says Eve now Eve um is almost there but not quite so you know Pest and mortar where you sort of bash something in a like a little pot it’s called a pestel of mortar uh grounding up flour it isn’t grounding up
Flour and it’s not for Rolling the dough out it definitely is Victorian um it’s not for making pies it’s not for ringing a bell it does look a little bit like a ringer I’m going to go back to Eve’s comment where she was talking about a pestel and water it’s
Definitely for bashing something up but it’s not flour and it’s not herbs or spices it’s not for clothes so I give you a clue as to how big it is if I could get let you all hold it it’s around about this big so it’s hard to
Tell from a picture so around about this big now if it was washing clothes if it was a Victorian they were called dollies they are really really big and they’ve got three prongs at the bottom so it’s not full washing it’s not for bashing meat and it’s not a coder uh but it’s
About this big H shall I tell you what it is we’re all really some of us really close it’s definitely for using in the kitchen so we’re going to have a bit of a drum roll and I’ll tell you what it is it’s a potato masher it is a Victorian
Potato masher um and the reason that we are I thought that we would start with looking at a potato masher is because what we’re going to be looking at a what a potato masher have you got a potato masher in your I should have brought my potato masher my potato masher is like
Silver and it’s like got a flat bit with like little holes in it for the potato to squish through oh man lo you don’t know want a potato Basher is come on it’s a mashing potatoes do you not have potato Mashers at home go and ask your
Grown up do you have a potato masher um oh my goodness you don’t have one oh my goodness no lots of you don’t have one well I can’t leave the live lesson and go hunting for my potato masher but basically they’re like silver um and you boil up your potatoes and
Then you mash them with some butter or some milk or some spread um we have one how do you make mash otherwise I don’t know maybe people don’t eat Mash so yeah you mash the potato and you can buy them in plastic or you can buy them in metal
So my one’s metal but this is a Victorian uh mashed potato maker and this is a Victorian a great Victorian inventure oh some of you have got one some of you got a potato Basher um so I don’t actually really like mashed potato I’ve got to be
Honest but my family love mashed potato so we do have a potato masher but yeah you mash your potato so you’ve got mashed potato and this is the Victor this is a Victorian uh Implement and this might sound like a really random thing like why are you showing me a
Potato masher Chrissy what on Earth has this got to do with settlements well it’s because we’re going to be looking at how um settlements have developed and you remember I finished off last week by looking at how the Victorian era uh how London developed now this is London in the chudah era and
Then this is London by the time you get to the Victorian era and what we have in the Victorian era is something known as the Industrial Revolution where we move from settlements being uh just farming and people farming um for a living to having industrial Machinery so the
Victorians were great inventors not only did they have potato mashes but what they also had was they invented lots and lots of different machines and machinery and so it’s known as the Industrial Revolution because it dramatically changes settlements we suddenly have massive cities and massive towns huge
Factories where we are doing all sorts of things from weaving cotton to weaving cloth to making uh uh China clay and and beautiful pottery to making beautiful glasses and CIS St Weare and things are becoming absolutely a word of the scene is mass produced so if you look at house there’s
The like just one little curve of the TS this is London in The Tudor era and then this is if you find that little curve there again and that it was just there and now you look at how big London becomes in the Victorian uh in the
Victorian times and what it does is it does two things it has a dramatic um implications for how we are all linked as settlements and also it has dramatic implications for the size of settlement so there’s two things there how we all get uh from settlement
To settlement and also um how towns and cities developed and it’s mainly to do with this it’s to do with lots of other things but amongst all the invention of the steam Railway so the victor era you’ve got various Engineers you’ve got Brunell down in the South who developed
The um London to Bristol Railway and up in the north you have the Stockton to Darlington Railway and we also just before the railways we have canals so you may be near canals uh canals are all hand dog they were hand dog by people using Spades and axes in fact I went to
An old disuse Canal for a walk on on Sunday and the height of it was at because it was just uh there’s no water in it you could walk along the old Canal but the height of it was incredible they were all dug By Hand by uh people that
Were known as navies and then after canals then was the development of the steam Railway and if you’re interested in Steam Trains as I said you’ve got the Stevenson and the Stockton to Darlington and they created steam engines like the rocket and if you’re more down south and
Go check out after this lesson isard Kingdom funell who built the London Bristol Railway and eventually all the way down to penance and so this dramatically changes settlements because we move from just being uh people in our little towns or our Villages mainly Villages farming and if we wanted to get
