The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle AD 890. Audiobook, full length

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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a historical text that covers the years 1 to 1154 AD. The specific year 890 AD, falls within a period often referred to as the “Alfredian Chronicle” or the “Winchester Chronicle.” This period is dominated by the reign of King Alfred the Great, who ruled from 871 to 899 AD.

The Chronicle is a compilation of annals, essentially year-by-year entries, chronicling the major events in England. It was likely initiated during the reign of King Alfred, and subsequent entries were added by various authors and scribes over the years. The key source manuscripts for the Chronicle are kept in different locations, including the British Library and the Bodleian Library.

The entries for the year 890 AD may include details about political events, battles, Viking invasions, and other noteworthy occurrences. During this period, England was facing frequent Viking raids and invasions, and King Alfred played a crucial role in defending the kingdom. The Chronicle provides insights into the challenges faced by the Anglo-Saxons during this time, as well as the strategies employed by King Alfred to protect his realm.

It’s important to note that the Chronicle is not a uniform work, and different versions exist. The entries can vary in detail and perspective, and some versions extend beyond 1154 AD. The Chronicle serves as a valuable historical source for understanding the events and dynamics of early medieval England, shedding light on the interactions between the Anglo-Saxons and Viking invaders.
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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ad. 890 originally compiled on the orders of King Alfred the Great approximately ad. 890 and subsequently maintained and added to by generations of anonymous scribes until the middle of the 12th century the original language is Anglo-Saxon Old English but later entries are essentially Middle English in tone original introduction to

Ingram’s Edition England May boast of two subst FAL monuments of its early history to either of which it would not be easy to find a parallel in any Nation ancient or modern these are the record of Doomsday 1 and the Saxon Chronicle 2 the former which is little more than a

Statistical survey but contains the most authentic information relative to The Descent of property and the comparative importance of the different parts of the Kingdom at a very interesting period the wisdom and liberality of the British Parliament long long since deemed worthy of being printed fre among the public records by Commissioners appointed for

That purpose the other work though not treated with absolute neglect has not received that degree of attention which every person who feels an interest in the events and transactions of former times would naturally expect in the first place it has never been printed entire from a collation of all the

MSS but of the extent of the two former editions compared with the present the reader May form some idea when he is told that Professor wellx chronologia Anglo saxonica which was the first attempt for of the kind published at Cambridge in 1644 is comprised in less than 62 folio Pages exclusive of the

Latin appendix the improved Edition by Edmund Gibson afterwards Bishop of London printed at Oxford in 1692 exhibits nearly four times the quantity of the former but is very far from being the entire five Chronicle as the editor considered it the text of the present Edition it was found could not be

Compressed within a shorter Compass than 374 pages though the editor has suppressed many notes and illustrations which may be thought necessary to the general reader some variations in the mizes may also still remain unnoticed partly because they were considered of little importance and partly from an apprehension lest the

Commentary as it sometimes happens should seem an wieldy burthen rather than a necessary appendage to the text indeed till the editor had made some progress in the work he could not have imagined that so many original and authentic materials of our history still remained unpublished to those who are

Unacquainted with this Monument of our national Antiquities two questions appear requisite to be answered what does it contain and by whom was it written the Indulgence of the critical antiquary is solicited whilst we Endeavor to answer in some some degree each of these questions to the first question we answer that the Saxon

Chronicle contains the original and authentic testimony of contemporary writers to the most important transactions of our forefathers both by sea and land from their first arrival in this country to the year 1154 were we to descend to particulars it would require a volume to discuss the great variety of subjects which it

Embraces suffice it to say that every reader will here find many interesting facts relative to our architecture our agriculture our coinage our Commerce our Naval and Military Glory our laws our Liberty and our religion in this Edition also will be found numerous specimens of Saxon poetry never before printed which

Might form the groundwork of an introductory volume to Wharton’s elaborate annals of English poetry philosophically considered this ancient record is the Second Great phenomenon in the history of mankind for if we accept the sacred annals of the Jews contained in the several books of the Old Testament there is no other work

Extant ancient or modern which exhibits at one view a regular and chronological Panorama of a people described in Rapid succession by different writers through so many ages in their own vernacular language hence it may safely be considered nor only as the Primeval Source from which all subsequent historians of English Affairs have

Principally derived their material and consequently the Criterion by which they are to be judged but also as the faithful depository of our national idiom affording at the same time to the scientific investigator of the human mind a very interesting and extraordinary example of the changes

Incident to a language as well as to a nation in its progress from rudess to refinement but that the reader May more clearly see how much we are indebted to the Saxon Chronicle it will be necessary to examine what is contained in other sources of our history prior to the accession of Henry

II the period wherein this invaluable record terminates the most ancient historian of our own Island whose work has been preserved is gildas who flourished in the latter part of the 6th Century British antiquaries of the present day will doubtless forgive me if I leave in their original obscurity the Prophecies

Of Merlin and the exploits of King Arthur with all the Knights of the Round Table as scarcely coming within the verge of History not withstanding also the authority of Baal and of the writers whom he follows I cannot persuade myself to rank Joseph of arthea araras and bonduca or even the emperor Constantine

Himself among the illustrious writers of Great Britain I begin therefore with gildas because though he did not compile a regular history of the island he has left us amidst a cumbrous mass of pompous rapid and queres declamation some curious descriptions of the character and manners of the inhabitants not only the Britain and

Saxons but the PS and Scots six there are also some parts of his work almost literally transcribed by bead which confirm the brief statements of the Saxon Chronicle 7 but there is throughout such a want of precision and simplicity such a barrenness of facts amidst a multiplicity of words such a

Scantiness of names of places and persons of dates and other circumstances that we are obliged to have recourse to the Saxon anals or to venerable bead to supply the absence of those two great lights of History chronology and topography the next historian worth notice here is nus who is supposed to

Have flourished in the 7th Century but the work ascribed to him is so full of interpolations and Corruptions introduced by his transcribers and particularly by a simpleton who is called Samuel or his master Banus or both who appear to have lived in the 9th century that it is

Difficult to say how much of this modly production is original and authentic be that as it may the writer of the copy printed by Gail Bears ample testimony to the Saxon Chronicle and says expressly that he compiled his history partly from the records of the

Scots and Saxons 8 at the end is a confused but very curious appendix containing that very genealogy with some brief notices of Saxon affairs which the fastidiousness of Banus or of his amanuensis the afores said Samuel would not allow him to transcribe this writer although he professes to be the first

Historiographer nine of the Britains has sometimes repeated the very words of gildas 10 whose name is even prefixed to some copies of the work it is a pural composition without judgment selection or method 11 filled with legendary Tales of Trojan Antiquity of magical delusion and of the miraculous exploits of St

Germaine and EST Patrick not to mention those of the Valiant Arthur who is said to have fell to the ground in one day single-handed 840 Saxons it is remarkable that this taste for The Marvelous which does not seem to be adapted to the sober sense of Englishman was afterwards revived in all

Its Glory by Jeffrey of Monmouth in the Norman age of credulity and romance we come now to a more cheering Prospect and behold a steady light reflected on the Saxon Chronicle by the ecclesiastical history of bead a writer who without the intervention of any legendary tale truly deserves the title

Of venerable 12 with a store of classical learning not very common in that age and with a Simplicity of language seldom found in monastic latinity he has molded into something like a regular form the scattered fragments of Roman British Scottish and Saxon history his work indeed is professedly

Ecclesiastical but when we consider the prominent station which the church had at this time assumed in England we need not be surprised if we find therein the same intermixture of civil military and ecclesiastical Affairs which forms so remarkable a feature in the Saxon Chronicle hence Gibson concludes that

Many passages of the latter description were derived from the work of beid 13 he thinks the same of the description of Britain the notices of the Roman emperors and the detail of the first arrival of the Saxons but it may be observed those passages to which he alludes are not to

Be found in the earlier mizes the description of Britain which forms the introduction and refers us to a period antecedent to the invasion of Julius Caesar appears only in three copies of the chronicle two of which are of so late a date as the Norman conquest and both derived from the same Source

Whatever relat to the succession of the Roman emperors was so universally known that it must be considered as common property and so short was the interval between the departure of the Romans and the arrival of the Saxons that the latter must have preserved amongst them sufficient memorials and traditions to connect

Their own history with that of their predecessors like all rude Nations they were particularly attentive to genealogies and these together with the succession of their kings their battles and their conquests must be derived originally from the Saxons themselves and not from gildas or nus or beid 14 Gibson himself was so convinced of

This that he afterwards attributes to the Saxon Chronicle all the knowledge we have of those Early times 15 moreover we might ask if our whole dependence had been centered in bead what would have become of us after his death 16 mansbury indeed asserts with some degree of

Vanity that you will not not easily find a Latin historian of English Affairs between beid and himself 17 and in the fullness of self-complacency professes his determination to season with Roman salt the barbarisms of his native tongue he affects great contempt for eward whose work will be considered

Hereafter and he well knew how unacceptable any Praise of the Saxon anals would be to the Normans with whom he was connected 18 he thinks it necessary to give his reasons on one occasion for inserting from these very annals what he did not find in bead though it is obvious that

The best part of his materials almost to his own times is derived from the same Source the object of Bishop aser the biographer of Alfred who comes next in order was to deliver to posterity a complete Memorial of that Sovereign and of the transactions of his Reign to him

Alone are we indebted for the detail of many interesting circumstances in the life and character of his Royal Patron 19 but most of the public transactions will be found in the pages of the Saxon Chronicle some passages of which he appears to have translated so literally that the modern version of Gibson does

Not more closely represent the original in the additions of Parker Camden and wise the last notice of any public event refers to the year 887 the interpolated copy of Gail called by some pseudo ayus and by others the chronicle of St neats is extended to the year 91420 much difference of opinion exists

Respecting this work into the discussion of which it is not our present purpose to enter one thing is remarkable it contains the vision of drum copied from bead and that of Charles King of the Franks which mansbury thought it worthwhile to repeat in his history of the Kings of England what Gail observes