Anywhere most people just walked because we didn’t have most people could afford you know nice horses and horses and carriages so most people just stayed in their little village and they didn’t really go anywhere you might have walked to the next Village maybe on a Sunday to
Play a cricket match in the summer but you didn’t really visit anyone um and there wasn’t a postal service the trains brought a postal service and so people tended to stay in their little Villages and then we have this massive Industrial Revolution um we uh have the invention
Of trains and it’s something that everybody can afford so steam trains have first class tickets they have second class tickets and they had third class tickets and so for the first time people could actually move from settlement to settlement so this is the first time that people started if you
Were working class to go on a holiday to the seaside and so most of the traditional British Seaside towns grew up in the Victorian year because For the First Time people were able to leave their Villages and their towns and get on a train and go to the seaside before
That you were you had just very poor roads and the only people that really traveled were the rich in their horses and carriages so the victorians had a humongous impact on settlements and so obviously we don’t use steam trains today uh Eve likes going to the West
Sumer that steam train uh there’s lots of steam Railways still around where you can go on a Sunday and have a little a journey on them and there’s lots of really great museums as well we’ve got the National Railway Museum got the Steam Museum in Swindon um and there’s
Lots of different uh museums which talk about the impact that the train had and so that’s what we’re going to think about how the victorians started to link places together so so I want you to start thinking and you can just think about this at home rather than writing
It necessarily in the chat because remember we need to think about not oversharing our locations and things but maybe have a think or chat to a grown up what places are you linked to what places are you link to and then the other thing is you might think about is
You know do you travel to another town to go shopping uh do you go to a club or activity somewhere that’s not where you live uh do you like going to a particular County um or a particular country on holiday um or do you do like a HED kind
Of school trip so we do in our area lots of school trips but there for home edas where you um still go somewhere um and you sort of it would be a school trip as in you go somewhere and you pay the school rate and you do the workshops
Like school children don’t know if you do that near you um but um do you have you been anywhere on one of those types of trips with your homeade community have you ever lived in another town or another County or maybe another country um or do you have family or friends that
Live in another town or another County or another country or maybe you have a favorite musician or sports player or sports team that come from another town so there’s lots and lots of ways that you can be linked so I live um near in the cot World sort of nearish to siren
Cester um but I have links to um Cornwall as lots of you know because I’ve told you before that I’m actually originally from Cornwall um I went to University in in Wales so I have a link to um particular cities in Wales um I like going to Oxford because I like
Going to uh the museums in Oxford I sometimes like uh going shopping to Bristol um we quite often like going down to Dorset because my eldest really likes fishing so we go and do a lot of fishing down in Dorset um and so we’re really linked to lots of other places
Elan’s Auntie lives in Australia my auntie lives in Australia too uh my nanny lives in Wales uh so yeah so you travel around so lots of you have you might go to a different place for um a hobby or an activity um so um my uh my
My children go to sort of three villages over to play cricket and then they go a completely different direction to play um to play um hockey my elst likes to play hockey and then we go completely different place for another for other sports some of you can reach the beach
So have a little thing can you imagine life before any of those so Rose was born in Scotland but her mom’s family a French so we are really highly linked to lots and lots of places and we sometimes don’t give it much thought do we we just
Jump on a bus or we jump on a PL airplane if you’re lucky to go on holiday on an airplane or we uh jump in the car and we just go places and we don’t think about what life was like before we were linked and we are really really linked
So we’re linked to lots and lots of places we often travel out of our area in fact I live in the middle of nowhere right now so I definitely have to travel out of my area just to go to the supermarket um so uh we’re very much
Linked now the next thing is my family have always lived in the same city for several Generations do you know what that’s amazing and that’s awesome um if you trace your family tree back that’s um that’s a really interesting thing to see where you’ve all kind of where
You’ve all kind of come from and who you’re all linked to now when you travel around how do you get there what was your main method of transport and are there any other ways you could travel there so how do we get around quite an easy question but all
The different ways we could get around so we could get around on a car we live on an island and have to go over a bridge to go to the mainland that sounds awesome I’d like to live on an island yeah so you go on a car if you go on a