Concerning the Fidelity with which these annals of Asser are copied by maranis is is easily explained they both translated from the Saxon Chronicle as did also Florence of Worcester who interpolated maranas of whom we shall speak Hereafter but the most faithful and extraordinary follower of the Saxon

Annals is Ethel word who seems to have disregarded almost all other sources of information one great error however he committed for which msberry does nor spare him despairing of the reputation of classical learning if he had followed the Simplicity of the Saxon original he fell into a sort of measured and

Inverted Pros peculiar to himself which being at first sufficiently obscure is sometimes rendered almost unintelligible by the incorrect manner in which it has been printed his authority nevertheless in an historical point of view is very respectable being one of the few writers untainted by monastic Prejudice 21 he

Does not travel out of his way to indulge in legendary tales and romantic Visions critically considered his work is the best commentary on the Saxon Chronicle to the year 977 at which period one of the mizes which he seems to have followed terminates brevity and compression

Seemed to have been his aim because the compilation was intended to be sent abroad for the instruction of a female relative of high rank in Germany 22 at her request but there are nevertheless some circumstances recorded which are not to be found elsewhere so that a reference to this epitome of Saxon

History will be sometimes useful in illustrating the early part of the chronicle though Gibson I know not on what account has scarcely once quoted it during the sanguinary conflicts of the 11th century which ended first in the temporary Triumph of the Danes and afterwards in the total subjugation of

The country by the Normans literary Pursuits as might be expected were so much neglected that scarcely a Latin writer is to be found but that Saxon Chronicle has preserved a regular minute detail of occurrences as they passed along of which subsequent historians were glad to Avail themselves for nearly

A century after the conquest the Saxon analysts appear to have been chiefly eyewitnesses of the transactions which they relate 23 the policy of the Conqueror led him by degrees to employ Saxons as well as Normans and William II found them the most faithful of his subjects but such an influx of

Foreigners naturally corrupted the ancient language till at length after many foreign and domestic Wars Tranquility being restored on the accession of Henry II literature revived a taste for composition increased and a compilation of Latin histories of English and Foreign Affairs Blended and diversified with the fabled romance and legendary

Tale became the ordinary path to distinction it is remarkable that when the Saxon Chronicle ends Jeffrey of Monmouth begins almost every great Monastery about this time had its historian but some still adhered to the ancient method Florence of Worcester an interpolator of maranas as we before observed closely follows bead Asser and

The Saxon Chronicle 24 the same may be observed of the anal of gisburn of margan of mayos of Waverly Etc some of which are Anonymous compilations whilst others have the name of an author or rather transcriber for very few aspire to the character of authors or original

Historians Thomas wees a Canon of os who compiled a Latin Chronicle of English affairs from the conquest to the year 1304 tells us expressly that he did this not because he could add much to the histories of beid William of Newberg and Matthew Paris but prop teroris kabus non subti copia

Librorum 25 before the invention of printing it was necessary that numerous copies of historical Works should be transcribed for the instruction of those who had not access to libraries the transcribers frequently added something of their own and Abridged or omitted what they thought less interesting hence the endless variety of

Interpolators and deflators of English History William of Momsy indeed deserves to be selected from all his competitors for the superiority of his genius but he is occasionally inaccurate and negligent of dates and other minor circumstances in so much that his modern translator has corrected some mistakes and supplied the deficiencies in his

Chronology by a reference to the Saxon Chronicle Henry of Huntington when he is not transcribing bead or Translating that Saxon anals may be placed on the same Shelf with Jeffrey of month as I have now brought the reader to the period when our Chronicle terminates I shall dismiss without much

Ceremony the succeeding writers who have partly borrowed from this Source Simon of Durham who transcribes Florence of Worcester the two prior of Hexum gervis Hoven bronton stubs the two Matthews of Paris and Westminster and many others considering that sufficient has been said to convince those who may not have

Leisure or opportunity to examine the matter themselves that however numerous are the Latin historians of England Affairs almost everything original and authentic and essentially conducive to a correct knowledge of our general history to the period above mentioned may be traced to the Saxon animals it is now

Time to examine who were probably the writers of these anals I say probably because we have very little more than rational conjecture to guide us the period antecedent to the times of bead except where passages were afterwards inserted was perhaps little else origin Ally than a kind of chronological table of events

With a few genealogies and notices of the death and succession of kings and other distinguished personages but it is evident from the preface of bead and from many passages in his work that he received considerable assistance from Saxon Bishops Abbotts and others who not only communicated certain traditionary facts

Viva voi but also transmitted to him many written documents these therefore must have been the early Chronicles of Wessex of Kent and of the other provinces of the heptarchy which formed together the groundwork of his history with greater honesty than most of his followers he has given us the names of those learned

Persons who assisted him with this local information the first is Al aquinus or albinus an Abbot of Canterbury at whose instigation he undertook the work who sent by not Helm afterwards Archbishop of that Province a full account of all ecclesiast astical transactions in Kent and in the contiguous districts from the

First conversion of the Saxons from the same Source he partly derived his information respecting the provinces of Essex Wessex East Anglia and North Umbria Bishop Daniel communicated to him by letter many particulars concerning Wessex Sussex and the Isle of white he acknowledges assistance more than once ex scriptus

Prium and there is every reason to believe that some of these preceding records were the Anglo-Saxon animals for we have already seen that such records were in existence before the age of nus in proof of this we may observe that even the phraseology sometimes partakes more of the Saxon idiom than the

Latin if therefore it be admitted as there is every reason to conclude from the foregoing remarks that certain succinct and chronological Arrangements of historical facts had taken place in several provinces of the heptarchy before the time of beid let us inquire by whom they were likely to have been

Made in the province of Kent the first person on record who is celebrated for his learning is Tobias the 9th Bishop of Rochester who succeeded to that sea in 693 he is noticed by bead as not only furnished with an ample store of Greek and Latin literature but skilled also in

The Saxon language and audition 26 it is probable therefore that he left some proofs of this attention to his native language and as he died within a few years of bead the latter would naturally Avail himself of his labors it is worthy also of remark that Bert Wald who succeeded to the illustrious

Theodore of Tarsus in 690 was the first English or Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury from this period consequently we may date that cultivation of the vernacular tongue which would lead to the composition of brief Chronicles 27 and other vehicles of instruction necessary for the Improvement of a rude and illiterate people the first

Chronicles were perhaps those of Kent or Wessex which seem to have been regularly continued at intervals by the archbishops of Canterbury or by their Direction 28 at least as far as the year 101 or by even 1070 for the Ben Ms which some call the pland MS ends in the latter year the

Rest being in Latin from internal evidence indeed of an indirect nature there is great reason to presume that Archbishop pman transcribed where superintended this very copy of the Saxon annals to the year 89129 the year in which he came to the Sea inserting both before and after this

Date to the time of his death in 923 such additional materials as he was well qualified to furnish from his high station and learning and the confidential intercourse which he enjoyed in the court of King Alfred the total omission of his own name except by another hand of affords indirect

Evidence of some importance in support of this conjecture whether King Alfred himself was the author of A distinct and separate Chronicle of Wessex cannot now be determined that he furnished additional supplies of historical matter to the older Chronicles is I conceive sufficiently obvious to every reader who

Will take the trouble of examining the subject the argument of darar beak the present dean of Bristol in an obliging letter to the editor on this subject is not without its force that it is extremely improbable when we consider the number and variety of King Alfred’s works that he should have neglected the

History of his own country besides a genealogy of the kings of Wessex from church to his own time which seems never to have been Incorporated with any Ms of the Saxon Chronicle though prefixed or annexed to several he undoubtedly preserved many traditionary facts with a full and circumstantial detail of his

Own operations as well as those of his father brother and other members of his family which scarcely any other person than himself could have supplied to doubt this would be as incredulous a thing as to deny that zenfan wrote his anabasis or Caesar his commentaries from the time of Alfred and

Pman to a few years after the Norman Conquest these Chronicles seem to have been continued by different hands under the offices of such men as archbishops dunon alfrick and others whose characters have been much misrepresented by ignorance and skepticism on the one hand as well as by mistaken Zeal and

Devotion on the other the indirect evidence respecting dunen and alfrick is as curious as that concerning pland but the discussion of it would lead us into a wide and barren field of Investigation nor is this the place to refute the errors of hicks cave and Warden already noticed by wanl in his

Preface The Chronicles of Abington of Worcester of Peterborough and others are continued in the same manner by different hands partly though not exclusively by monks of those monasteries who very naturally inserted many particulars relating to their own local interests and concerns which so far from invalidating the general history render it more

Interesting and valuable it would be a Vain and frivolous attempt ascribed these latter compilations to particular persons 31 where there were evidently so many contributors but that they were successively furnished by contemporary writers many of whom were eyewitnesses of the events and transactions which they relate there is abundance of internal evidence to

Convince us many instances of this the editor had taken some pains to collect in order to lay them before the reader in the preface but they are so numerous that the subject would necessarily become tedious and therefore every reader must be left to find them for himself they

Will amply repay him for his trouble if he takes any interest in the early history of England or in the general construction of authentic history of any kind he will see plagerism Without End in the Latin histories and will be in no danger of falling into the errors of

Gail and others not to mention those of our historians who were not professed antiquaries who mistook that for original and authentic testimony which was only translated it is remarkable that the Saxon Chronicle gradually expires with the Saxon language all almost melted into Modern English in the year

1154 from this period almost to the Reformation whatever knowledge we have of the Affairs of England has been originally derived either from the semi barbarous Latin of our own countrymen or from the French Chronicles of freart and others the Revival of good taste and of Good Sense and of the good old custom

Adopted by most nations of the Civilized world that of writing their own history in their own language was happily exemplified at length in the laborious ious works of our English chroniclers and historians many have since followed in the same track and the importance of the whole body of English History has

Attracted and employed the imagination of Milton the philosophy of Hume the Simplicity of Goldsmith the industry of Henry the research of Turner and the patience of lingered the pages of these writers however accurate and luminous as they generally are as well as those of Brady trell cart Ren and others not to

Mention those in Black letter still require correction from the Saxon Chronicle without which no person however learned can possess anything beyond a superficial acquaintance with the elements of English History and of the British constitution some remarks May here be requisite on the chronology of the Saxon

Chronicle in the early part of it 32 the reader will observe a reference to the Grand epic of the creation of the world so also in Ethel word who closely follows the sax and animals it is allowed by all that considerable difficulty has occurred in fixing the true epic of Christ’s Nativity 33

Because the Christian era was not used at all till about the year 532 34 when it was introduced by dianus exiguus whose code of canon law joined afterwards with the decal of the popes became as much the standard of authority in ecclesiastical matters as the pandex of Justinian among civilians but it does

Not appear that in the Saxon mode of computation this system of chronology was implicitly followed we mention this circumstance however not with a view of settling the point of difference which would not be easy but merely to account for those variations observable and different mises which arose not only from the

Common mistakes or inadvertency of transcribers but from the Liberty which the original writers themselves sometimes assumed in this country of computing the current year Accord according to their own ephemeral or local custom some began with the Incarnation or Nativity of Christ some with the circumcision which Accords with

The solar year of the Romans as now restored whilst others commenced with the enunciation a custom which became very prevalent in honor of the Virgin Mary and was not formally abolished here till the year 1752 when the Gregorian calendar commonly called the new style was substituted by Act of parliament for the

Dionan this divers it of computation would alone occasion some confusion but in addition to this the indiction or cycle of 15 years which is mentioned in the latter part of the Saxon Chronicle was carried back 3 years before the vulgar era and commenced in different places at four different periods of the

Year but it is very remarkable that whatever was the commencement of the year in the early part of the Saxon Chronicle in the latter part the year invariably opens with midwinter day or the nativ ity gervis of Canterbury whose Latin Chronicle ends in 1199 the era of

Legal memory had formed a design as he tells us of regulating his chronology by the enunciation but from an honest fear of falsifying dates he abandoned his first intention and acquiesced in the practice of his predecessors who for the most part he says began the new year with the Nativity

35 having said thus much in illustration of the work itself we must necessarily be brief in our account of the present Edition it was contemplated many years since amidst a constant succession of other occupations but nothing was then projected Beyond a reprint of Gibson substituting an English translation for

The Latin the Indulgence of the Saxon scholar is therefore requested if we have in the early part of the chronicle too Faithfully followed the receive text by some readers no apology of this kind will be deemed necessary but something may be expected in extend of the delay which has the

Publication the causes of that delay must be chiefly sought in the nature of the work itself new types were to be cast compositors to be instructed in a department entirely new to them manuscripts to be compared collated transcribed the text to be revised throughout various readings of great

Intricacy to be carefully presented with considerable additions from unpublished sources for however unimportant some may at First Sight appear the most trivial may be of use with such and other difficulties before him the editor has nevertheless been blessed with health and Leisure sufficient to overcome them

And he may now say with gervis the monk at the end of his first Chronicle phito Libro redditor graia chisto 36 of the translation it is enough to observe that it is made as literal as possible with a view of rendering the original easy to those who are at

Present unacquainted with the Saxon Language by this method also the connection between the ancient and modern language will be more obvious the same method has been adopted in an unpublished translation of Gibson’s Chronicle by the late Mr kough now in the blean library but the honor of having printed the first literal

Version of the Saxon annals was reserved for a learned lady the elab of her age 37 whose work was finished in the year 1819 these translations however do not interfere with that in the present Edition because they contain nothing but what is found in the printed texts and are neither accompanied with the

Original nor with any collation of MSS end Notes One whatever was the origin of this title by which it is now distinguished in an appendix to the work itself it is called liar D anonia or the Winchester book from its first place of custody two this title is retained in

Compliance with custom though it is a collection of Chronicles rather than one uniform work as the received appellation seems to imply three in two volumes folio with the following title Doomsday Book SE Lee bear sis Willi primi Regis angli inter archo regy Indo capituli westmin acerus jent re auso Georgio

Terio PR mandus types mdccl lxxxi for Gerard Lang ban had projected such a work and had made considerable progress in the collation of MSS when he found himself anticipated by wellik five nunk primum integrum edited is Gibson’s expression in the title page he considers wellex mizes as fragments rather than entire Chronicles quat

Integram nacty Jam Diskus these MSS however were of the first Authority and not less entire as far as they went than his own favorite L but the candid critic will make allowance for the Zeal of a young Bachelor of Queens who it must be remembered had scarcely attained

The age of 23 when this extraordinary work was produced six the reader is forcibly reminded of the National Dress of the Highlanders in the following singular passage fero Magus Volus pil quam Corp pudenda pendis Proxima bestus Tanis seven see particularly cap 23 and 26 the work which follows called the

Epistle of gildas is little more than a Cento of quotations from the Old and New Testament 8 the historious scorum Saxon lorum Etc history Brit AP Gil 15 script page 93 see all also page 94 of the same work where the writer notices the absence of all written memorials among the Britains

And attributes it to the frequent recurrence of war and pestilence a new edition has been prepared from a Vatican Ms with a translation and notes by the Reverend W gun and published by J and a Arch N Momi historiographer kqam NM Etc 10 he considered his work perhaps as a

Lamentation of declamation rather than a history but be dignifies him with the title of historicus though he writes feiz sermon 11 but it is probable that the work is come down to us in a garbled and imperfect State 12 there is an absurd story of a monk who in vain attempting

To write his Epitaph fell asleep leaving it thus hack sunt in fosa Assa but when he awoke to his great surprise and satisfaction he found the long-sought epithet supplied by an Angelic hand the whole line standing thus hack sunt in FASA B veneris Assa 13 see the preface to his addition of the

Saxon Chronicle 14 this will be proved more fully when we come to speak of the writers of the Saxon Chronicle 15 preface buis Supra 16 he died ad 734 according to our Chronicle but some place his death to the following year 17 this circumstance alone proves the value

Of the Saxon Chronicle in the Edinburgh Chronicle of St cross printed by H Wharton there is a Chasm from the death of be to the year 1065 a period of 330 years 18 the cold and reluctant manner in which he mentions that sax and animals to which

He was so much indebted can only be ascribed to this cause in him as well as in the other Latin historians see his prologue to the first book de Justice regam Etc 19 if there are additional anecdotes in the chronicle of St miat which is supposed to have been so-called by Leland because

He found the MS there it must be remembered that this work is considered an interpolated Asser 20 the death of Asser himself is recorded in the year 909 but this is no more a proof that the whole work is spous than the character and burial of Moses described in the

Latter part of the book of Deuteronomy would go to prove that the pentiuk was not written by him see Bishop Watson’s apology for the Bible 21 msberry calls him Noble and magnificent with reference to his rank for he was descended from King Alfred but he forgets his peculiar

Praise that of being the only Latin historian for two centuries though like zenfan Caesar and Alfred he wielded the sword as much as the pen 22 this was no less of a personage than Matilda the daughter of oo the great emperor of Germany by his first Empress EA or

Editha who is mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle ad 9:25 though not by name as given to oo by her brother King athlan Ethel word adds in his epistle to Matilda that athlan sent two sisters in order that the emperor might take his choice and that he preferred the mother

Of Matilda 23 see particularly the character of William the page 294 written by one who was in his court the compiler of the Waverly annals we find literally translating it more than a century afterwards noemis vamus e inria Eis Alando Fus Etc Gail 2 134 24 his work which is very faithfully

And diligently compiled ends in the year 1117 but it is continued by another hand to the imprisonment of King Steven 25 cron AP gaale 2 21 26 vum Latina GRE e saxonica lingua act erudition multiplic instruct bead ecclesiastical history V8 cron s crusis edin AP Warden I

157 27 the materials however though not regularly arranged must be traced to a much higher source 28 Joselyn collated two ksh mizes of the first Authority one of which he calls the history or Chronicle of a Augustines the other that of Christ Church canterburry the former was perhaps the

One marked in our series CT a six the latter the Benet or pland ms29 wanl observes that the Ben MS is written in one and the same hand to this year and in hands equally ancient to the year 924 after which it is continued in different hands to the end vid cat page

130 30 Florence of Worcester in ascertaining the succession of the kings of Wessex refers expressly to the dicta Alfred Ethel word had before acknowledged that he reported many things sik parentes and then he immediately adds silet Rex aoli Regis philus xqu no origin trus vid PR 31 hick supposed the L or

Peterboro Chronicle to have been compiled by Hugo cidis Albus or white or some other monk of that house 32 c a 33 the era of Christ’s crucifixion page 23 and the notes below 33 C playfair’s system of chronology page 49 34 Playfair says 527 but I follow bead Florence of

Worcester and others who affirm that the great Pascal cycle of dionysius commenced from the year of our Lord’s Incarnation 532 the year in which the code of Justinian was promulgated vid Floor N 532 1064 and 1073 C also M West n 53235 vid PR incron bvas apx script page

1338 36 often did the editor during the progress of the work sympathize with the printer who in answer to his urgent opportunities to hasten the work replied once in the classical language of minucius prer UT occupation ofis my sign ASAS primer animon arabus e typography Kura UT Vic

Stinum who could be angry after this 37 Miss gurny of Keswick norfol the work however was not published the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle the island Britain 1 is 800 M long and 200 M Broad and there are in the island five nations English Welsh or British two Scottish pictish and Latin the first

Inhabitants were the Britain who came from Armenia three and first people Britain Southward then happened it that the PS came south from cythia with long ships not many and Landing first in the northern part of Ireland they told the Scots that they must dwell there but

They would not give them leave for the Scots told them that they could not all dwell there together but said the Scots we can nevertheless give you advice we know another Island here to the east there you may dwell if you will and whosoever and it happened in the Run of years that

Some party of Scots went from Ireland into Britain and acquired some portion of this land their leader was called riota 5 from whom they are named D or delians 60 Winters air that Christ was born kaius Julius emperor of the Romans with 80 ships sought Britain there he

Was first beaten in a dreadful fight and lost a great part of his army then he let his army abide with with the Scots six and went South into Gul there he gathered 600 ships with which he went back into Britain when they first rushed together Caesar’s Tribune whose name was

Leenus 7 was slain then took the wellsh sharp piles and drove them with great clubs into the water at a certain Fort of the river called temps when the Romans found that they would not go over the Ford then fled the Britain to the fastnesses of the Woods

And Caesar having after much fighting gained many of the chief towns went back into Gul 8 bc60 before the Incarnation of Christ 60 years gaas Julius the emperor first of the Romans sought the land of Britain and he crushed the Britains in battle and overcame them and nevertheless he

Was unable to gain any Empire there ad1 Octavian Anis reigned 56 Winters and in the 42nd year of his Reign Christ was born then three astrologers from the East Came To Worship Christ and the children in Bethlehem were slain by Herod in persecution of Christ ad3 this year died Herod stabbed by his

Own hand and arilus his son succeeded him the child Christ was also this year brought back again from Egypt ad6 from the beginning of the world to this year were agone 5,200 Winters A.1 this year Herod the son of antipater undertook the government in Judea ad. 12 this year Philip and Herod divided

Judea into four kingdoms ad. 12 this year Judea was divided into four tetrarchs A.1 16 this year Tiberius succeeded to the Empire ad. 26 this year pilate began to Reign Over the Jews ad30 this year was Christ baptized and Peter and Andrew were converted together with James and John

And Phillip and all the TW Apostles ad. 33 this year was Christ crucified 9 about 5,226 winters from the beginning of the world 10 ad. 34 this year was St Paul converted and St Steven stoned ad35 this year the Blessed Peter the Apostle settled an Episcopal sea in the city of Antioch ad.