Plane you could walk absolutely I don’t like going on planes I’m a bit scared of flying um you could uh go on a tram do any of you live near trams they’re quite unusual I like I like a tram uh you can go on a train um if you live in you
Could go on a boat abely we went to Norfolk um in the summer there are lots of people living and moving around on boats what else go on a scooter good go a taxi go on a bike you could go on your Pony I love that wish I had a Pony um
Electric scooters are pretty big now aren’t they in lots of cities you can definitely do that bikes are good for the environment um what about if you go to London what’s the main way of travel ah Jack’s got it you can go on the tube so there’s lots of different ways now
One way is obviously by getting in a car or getting on a bus and so if you look at all of the roads that interconnect us the easiest thing I know that when I leave my front door if I could pick my camera up and I could walk outside I
Have a pretty good apart from potholes but we won’t get into that but a pretty good road and I could get in my car or get on a bus and I can pretty much go anywhere due to the network of Roads there’s very I don’t think there’s probably anywhere you couldn’t get to
Everywhere had some sort of Road we’re going to talk about the tube in a minute so here is the first way that the world and the and things are a lot smaller now I’m going to stop my camera but there’s lots of different roads we’ve got motorways which are um often
Uh the biggest ways of getting around and then we have a roads and B roads and then little tracks um on here the motorway the M4 is a big Orange road but there’s lots and lots and lots of different roads um so my first question
Is can you see filon which is just near where my arrow is and then um I don’t know why my I have my um hang on a minute my arrows so here’s here and here is filter I don’t know why my arrows have slipped that’s better how
Would you trap between filter and bean maker so let’s recap some map skills we’ve done map skills before what roads would I go on can you have a little look what roads would I go on i’ get in my car or I get on the bus what roads would I go
On you can work it without using your fingers on the screen or you could um write it in the chat you could talk about it at home what roads would I get on I need to get on a road before I get on the M4 what’s the first road out of
Bristol yeah can you see what the orange road is called so before the M4 can you see the other one so to get out of Bristol I’d go on the M32 first yes well done so I’d start on the M32 until I got uh to the M4 and then
I’d take the motorway East and I’d go all the way down the M4 until I got to kind of near where it says uh Stanton St Quinton and kington St Michael and then i’ go down the a 350 and I’d go all the way down and then I’d end up in B naker
Absolutely however the countryside could be nicer so if you looked you could you could sort of maybe go on the M32 and then you could um go down the um uh you could then go down the a420 and then you could go across um and then you could go down the A50 so
There’s lots and lots and lots of different ways that you could travel and we sometimes don’t give it much thought and we don’t give it much thought because we have saat on our phone and so we tend to just type in the address that we’re going to and off we go and we
Often don’t think about how we’re all really closely connected and how intricate our road network is and thinking about before we had all of this road Network really we just had a few very very very poor roads that just connected the main Market towns and that most people didn’t really travel at
All now the other thing that some people were talking about is they were talking about you can get um on the train and so we’ve got lots and lots of ma of of Rail lines so we can go pretty much um most places uh most major cities using uh the
Railway line so you can see here the London to Bristol the gwr the Great Western Railway that I was talking about earlier and there’s various different now they’re not as um they’re not as um um sort of direct but we do still have lots and lots of Railways the other
Thing which I’m not sure anybody mentioned we talked about boat but maybe not ferry in particular but fairies if you lived in Scotland for example can you see all of these islands all off of Scotland and can you see all of the different roots for passenger faeries so
These settlements all up here are all connected using passenger fairies and if you live on the aisle of white uh then they rely on a passenger Ferry if you go to the art of silly uh they all uh rely on various fairies um and so people rely
On fairies and you may um fairies not a fairy definitely a ferry um I don’t think fairies would take you very far um but that would be quite cool um and you might have been on a ferry to France for example so again we rely on not only
Roads but our rail network our ferry system and even um you know if we thinking about moving Goods around to set various settlements we still rely on massive container boats um and we uh rely on our Railway Network now some of us talk about what’s the underground
Well if you go to London because London is so built up you uh London developed an underground train and that is known as the tube and the tube works like this there’s lots of different lines so there’s the bakero line and the district line and the padilly line and there’s