37 this year 11 pilate slew himself with his own hand ad. 39 this year K undertook the Empire ad. 44 this year the Blessed Peter the Apostle settled an Episcopal see at Rome and James the brother of John was slain by Herod ad. 45 this year died Herod who slew James

One year air his own death ad. 46 this year Claudius the second of the Roman emperors who invaded Britain took the greater part of the island into his power and added the ormes to right Dominion of the Romans this was in the fourth year of his Reign and in the same year 12

Happened a Great Famine in Syria which Luke mentions in the book called The Acts of the Apostles after Claudius Nero succeeded to the Empire who almost lost the island Britain through his incapacity ad. 46 this year the emperor Claudius came to Britain and subdued a large part of

The island and he also added the island of orne to the Dominion of the Romans ad. 47 this year Mark the Evangelist in Egypt beginneth to write write the Gospel ad 47 this was in the fourth year of his Reign and in this same year was the Great Famine in Syria which Luke

Speaks of in the book called actus apostolorum dot ad 47 this year Claudius King of the Romans went with an army into Britain and subdued the island and subjected all the PS and Welsh to the rule of the Romans ad50 this year Paul was sent bound to Rome ad.

62 this year James the brother of Christ suffered ad. 63 this year Mark the Evangelist departed this life a69 this year Peter and Paul suffered ad70 this year Vespasian undertook the Empire ad71 this year Titus son of vaspian slew in Jerusalem 1100 th000 Jew Jews 81 this year Titus came to the Empire

After vaspian who said that he considered the day lost in which he did no good 83 this year demission the brother of Titus assumed the government 84 this year John the Evangelist in the island Patmos wrote the book called The Apocalypse ad90 this year Simon the Apostle a

Relation of Christ was crucified and John the Evangelist rested at Ephesus ad. 92 this year died Pope Clement ad 110 this year Bishop Ignatius suffered ad6 this year hadrien the Caesar began to Reign ad. 145 this year Marcus antoninus and aelius his brother succeeded to the

Empire ad 166 7 this year elus succeeded to the Pok and held it 15 years and in the same year Lucius King of the Britains sent and begged baptism of him and he soon sented him and they continued in the true Faith until the time of Diocesan ad.

189 this year seirus came to the Empire and went with his army into Britain and subdued in battle a great part of the island then rought he a mount of turf with a broad wall thereupon from sea to Sea for the defense of the Britains he

Reigned 17 years and then ended his days at York his son basanis succeeded him in the Empire his other son who perished was called geda this year elus undertook the bishoprick of Rome and held it honorably for 15 Winters to him Lucius King of the Britains sent letters and

Prayed that he might be made a Christian he obtained his request and they continued afterwards in the right belief until the reign of Diocesan ad 199 in this year was found the holy rude 13 ad 283 this year suffered St Alban the Martyr ad 343 this year died St Nicholas ad

379 this year rtion succeeded to the Empire ad 381 this year Maximus the Caesar came to the Empire he was born in the land of Britain when he passed over into Gul he there slew the emperor gracian and drove his brother whose name was valentinian from his country Italy the same

Valentinian afterwards collected an army and slew Maximus whereby he gained the empire about this time arose the error of P ious over the world ad 418 this year the Romans collected all the hordes of gold 14 that were in Britain and some they hid in the earth

So that no man afterwards might find them and some They Carried Away with them into Gul ad 423 this year theodosius the younger succeeded to the Empire ad 429 this year Bishop palladius was sent from Pope rinus to the Scots that he might establish their faith ad

430 this year patricius was sent from Pope celestus to preach baptism to the Scots ad. 430 this year Patrick was sent by Pope Celestine to preach baptism to the Scots ad. 435 this year the Goths sacked the city of Rome and never since have the Romans

Reigned in Britain this was about 11 110 Winters after it was built they reigned altogether in Britain 470 Winters since gaas Julius first sought that land ad. 443 this year sent the Britain oversea to Rome and begged assistance against the PS but they had none for the Romans

Were at war with Adela King of the Huns then sent they to the angal and requested the same from the Nobles of that Nation ad 444 this year died St Martin ad. 448 this year John the Baptist showed his head to two monks who came from the Eastern country to Jerusalem for the

Sake of Prayer in the place that WM was the Palace of Herod 15 ad 449 this year Martian and valentinian assumed the Empire and reigned 7 Winters in their days henes and horsa invited by Wern King of the Britains to to his assistance landed in Britain in a place

That is called I win’s Fleet first of all to support the Britain but they afterwards fought against them the king directed them to fight against the PS and they did so and obtained the victory wheresoever they came they then sent to the Angles and desired them to send more assistance they described the

Worthlessness of the Britains and the richness of the land they then sent them greater support then came the men from three powers of Germany the old Saxons the Angel and the Judes from the jutes are descended the men of Kent the white waran that is the tribe that now

Dwelleth in the aisle of white and that Kindred in Wessex that men yet call the Kindred of the Judes from the old Saxons came the people of Essex and Sussex and Wessex from Anglia which has ever since remained waste between the Judes and the Saxons came the East angles the middle

Angles the the merians and all of those north of the Humber their leaders were two brothers hengist and horsa who were the sons of wit gills wit gills was the son of WID WID of WETA WETA of Wen from this Wen arose all our Royal Kindred and

That of the South umbrians also ad 449 and in their days vortigern invited the angles thither and they came to Britain in three cells at the place called whippit’s Fleet ad 455 this year henes and horsa fought with workr the King on the spot that is called alsford his brother horsa being there

Slain hen just afterwards took to the kingdom with his son Escape ad 457 this year henes and Escape fought with the Britains on the spot that is called crayford and there slew 4,000 men the Britain then forsook the land of Kent and in great consternation fled to London ad4

465 this year henes and Escape fought with the Welsh n whiet Fleet and there slew 12 leaders all Welsh on their side ofth was their slain whose name was whipped ad 473 this year henes and Escape fought with the Welsh and took immense booty and the Welsh fled from the English like

Fire ad 477 this year came Ella to Britain with his three Sons Simon and lening and chisa in three ships landing at a place that is called Simon Shore there they slew many of them Welsh and some in flight they drove into the wood that is called andred slay ad

482 this year the Blessed Abbott Benedict shown in this world by the Splendor of those virtues which the Blessed Gregory records in the book of dialogues ad 485 this year Ella fought with the Welsh nrits bernstad ad 488 this year Escape succeeded to the kingdom and was King of the men of Kent

24 Winters ad 490 this year Ella and chisa besieged the City of andred and slew all that were therein nor was one Britain left there afterwards ad 495 this year came two leaders into Britain church and syri his son with five ships at a place that is called

Churchur and they fought with the Welsh the same day then he died and his son syri succeeded to the government and held it 6 and 20 Winters then he died and cin his son succeeded who reigned 17 years then he died and S succeeded to the government

And reigned 5 years when he died seal wolf his brother succeeded and reigned 17 years their kin goeth to churich then succeeded cabels seal Wolf’s brother’s son to the kingdom and reigned 1 and3 Winters and he first of West Saxon Kings received baptism then succeeded senall who was

The son of cagels and reigned 1 in 30 Winters then held sex burga his Queen the government one year after him then eded esin to the kingdom whose King goeth to church and held it 2 years then succeeded senent wine the son of cagels to the kingdom of the West Saxons and

Reigned 9 years then succeeded seedall to the government whose King goeth to church and held it 3 years then succeeded inet to the kingdom of the West Saxons whose kin goeth to church and rained 37 Winters then succeeded Ethel herd whose kin goeth to church and reigned 16 years

Then succeeded C whose kin goeth to church and reigned 16 Winters then succeeded sibite whose kin goeth to church and reigned one year then succeeded kin wolf whose kin goeth to church and rained 1 in 30 Winters then succeeded brri whose King goeth to church and reigned 16 years

Then succeeded Eggbert to the kingdom and held it 7 and 30 Winters and seven months then succeeded ethelwolf his son and reigned 18 years and a half ethelwolf was the son of Egbert Egbert of iland iland of epha epha of yappa yappa of engild engild of senid AA of

Senid kuber of senid and quinber of senid senid of seald seald of cwolf cwolf of kwine kwine of selm selm of syri syri of crota Cota of church then succeeded ethelbald the son of ethelwolf to the kingdom and held it 5 years then succeeded ethelbert his brother and reigned 5 years then

Succeeded Ethel red his brother to the kingdom and held it 5 years then succeeded Alfred their brother to the government and then had elapsed of his age 3 and 20 Winters and 396 Winters from the time when his Kindred first gained the land of Wessex from the Welsh

And he held the kingdom a year and a half less than 30 Winters then succeeded Edward the son of Alfred and reigned 24 Winters when he died then succeeded athlan his son and reigned 14 years and 7 weeks and 3 days then succeeded Edmund his brother and reigned 6 years and a

Half wanting two knights then succeeded idid his brother and reigned N9 years and 6 weeks then succeeded edwe the son of Edmund and reigned 3 years and 36 weeks wanting two days when he died then succeeded Edgar his brother and reigned 16 years and 8 weeks and two nights when

He died then succeeded Edward the son of Edgar and reigned a501 this year pora and his two sons B and mea came into Britain with two ships at a place called Portsmouth they soon landed and and slew on the spot a young Britain of very high rank ad

58 this year church and syri slew a British king whose name was naan lead and 5,000 men with him after this was the land named nley from him as far as charford a509 this year T Benedict the Abbott father of all the monks 16 ascended to Heaven ad 514

This year came the West Saxons into Britain with three ships at the place that is called churchur and stuff and wiitar fought with the Britains and put them to flight ad 519 this year church and syri undertook the government of the West Saxons the same year they fought with the Britains

At a place now called charford from that day have Reign the children of the West Saxon Kings ad 527 this this year church and syri fought with the Britains in the place that is called Church sigh ad 530 this year church and syri took the aisle of white and slew many men in

Carrisbrook ad 534 this year died churich the first king of the West Saxons syri his son succeeded to the government and reigned afterwards 26 Winters and they gave to their two nephews stuff and wiitar the whole of the Isle of white ad 538 this year the sun was eclipsed 14

Days before the calends of March from before morning until 9 ad 540 this year the sun was eclipsed on the 12th day before the calends of July and the Stars showed themselves full nigh half an hour over nine ad 544 this year died wiitar and Men buried him at car Brook ad

547 this year Ida began his Reign from whom first arose the Royal Kindred of the North umbrians Ida was the son of yappa yappa of Esa Esa of inui inui of anunt Anin Wht of Alec Alec of benck benck of brand brand of Baldi Baldi of Wen Wen of FILA

Fola of frolf folf of Finn Finn of godf godol of ga Ida reigned 12 years he built Bamber Castle which was first surrounded with a hedge and afterwards with a wall ad 552 this year syri fought with the Britain on the spot that is called sarum

And put them to flight churich was the father of syri churich was the son of Alessa Alesa of Esla Esla of guus guus of why why of fruen fruen of fgar fgar of brand brand of Bal Baldi of Wen in this year ethelberg the son of renri was

Born who on the 2 and 30th year of his Reign received the right of baptism the first of all the kings in Britain ad 556 this year syri and sein fought with the Britains at barbury ad. 560 this year sein undertook the government of the West Saxons and Ella

On the death of Ida that of the north umbrians each of whom reigned 30 Winters Ella was the son of if if of usrey usrey of wilges wilges of Wester Falcon Wester Falcon of sea foul sea foul of sebl sebl of sigit sigit of SWAT SWAT of seagar

Seagar of wadii w of Wen Wen of fra wolf this year ethelbert came to the kingdom of the canarians and held it 53 Winters in his days the holy Pope Gregory sent us baptism that was in the 2 and 30th year of his Reign and Columba the mass priest

Came to the pics and converted them to the belief of Christ they are the Dwellers by the northern Moors and their King gave him the island of high consisting of five hides as they say where Columba built a monastery there he was Abbott 2 and 30

Winters and there he died when he was 77 years old the place his successors yet have the southern PS were long before baptized by Bishop mimia who was taught at Rome his church or Monastery is at whern hallowed in the name of St Martin where he reeth with many holy men now

Therefore shall there be ever in high an Abbot and no bishop and to him shall be subject all the Bishops of the Scots because Columba was an Abbott no Bishop ad 565 this year Columba the preser came from the Scots among the Britains to Str struck the pcks and he built a monastery

In the island of high ad 568 this year sealin and Kua the brother of sein fought with ethelbert and pursued him into Kent and they slew two aldermen at Wimbledon O Lake and neba AD 571 this year cutof fought with the Britains at Bedford and took four towns lenbury Alsbury Benson and

Enham and this same year he died ad 577 this year cwin and sein fought with the Britain and slew three kings K and Kida and fenale on the spot that is called darham and took from them three cities Gloucester siren cesta and bath ad 583 this year maius succeeded to the

Empire of the Romans ad 584 this year cin and Kua fought with the Britains on the spot that is called fre their Kua was slain and sein took many towns as well as immense booty and wealth he then retreated to his own people ad 588 this year died King Ella and Ethel

Rick reigned after him 5 years ad 591 this year there was a great Slaughter of Britains at WRA cin was driven from his kingdom and seari reigned 6 years ad 592 this year Gregory succeeded to the papacy at Rome ad 593 this year died selin and quit and CA

And ethr succeeded to the kingdom of the north umbrians he was the son of Ethel Ethel of Ida ad 596 this year Pope Gregory sent Augustine to Britain with very many monks to preach the word of God to the English people ad 597 this year began seal wolf to Reign Over the West

Saxons and he constantly fought and conquered either with the angles or the Welsh or the PS or the Scots he was the son of Kua Kua of syri sinrich of church church of Alessa Alesa of guis guus of Y why of fruin fruin of frithgar frithgar

Of brand brand of Bal and BAL of Wen this year came Augustine and his companions to England 17 ad. 601 this year Pope Gregory sent the Paul to Archbishop Augustine in Britain with very many learned doctors to assist him and Bishop pinus converted Edwin King of the North umbrians to baptism ad. 63

This year Aiden King of the Scots fought with the darthians and with eth King of the North umbrians at thestone where he lost almost all his army theobalt also brother of Ethel fth with his whole Armament was slain none of the Scottish Kings Durst afterwards bring an Army against this nation

Herring the son of hassa led the Army thither ad 603 this year Ethan King of the Scots fought against the darat and against eth king of the north umbrians at denenstein dawon and they slew almost all his army there Theobald Ethel’s brother was slain with all his band since then no king of

The Scots has dared to lead an Army against this nation hering the son of hassa led the enemy thither ad604 this year Augustine consecrated two Bishops melodus and jus melodus he sent to preach baptism to the east Saxons their King was called cber the son of Ricola ethelbert’s sister whom

Ethelbert placed there as king ethelbert also gave melodist the bishoprick of London and to Justice he gave the bishoprick of Rochester which is 24 mi from Canterbury ad. 604 this year Augustine consecrated two Bishops melodus and justice he sent melodus to preach baptism to the east Saxons whose King was called Sebert son

Of Rolle the sister of ethelbert and whom ethelbert had their appointed King and ethelbert gave melodus a bishop C in London and to just as he gave Rochester which is 24 mil from canterburry ad 66 this year died Gregory about 10 years since he sent us baptism

His father was called gordianus and his mother Sylvia ad. 607 this year seal wolf fought with the South Saxons and Ethel LED his army to Chester where he slew an innumerable host of the Welsh and so was fulfilled the prophecy of Augustine wherein he Seth if the

Welsh will not have peace with us they Shall Perish at the hands of the Saxons there were also slain 200 priests 18 who came thither to pray for the army of the Welsh their leader was called Brock mail who with some 50 men escaped then ad 611 this year cagels succeeded to the

Government in Wessex and held it 1 in 30 Winters cagels was the son of s s of Kua Kua of syri AD 614 this year cagels and quit fought at bampton and slew 246 of the Welsh ad 616 this year died ethelbert king of Kent the first of English kings that

Received baptism he was the son of renri he reigned 56 Winters and was succeeded by his son eald and in this same year had elapsed from the beginning of the world 5,618 Winters this eald renounced his baptism and lived in a heathen manner so that he took to wife the relict of his

Father then laurentius who was Archbishop in Kent meant to depart Southward oversea and abandon everything but there came to him in the night the Apostle Peter and severely chastised him 19 because he would so desert the flock of God and he charged him to go to the

King and teach him the right belief and he did so and the King returned to the right belief in this king’s days the same laurentius who was Archbishop in Kent after Augustine Departed Ed this life on the 2nd of February and was buried near Austine the holy Augustine in his

Lifetime invested him Bishop to the end that the Church of Christ which yet was new in England should at no time after his decease be without an Archbishop after him melodus who was first Bishop of London succeeded to the Archbishop the people of London where melodus was before were then heathens

And within five winters of this time during the reign of eald melodus died died to him succeeded Justice who was Bishop of Rochester whero he consecrated Romanus Bishop ad 616 in that time laurentius was Archbishop and for the sorrowfulness which he had on account of the king’s

Unbelief he was minded to forsake this country entirely and go oversee but a Peter the Apostle scourged him sorely one night because he wished thus to forsake the flock of God and commanded him to teach boldly the true Faith to the king King and he did so and the King

Turned to the right faith in the days of this same King eald this laurentius died the holy Augustine while yet in Sound Health ordained him Bishop in order that the Community of Christ which was yet new in England should not after his decease be at any time without an

Archbishop after him melodus who had been previously Bishop of London succeeded to the arch bishoprick and within 5 years of the decease of laurentius while edal still reigned melodus departed to Christ ad. 6117 this year was Ethel King of the North umbrians slain by Red Wald King of

The East angles and Edwin the son of Ella having succeeded to the kingdom subdued all Britain except the men of Kent alone and drove out the ethinks the sons of Ethel namely and Fred Oswald oswe oslac oswood oloff and AFA ad 624 this year died Archbishop melus ad.