Lots and lots of different Trends and you go under the ground and the platforms are under the ground and then you get on an underground train so it’s quite dark and then they are all connected so if I was going to East from East Acton can you see where East Acton
Is on the left and I was going to Camden town where would I go what tray what tube lines would I go on because often you find are lots of ways uh to go yes the a of one is accessed by hovercraft and thees absolutely I quite I quite
Like looking for hobcraft I often watch it in Portsmouth because we like going to Portsmouth so I could go on the central line all the way to Tottenham Court Road and then I could go on the Northern line all the way up to Camden town can you
See that with your finger but I could use something else I could go to um uh Bond Street then I could go up the Jubilee line to Baker Street and I could go all the way long all the way along um and to um Warren Street then I could go
Up to Canon town so yeah there’s lots and lots and lots of different tubes have you ever been on the tube have you ever been on the tube but what I really want you to think about is is the world getting smaller we have um all of these different ways of
Getting around what I want you to remember is in the Victorian era they just didn’t we had very very rudimentary before the Victorian era rather we had just very very rudimentary roads and then the development of the canals and the development of the railways was the start of this massive Industrial
Revolution and this development in machines which led to the development of the car um and which led to the development of the air airplane and the development of all of the the electric train and all of the the electric scooters and all the things that we have
Today and so really we have the victorians to kind of maybe thank uh some people think that actually we should uh maybe go back to just living a more simpler life in our little towns and Villages and growing our own food but lots of people think that really the
Victorian era is the reason why the world got smaller and so what you could do on of this lesson is you could think about researching different ways of completing the same Journey so someone likes going to the museums in London um at some I like as I saying I like to go
To Portsmouth because I like going down to see all the ships down at the dockyard can you work out what’s the cheapest what’s the fastest what’s the most convenient or what’s has the least environmental impact using the carbon footprint calculators which you can find online um but it does it makes travel um
More accessible to people and as I said the Victorian era was the time uh and thankful uh the the time the opportunity due to the first really the development of the Railway that people first got holidays so if you go if you live in an old settlement that is an old Seaside
Town so I grew up in Penzance uh right down on the bottom of the coast of Cornwall the reason that pensant had a lot of the facilities it did was because it was the end of the train line uh from uh London um all the way down the gwr the great westling Railway
And it’s where people went on holiday and because you could get first class tickets second class tickets and third class tickets as I said it meant that everybody no matter what their income could afford to go to the seaside so the victorians are often um kind of
Identified as the people who uh started us going on holidays um so that’s what made settlements definitely far um far more interconnected it was definitely the start of that Journey but also the other thing that the victorians did was the victorians um develop the size of settlements so these are lots of example
It is very expensive to get on a train I do agree um these Victorian houses you can see lots and lots of different types of Victorian houses because when we had these massive factories um so there’s lots of examples of Victorian factories built all around um so there’s a very
Famous uh one which makes chocolate but lots of these big factories were built and they caused lots and lots and lots of uh settlements to grow and grow um and so they built lots and lots of different houses and so you might be able to find some Victorian houses
Dependent on your settlement where you live near to you because so many people move from the countryside where farming was a hard life and so dependent on the rain and the weather uh to work in factories and it meant that lots and lots of houses were needed and so if you
Tend to find rows and rows and rows of small Terrace houses uh they tend to be Victorian where you had two rooms downstairs two rooms upstairs usually a small yard and if you have any of these types of houses where you live they tend to be Victorian because lots of people
Moved to these towns and cities and lots and lots and lots of houses were built and towns and cities expanded because people were moving to work in those factories um they weren’t partic they look quite nice those uh those red brick houses but just to say a lot of them
Were really really very small they were built backto back um and they had outside vicinity so I thought that I would um look at show you this picture here this is a toilet uh this is their outside toilet which would be shared uh probably with quite a few houses so
Although they look quite uh Charming now quite often they weren’t actually particularly charming and also if you see any of these really grand houses um they often are either Georgian or Victorian but these are very very grand houses that were also built because obviously people building these factories became even more wealthy so