625 this year pinus was invested Bishop of the north umbrians by Archbishop Justice on the 12th day before the calends of August ad. 625 this year Archbishop Justice consecrated pinus Bishop of the north umbrians ad 626 this year came Emer from quit King of the West Saxons with a design to

Assassinate King Edwin but he killed Lila his th and for there and wounded the King the same night a daughter was born to Edwin whose name was Ian F then promised the king to pinus that he would devote his daughter to God if he would

Procure at the hand of God that he might destroy his enemy who had sent the Assassin to him he then Advanced against the West Saxons with an army F on the spot five Kings and slew many of their men this year Ian F the daughter of King

Edwin was baptized on the holy Eve of Pentecost and the King within 12 months was baptized at Easter with all his people Easter was then on the 12th of April this was done at York where he had ordered a church to be built of Timber which was hallowed in the name of St

Peter there the king gave the bishoprick to pinus and there he afterwards ordered a larger Church to be built of stone this year pendf began to rain and rained 30 Winters he had seen 50 Winters when he began to rain penda was the son of wiba

Weba of crota crota of sewald seald of neba neba of isil isil of eer eer of Angel THU Angel THU of AFA AFA of warand wand of Whitley Whitley of Wen ad 627 this year was King Edwin baptized at Easter with all his people by pinus who also preached baptism in Lindsay where

The first person who believed was a certain rich man of the name of blee with all his people at this time huius succeeded bonfice in the papacy and sent hither to pinus the Paul and Archbishop Justice having departed this life on the 10th of November huius was consecrated

At Lincoln Archbishop of Canterbury by pinus and Pope hanus sent him the Paul and he sent an injunction to the Scots that they should return to the right celebration of Easter ad. 627 this year at Easter pinus baptized Edwin King of the North umbrians with his people and earlier within the same

Year at Pentecost he had baptized enfold daughter of the same King ad. 628 this year cagels and quum fought with penda at siren cesta and afterwards entered into a treaty there ad 632 this year was orul baptized ad 633 this year King Edwin was slain by kadala and penda on Hatfield Moore on

The 14th of October he reigned 17 years his son OSD was also slain with him after this kadala and penda went and ravaged all the land of the north umbrians which when pinus saw he took Eber the relict of Edwin and went by ship to Kent Ed bald and hanus received

Him very honorably and gave him the bishoprick of Rochester where he continued to his death ad 634 this year ozich whom pinus baptized succeeded to the government of Dara he was the son of elfick the uncle of Edwin and to berish Nisha succeeded inth son of Ethel this year also Bishop binus first

Preached baptism to the West Saxons under King cagels the said binus went thither by the command of Pope huius and he was Bishop there to the end of his life Oswald also this year succeeded to the government of the north umbrians and rained nine Winters the ninth year was

Assigned to him on account of the heathenism in which those lived who reigned that one year betwix him and Edwin ad 635 this year King cagels was baptized by Bishop binus at Dorchester and Oswald King of the North umbrians was his sponsor ad 636 this year King quitel was baptized

At Dorchester and died the same year Bishop Felix also preached to the east angles the belief of Christ ad. 639 this year binus baptized King CED at Dorchester and received him as his son ad 640 this year died eald king of Kent after a reign of 25

Winters he had two sons her menred and kinber and kinber reigned there after his father he overturned all the idols in the kingdom and first of English kings appointed a fast before Easter his daughter was called her Koda holy damsel of an illustrious sire whose mother was

SE burga the daughter of Anna King of the East angles armid also begot two sons who were afterwards martyred by Thunder ad 642 this year Oswald King of the North umbrians was slain by penda King of the South umbrians at mfield on the fifth day of August and his body was buried at

Bney his Holiness and miracles were afterwards displayed on manifold occasions throughout this island and His Hands remained still uncorrupted at bar ber the same year in which Oswald was slain OSI his brother succeeded to the government of the north umbrians and reigned two less than 30 years ad

643 this year kenwall succeeded to the kingdom of the West Saxons and held at 1 and3 Winters this kenwall ordered the old 20 church at Winchester to be built in the name of a Peter he was the son of nuls ad 644 this year died at Rochester on the

10th of October pinus who was first Archbishop at York and afterwards at Rochester he was Bishop 19 Winters 2 months and 1 in 20 days this year the son of O’s Uncle owin the son of ozich assumed the government of Dara and rained seven Winters ad 645 this year King kenwall was driven

From his Dominion by King penda ad. 646 this year King kenwall was baptized ad 648 this year kenwall gave his relation covered 3,000 hides of land by Ashdown CED was the son of quitel quit of cagels AD 650 this year eer from Gul after bista romish Bishop obtained the bishoprick of the West

Saxons ad. 650 this year by rinus the bishop died and agel Berto Frenchman was ordained ad. 651 this year King Oswin was slain on the 20th day of August and within 12 nights afterwards died Bishop Aiden on the 31st of August ad. 652 this year kenwall fought at Bradford by the Avon ad

653 this year the middle angles under Alderman Pata received the right belief ad 654 this year King Anna was slain and bov began to build that Minster at ieno this year also died Archbishop huius on the 30th of September ad 655 this year penda was slain at Wingfield and 30 Royal personages with

Him some of whom were Kings one of them was Ethel here brother of Anna King of the East angles the merians after this became Christians from the beginning of the world had now elapsed 5,850 Winters when Pata the son of penda assumed the government of the merians in his time came together

Himself and oi brother of King Oswald and said that they would rear a Minster to the glory of Christ and the honor of St Peter and they did so and gave it the name of Med Hamstead because there is a well there called meat swell and they began

The ground wall and rought thereon after which they committed the work to a monk whose name was sax he was very much the friend of God and him also loved all people he was nobly born in the world and Rich he is now much richer with Christ but King

Pata reigned no while for he was betrayed by his own Queen in Easter tide this year ithamar Bishop of Rochester consecrated de dedit to Canterbury on the 26th day of March ad. 656 this year was Pata slain and wolfir Son of penda succeeded to the kingdom of the

Merians in his time waxed The Abbey of Med Hamstead very rich which his brother had begun the king loved it much for the love of his brother Pia and for the love of his WB brother aswi and for the love of sax the Abbot he said therefore that

He would dignify and honor it by the councel of his brothers Ethel red and marwal and by the Council of his sisters kinber and kesa and by the Council of the Archbishop who was called deit and by the councel of all his peers learned and lewed that in his kingdom

Were and he so did then sent the King after the Abbott that he should immediately come to him and he so did then said the king to the Abbot beloved sax I have sent after thee for the good of my soul and I will plainly tell thee

For why my brother Pata and my beloved friend oi began a Minster For the Love of Christ and his te Peter but my brother as Christ will is departed from this life I will therefore entreat thee beloved friend that they earnestly proceed on their work and I will find

Thee there to gold and silver land and possessions and all that th to behoveth then went the Abbot home and began to work so he sped as Christ permitted him so that in a few years was that Minster ready then when the king heard say that he was very glad and bade

Men send through all the nation after all his thingss after the Archbishop and after Bishops and after his Earls and after all those that loved God that they should come to him and he fixed the day when men should hallow the Minster and when they were hallowing the Minster

There was the King wola and his brother Ethel red and his sisters Kimura and kosua and the Minster was hallowed by Archbishop deded of Canterbury and the bishop of Rochester ithamar and the bishop of London who was called wna and the bishop of the merians whose name was

Joman and Bishop Tuda and there was Wilfred priest that after was Bishop and there were all his STS that were in his kingdom when the Minster was hallowed in the name of St Peter and St Paul and St Andrew then stood up the king before all

His thingss and said with a loud voice thanks be to the high almighty God for this worship that here is done and I will this day glorify Christ and St Peter and I will let you all confirm my words I W for aive today to EST Peter

And the Abbott sax and the monks of the Minster these lands and these Waters and MIRS and F and we and all the lands that thereabout lie that are of my kingdom freely so that no man have there any Ingress but the Abbot and the monks this

Is the gift from Med Hamstead to Northboro and so to the place that is called folies and so all the fun right to ashd and from ashd to the place called feather mouth and so in a right line 10 Mi long to ugd and so to

Ragel and from rag well 5 mies to the main river that goeth to Elm and to whs Beach and so about 3 mil to troken Holt and from troken Hol right through all the fun to derw worth that is 20 mi long and so to Great cross and from great

Cross through a clear water called bradney and then six miles to paade and so forth through all the mirrors and f that lie toward Huntington Port and the MIRS and lakes shelfer Meir and Whitty Mir and all the others that there about lie with land and with houses that are

On the east side of shelir then all the F to met Hamstead from met Hamstead all to wellsford from wellsford to Clive then to Easton from Easton to Stamford from Stamford as the water runneth to the afores said Northboro these are the lands and the F that the king gave unto St Peter’s

Minster then quote the king it is little this gift but I will that they hold it so royally and so freely that there be taken there from neither Guild or gable but for the monks alone thus I will free this Minster that it be not subject

Except to Rome alone and hither I will that we seek St Peter all that to Rome cannot go during these words the Abbott desired that he would Gant him his request and the King granted it I have here said he some good monks that would lead their life in retirement if they

Whed where now here is an island that is called anre and I will request that we may there build a Minster to the honor of St Mary that they may dwell there who will lead their lives in peace and Tranquility then answered the king and quote thus beloved saak not that only

Which thou desirest but all things that I know thou desirest in our Lord’s behalf so I approve and Grant and I bid thee brother eeled and my sisters Kimura and kisua for the release of your souls that you be Witnesses and that you subscribe it with your fingers

And I pray all that come after me be they my sons be they my brethren or kings that come after me that our gift May stand as they would be partakers of the life Everlasting and as they would avoid Everlasting punishment who so lnth our gift or the

Gift of other good men may the Heavenly Porter lessen him in the kingdom of heaven and whoo Advance it may the Heavenly Porter Advance him in the Kingdom of Heaven these are the witnesses that were there and that subscribed it with their fingers on the cross of Christ Christ and confirmed it

With their tongues that was first the king wola who confirmed it first with his word and afterwards wrote with his finger on the cross of Christ saying thus I wol King in the presence of kings and of Earls and of captains and of THS the witnesses

Of my gift before the Archbishop de DED I confirm it with the Cross of Christ plus and I aswi King of the North umbrians the friend of this min and O OE the Abbot sax commended with the Cross of Christ plus and I S here King ratify it with the Cross of Christ

Plus an iibi King subscribe it with the Cross of Christ plus and I Ethel R the kingk brother granted the same with the Cross of Christ plus and we the king’s sisters kinber and kosua approve it and I Archbishop of Canter Berry de iseed ratify it then confirmed it all the

Others that were there with the Cross of Christ plus namely ithamar Bishop of Rochester wna Bishop of London geroman Bishop of the mercians and Tuda bishop and Wilfred priest who was afterwards bishop and theppa priest whom the king wola sent to preach Christianity in the aisle of white and sax Abbott and imin

Alderman and edbert Alderman and hrth Alderman and Wilbert Alderman and Alderman Ethel bald B Wilbert elund fages these and many others that were there the king’s most loyal subjects confirmed it all this Charter was written after our Lord’s Nativity 664 the seventh year of King wola the ninth year of Archbishop

Deur then they laid God’s curse and the curse of All Saints and all all Christian folks on whosoever undid anything that there was done so be it Seth all amen when this thing was done then sent the king to Rome to the Pope italianist that then was and desired

That he would ratify with his writ and with his blessing all this a foreset thing and the pope then sent his writ thus saying I vitalus Pope Grant thee King wola and de dedit Archbishop and Abbott sax all the things that you desire and I forbid that any king or any

Man have any Ingress but the Abbot alone nor shall he be subject to any man except the pope of Rome and the Archbishop of Canterbury if anyone breakthe with his sword destroy him whosoever holdeth it St Peter with Heaven’s key undo him the Kingdom of Heaven thus was the minster of Med

Hamstead begun that was afterwards called Peterboro afterwards came another Archbishop to Canterbury who was called theodoris a very good man and wise and held his Senate with his Bishops and with his clerk there was Wilfred Bishop of the merians deprived of his bishoprick and sax Abbot was their

Chosen bishop and kth bald monk of the same Minster was chosen Abbot this Senate was Holden after our Lord’s Nativity 673 Winters ad 658 this year kenwall fought with the Welsh at pen and pursued them to the parat this battle was fought after his return from East Anglia where he was 3

Years in Exile penda had driven him thither and deprived him of his kingdom because he had discarded his sister ad 660 this year Bishop eilbert departed from kenwall and wna held the bishop rck 3 years and edbert accepted the bishoprick of Paris in Gul by the same ad

661 this year at Easter kenwall fought at ponsbury and wulur the son of penda pursued him as far as Ashdown C the son of quom and King kimbert died in one year into the aisle of white also wol the son of penda penetrated and transferred the inhabitants to Ethel Wald King of the

South Saxons because wulur adopted him in baptism Anapa a mass priest by command of Wilfred and King wolf was the first of men who brought baptism to the people of the Isle of white ad. 664 this year the sun was eclipsed on the 11th of May and henbert king of Kent

Having died Egbert his son succeeded to the kingdom Coleman with his companions this year returned to his own country this same year there was a great plague in the island Britain in which died Bishop to who was buried at waye Chad and wilferth were consecrated and Archbishop deas dedit died ad

667 this year OWI and edbert sent wigard a priest to Rome that he might be consecrated their Archbishop of Canterbury but he died as soon as he came thither ad. 667 this year wigard went to Rome even as king OWI and Egbert had sent him ad 668 this year Theodore was consecrated

Archbishop and sent into Britain ad 669 this year King Eggbert gave to base a mass priest reculver to build a Minster upon ad. 670 this year died oi king of Northumberland on the 15th day before the calend of March and eggerth his son reigned after him lot here the nephew of

Bishop eilbert succeeded to the bishopi over the land of the West Saxons and held it 7 years he was consecrated by Archbishop Theodore OWI was the son of Ethel Ethel of Ethel Ethel of Ida Ida of yappa ad. 671 this year happened that great destruction among the fowls ad.

672 this year died King senwell and sex burga his Queen held the government one year after him ad. 673 this year died Egbert king of Kent and the same year there was a senate at Herford and St ethelda began that Monastery at elely ad 674 this year esquin succeeded to the Kingdom of

Wessex he was the son of senis Senus of senorth senorth of cills cuthills of seal wolf seal wolf of sinrich syri of churich ad. 675 this year wol the son of penda and esquin the son of Senus fought at bedwin the same year died wolf and Ethel red

Succeeded to the government in his time sent he to Rome Bishop Wilfred to the Pope that then was called ago and told him by word and by letter how his brothers Pata and wola and the Abbot saak had R A Minster called Med Hamstead and that they had freed it against King

And against Bishop from every service and he besought him that he would confirm it with his writ and with his Blessing and the pope sent then his writ to England thus saying I ago pope of Rome greet well the worthy Ethel Red King of the merians and the Archbishop

Theodoris of Canterbury and sax the bishop of the merians who before was Abbott and all the Abbotts that are in England God’s greeting and my blessing I have heard the petition of King Ethel red and of the Archbishop theodoris and of the bishop sax and of the Abbot kbal

And I will it that it in all wise be as you have spoken it and I ordain in behalf of God and of a Peter and of All Saints and of every hooded head that neither King nor Bishop nor Earl nor any man whatever have any claim or gable or

Guild or Levy or take any service of any kind from The Abbey of Med Hamstead I command also that no Shire Bishop be so bold as to hold an ordination or consecration within this absy except the Abbot entreat him nor have there any claim to proxies or cinal or anything

Whatever of any kind and I will that the Abbot be Holden for Leed of Rome over all that island and whatever Abbot is there chosen by the monks that he be consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury I will and decree that whatever man may have made a vow to go

To Rome and cannot perform it either from infirmity or for his Lord’s need or from poverty or from any other necessity of any kind whatever whereby he cannot come thither be he of England or of whatever other Island he be he may come to that minster of met Hamstead and have

The same forgiveness of Christ and EST Peter and of the Abbot and of the monks that he should have if he went to Rome now bid I Thee brother theodoras that thou Let It Be proclaimed through all England that a sinate be gathered and this writ be read and

Observed also I tell thee Bishop sax that as thou desirest it that the Minster be free so I forbid thee and all the Bishops that after the come from Christ and from all his saints that ye have no demand from that Minster except so much as the Abbot will now will I say

In a word that who so holdeth this writ and this decree then be he ever dwelling with God Almighty in the kingdom of heaven and who so breth it then be he excommunicated and thrust down with Judas and with all the devils in Hell except he come to

Repentance amen this RI sent the pope ago and 125 Bishops by Wilfred Archbishop of York to England this was done after our Lord’s Nativity 680 the 6th year of King Ethel then the king commanded the Archbishop Theodor that he should appoint a general whitwood at the place called

Hatfield when they were there collected then he allowed the letter to be read that the pope sent thither and all ratified and confirmed it then said the king all things that my brother Pia and my brother wola and my sisters kinber and kosua gave and granted to St Peter

And the Abbot these I will May stand and I will in my day increase it for their souls and for my soul now give I St Peter today into his Minster Med Hamstead these lands and all that there to lith that is Breen reings cadney swin head Hanbury Lo sha scuffin Hall cosford

Stratford wurn lusard eelan Island bney these lands I give St Peter just as freely as I possessed them myself and so that none of my successors take anything there from who so doeth it have he the curse of the pope of Rome and the curse

Of all Bishops and of all those that are witnesses here and this I confirm with the token of Christ plus I theodoris Archbishop of Canterbury am witness to this Charter of met Hamstead and I ratify it with my hand and I excommunicate all that break anything

Thereof and I bless all that hold it plus I Wilfred Archbishop of York am witness to this Charter and I ratify this same curse plus I saak s who was first Abbot and now am Bishop I give my curse and that of all my successors to

Those who break this I ostria eel Red’s Queen confirm it I Adrien leg it ratify it I puta Bishop of Rochester subscribe it I Wald here Bishop of London confirm it I C bald Abbot ratify it so that who so breth it have ye the cursing of all

Bishops of all Christian folk amen ad. 676 this year in which hea succeeded to his bishoprick esquin died and swin obtained the government of the West Saxons swin was the son of cagels cagels of seal wolf Ethel Red King of the merians in the meantime overan the land of Kent ad. 678

This year appeared the comet star in August and Shone every morning during 3 months like a Sunbeam Bishop Wilfred being driven from his bishoprick by King of Earth two Bishops were consecrated in his stad Boza over the Deans and Ida over the britans about the same time also Ed was

Consecrated Bishop over the people of Lindsay being the first in that division ad 679 this year elwin was slain by the river Trent on the spot where a earth and Ethel red fought this year also died as T ethelda and the monastery of coldingham was destroyed by fire from heaven ad

680 this year Archbishop Theodore appointed a CID at Hatfield because he was desirous of rectifying the belief of Christ and the same year died Hilda abbis of Whitby ad 681 1 this year tumber was consecrated Bishop of Hexum and Truman Bishop of the pxs for they were at that time subject to this

Country this year also swin pursued the Britains to the Sea ad. 684 this year of Earth sent an Army against the Scots under the command of his Alderman brigh who lamentably plundered and burned the Churches of God ad 685 this year king of Earth commanded cber to be consecrated a bishop and

Archbishop Theodore on the first day of Easter consecrated him at York Bishop of Hexum for tumber had been deprived of that sea the same year of Earth was slain by the North Sea and a large army with him on the 13th day before the calends of June he continued King 15

Winters and his brother elfreth succeeded him in the government I was the son of oi oi of ethur eeler of Ethel Ethel of Ida Ida of yappa about this time seedall began to struggle for a kingdom seedall was the son of kimbert kimbert of Chad Chad of Kua Kua of selin

Selin of syri syri of churich Mo who was afterwards consigned to the flames in Kent was the brother of seedall the same year died loir king of Kent and John was consecrated Bishop of Hexum where he remained till wilfor was restored when John was translated to

York on the death of Bishop Boza Wilford his priest was afterwards consecrated Bishop of York and John retired to his Monastery 21 in the woods of Delta this year there was in Britain a bloody Reign and milk and butter were turned to blood ad. 685 and in this same year cubert was

Consecrated Bishop of Hexum by Archbishop Theodore at York because Bishop tumt had been driven from the bishopi ad. 686 this year seed wall and his brother mole spread Devastation in Kent and the Isle of white this same seed wall gave to St Peter’s Minster at met Hamstead