You have lots of you might find houses a little bit like this near you and these were often those wealthy where the wealthy victorians were and so you have settlements with large Victorian homes you can often go and visit some there’s lots of various examples um out there
Over by um various organizations with beautiful furnishings and beautiful decorations and flushing toilets and inside bathrooms and servants quarters and these beautiful beautiful houses but most people lived in these small backtack houses and if you’re near to a Living Museum so I know they have back-to-back houses at the Black Country
Museum in Dudley that’s an example they also have them at Bliss Hill they also have them at St fagons which is the Museum of Welsh life near to Cardiff but there’s lots around if you have the opportunity to go and look at some of the Victorian settlements or find out
Where there might be some near to you and go and look at what Victorian settlements look like but you’ve got the grand houses of the of the rich but most people lived in these really tiny backtack houses which were often sometimes one or two rooms um one room
Below one room above maybe two and be in mind lots of people might have had eight 10 12 children all sleeping in one room uh some people would um share with more than one family um talking about um researching uh your family tree we discovered looking at some of my
Relatives looking at the census which is where which you do where you have to write sort of your occupation and your address um and the the census is gathered I think it’s like every five years I’m not sure but where is his place of address one of my relatives in the Victorian era
It says the landing because they didn’t even have a room in a house their family lived on the landing of um of a house so they used to share not own they shared obviously a house with more than one family and they just had the landing uh
With eight children it’s just mad so definitely go find some now we’re going to now just finish off uh as we’re comeing to the end of this lesson by comparing what we learned last week about Medieval houses with what you think Victorian houses um might be like so simple functional and longlasting do
You think that’s Medieval houses or do you think that’s Victorian houses absolutely terrible living conditions slum living conditions for a lot of people so do you think that’s medieval or do you think that is Victorian thank you I usually well depends on the weather sometimes I put my twinkle
Hoodie on but I’ve got my big buppy on but thank you to the person saying like them so that was medieval but you could say victorians potentially had uh longlasting but far more simple Medieval houses were far more simple because if you remember they were one room and you
Shared it with your cattle and your animals thick walls small small windows and steep RS what do you think that wise what do you think that one is you think that’s medieval or do you think that is Victoria I think we’ve got it it is it’s medieval you’ve only got really small
Windows because they didn’t have glass so and really steep roofs to let the water off absolutely constructed mly of brick and differed greatly based on your social status what do you think that one is think that’s medieval or you think that’s Victorian what do we think that’s medieval absolutely Victorian so do go
And find out about your settlements um but they very much differed based on your social status often two up two down with sometimes more than one Family Sharing with outside facilities only what you think that is Medieval I think that’s Victorian one of the highest paid jobs
In the Victorian era was to go you basically you went outside to the toilet it was basically a hole in the ground with a seat and somebody that would come and dig it all out and take it away yes it’s definitely Victorian made of wle door thatch and one room that’s pretty
Easy do we think what do we think I’ve made some wle and orb it’s very messy wle and orb so like sticks with sort of dumb absolutely medieval the emerging middle classes created large and fashionable houses to show off their New Wealth so what do we think the middle
Class so the new middle class which we didn’t have what do we think this one is it absolutely is the Victorian era so as I said go and see if you’ve got any near you one room often shared with your cattle they’re very very smelly think that’s medieval or you think that one’s
Victorian what do we reckon that’s definitely medieval and due to rapid industrialization most people lived in backto back houses what do you think that one is that one is Victorian so well done go and check out some of your local settlements and do start to think about
The impact that the victorians had on settlements and and on the start of that development of Transport with the coming of the railways and find out some Victor what where the nearest Victorian Seaside town is to you and how that grew up in the Victorian era maybe see if you have
Any Victorian houses and go on a little homade trip um with your grown-ups um as I said see if there’s any examples of backtack houses in a living museum near to you um and also start to look at different ways you can get around can we
Get around in uh can you plan a journey um that uh has the least environmental impact or is the cheapest so thank you very very much don’t forget that there is the uh planning pack if you want some extra uh things to do you can find it
Here here or here and join me next week where it is going to be our last week I think of this block this is Lesson Four isn’t it so I think we B next week um and it so thank you very very much have a lovely lovely week and I’ll see you
Next week see you soon