Hook which is situated in an island called eggor egg bald at this time was Abbott who was the third after sax and Theodore was Archbishop in Kent ad. 687 this year was mul signed to the flames in Kent and 12 other men with him after which in the same year seed wall

Overran the kingdom of Kent ad 688 this year seedall went to Rome and received baptism at the hands of sergius the Pope who gave him the name of Peter but in the course of seven nights afterwards on the 12th day before the calends of may he died in his crism

Cloths and was buried in the Church of St Peter to him succeeded in the Kingdom of Wessex and reigned 37 Winters he founded the monastery of glastenbury after which he went to Rome and continued there to the end of his life AA was the son of senid senid of seald

Seald was the brother of cagels and both were the sons of cwin who was the son of selin selin was the son of sinrich and syri of church ad 688 this year King kadala went to Rome and received baptism of Pope sergius and he gave him the name of Peter and in

About 7 Days afterwards on the 12th before the Cal of May while he was yet in his baptismal garments he died and he was buried in a tea Peter’s church and AA succeeded to the kingdom of the West Saxons after him and he reigned 27 years ad 690 this year Archbishop Theodore who

Had been Bishop 22 Winters departed this life life 22 and was buried within the city of Canterbury Bert Wald who before this was Abbot of Rover on the Cals of July succeeded him in the sea which was air this filled by romish Bishops but henceforth with English then were there

Two kings in Kent wiard and webhard ad. 693 this year was Bert Wald consecrated Archbishop by Godwin Bishop of the GS on the fifth day before the Gans of J about which time died gmund who was Bishop of Rochester and Archbishop berwald consecrated Tobias in his stad

This year also drelm 23 retired from the world ad. 694 this year the people of Kent covenanted with AA and gave him £30,000 in Friendship because they had burned his brother Mo wider who succeeded to the kingdom of Kent and held it 33 Winters was the son of Eggbert Eggbert

Of erenberg berenberg of edal edal of ethelbert and as soon as he was King he ordained a great Council to meet in the place that is called bapchild in which presided wiard king of Kent the Archbishop of Canterbury brwal and Bishop Tobias of Rochester and with him were collected

Abbots and abuses and many wise men all to consult about the advantage of God’s churches that are in Kent now began the king to speak and said I will that all the ministers and the churches that were given and bequeathed to the worship of God in the days of believing Kings my

Predecessors and in the days of My Relations of King ethelbert and of those that followed him shall so remain to the worship of God and Stand Fast forever more for I whitered Earthly King urged on by the Heavenly King and with the spirit of righteousness analed have of

Our progenitors learn this that no Layman should have any right to possess himself of any church or of any of the things that belong to the church and therefore strongly and truly we set and decree and in the name of almighty God and of All Saints we forbid all our

Succeeding Kings and aldermen and all law men ever any lordship over churches and over all their apperances which I or my elders in old days have given for a Perpetual inheritance to the glory of Christ and our ladyes te Mary and the Holy Apostles and look when it happeneth that

Bishop or Abbot or abbis depart from this life be it told the Archbishop and with his counsel and injunction be chosen such as be worthy and the life of him that shall be chosen to so holy a thing let the Archbishop examine and his cleanness and in no wise be chosen

Anyone or to so holy a thing consecrated without the archbishop’s counsel Kings shall appoint Earls and aldermen sheriffs and judges but the Archbishop shall consult and provide for God’s flock Bishops and Abbotts and abses and priests and deacons he shall choose an appoint and also sanctify and confirm

With good precepts and example lest that any of God’s flock go astray and perish ad. 697 this year the South umbrians slew ostria the queen of Ethel red the sister of averth AD 699 this year the p slew Alderman Bert ad. 72 this year kred assumed the government of the South umbrians Ad

73 this year died Bishop heta having held the Sea of Winchester 27 Winters ad 74 this year Ethel R the son of penda King of Mia entered into a monastic life having rain 29 Winters and S succeeded to the government ad75 this year died yurth King of the

North umbrians on the 19th day before the calends of January at driffield and was succeeded by his son Ed Bishop saako also died the same year ad79 this year died aldhelm who was Bishop by Westwood the land of the West Saxons was divided into two Bishop Ricks

In the first days of Bishop Dan who held one whilst aldhelm held the other before this it was only one for there succeeded to aldhelm and seid succeeded to the kingdom of Mia and senid went to Rome and AFA with him and senid was there to the end of his life

The same year died Bishop wilfor at andle but his body was carried to Ripon he was the bishop whom king of Earth compelled to go to Rome ad. 710 this year AKA priest of wilfor succeeded to the bishoprick that wilfor air held and Alderman berith fought with

The picks between Hugh and coral AA also and nun his relative fought with Grant King of the Welsh and the same year hibal was slain ad 714 this year died guthlac the holy and King pepen ad 715 this year AA and sealord fought at WRA 20 4 and King dagobert departed this

Life ad 716 this year O King of the North umbrians was slain near the southern borders he reigned 11 Winters after yurth senid then succeeded to the government and held it 2 years then ozich who held it 11 years this same year died sealord King of the

Merians his body lies at Lichfield but that of Ethel red the son of penda at bardney ethelbald then succeeded to the kingdom of Mia and held it one in 40 Winters ethelbald was the son of Ali Ali of iwa iwa of weba whose genealogy is already written the venerable Eggbert

About this time converted the monks of Iona to the right faith in the regulation of Easter and the ecclesiastical tonsure ad. 718 this year died in Guild the brother of V quinber and kbga were their sisters kubera reared the monastery of VI and though given in marriage to yurth King

Of Northumberland they parted during their lives ad 721 this year Bishop Daniel went to Rome and the same year AA slew kolf the effing this year also died the holy Bishop John who was Bishop 33 years and 8 months and 13 days his body now re death at Beverly ad

722 this year Queen ethelberg destroyed Taunton which AA had formerly built ibert wandered a wretched Exile in suan Sussex and AA fought with the South Saxons ad 725 this year died wider king of Kent on the ninth day before the cend of May after a rain of 32 Winters

His pedigree is above and he was succeeded by edbert AA this year also fought with the South Saxons and slew iberg the etheling whom he had before driven into Exile ad. 727 this year died Tobias Bishop of Rochester and Archbishop berwald consecrated alul Bishop in his stad ad

728 this year 25 five AA went to Rome and there gave up the ghost he was succeeded in the Kingdom of Wessex by Ethel har his relative who held it 14 years but he fought the same year with Oswald the etheling Oswald was the son of ethelbald ethelbald of seald seald of

Cwin cwin of sein ad. 729 this year appeared the comet star and St Egbert died in Iona this year also died the effing Oswalt and ozich was slain who was 11 Winters king of North umberland to which kingdom seal wolf succeeded and held it 8 years the said seal wolf was the son

Of Kua Kua of cwin cwin of lewald lewald of edwald edwald of eldel elel of AKA AKA of Ida Ida of yappa Archbishop berwald died this year on The Ides of January he was Bishop 37 Winters and 6 months and 14 days the same year tat

Wine who was before a priest at bran in Mia was consecrated Archbishop by Daniel Bishop of Winchester inwald Bishop of London aldwin Bishop of Lichfield and alul Bishop of Rochester on the 10th day of June he enjoyed the arch bishopi about 3 years ad. 729 and the same year ozich died he was

King 11 years then seal wolf succeeded to the kingdom and held it 8 years ad700 33 this year ethelbald took Summerton the sun was eclipsed and AKA was driven from his bishoprick ad. 734 this year was the moon as if covered with blood and Archbishop twine and beat

Departed this life and Egbert was consecrated Bishop ad. 735 this year Bishop Eggbert received the Paul at Rome ad 736 this year Archbishop nelm received the Paul from the bishop of the Romans ad 737 this year Bishop for there and queen ftha went to Rome and King seal wolf

Received the clerical tonsure giving his kingdom to edbert his uncle’s son who reigned one in 20 Winters bishop ethal and AKA died this year and kinol was consecrated Bishop the same year also ethelbald ravaged the land of the North umbrians ad. 738 this year edbury the son of Eda the

Son of lewald succeeded to the north uman Kingdom and held it one in 20 Winters Archbishop Egbert the son of AA was his brother they both rest under one porch in the city of York ad. 740 this year died King Ethel hard and CED his relative succeeded to the West

Saxon Kingdom which he held for 14 Winters during which time he fought many hard battles with ethelbald King of the merians on the death of Archbishop nelm cuthber was consecrated Archbishop and dun Bishop of Rochester this year York was on fire ad. 742 this year there was a large Senate

Assembled at Cliffs who and there was Ethel bald king of Mia with Archbishop Cuthbert and many other wise men ad. 743 this year ethelbald king of Mia and CED King of the West Saxons fought with the Welsh ad. 744 this year Daniel resigned the Sea of Winchester to which hfor was promoted

The Stars went swiftly shooting and Wilford the younger who had been 30 winter Bishop of York died on the third day before the calends of May ad700 45 this year died Daniel 43 Winters had then elapsed since he received the Episcopal function a746 this year was King SED slain

A748 this year was slain syri etheling of the West Saxons edbert king of Kent died and ethelbert son of King wiard succeeded to the kingdom ad700 50 this year C King of the West Saxons fought with the proud Chief Ethel hun ad 752 this year the 12th of his Reign C

King of the West Saxons fought at berford 27 with ethelbald king of the merians and put him to flight ad 753 this year CED King of the West Saxons fought against the Welsh ad. 750 4 this year died C King of the West Saxons and sebrite his relative

Succeeded to the kingdom which he held one year sinard succeeded humr in the sea of Winchester and Canterbury was this year on fire ad 755 this year kolf with the consent of the West Saxon Council deprived sebrite his relative for unrighteous Deeds of his kingdom except Hampshire which he

Retained until he slew the alderman who remained the longest with him then kolf drove him to the forest of andred where he remained until a Swain stabbed him at privet and revenged the alderman cumra the same kolf fought many hard battles with the Welsh and about 1 in 30 Winters

After he had the kingdom he was desirous of expelling a prince called sinard who was the brother of sebrite but he having understood that the King was gone thinly attended on a visit to a lady at Merton 28 rode after him and beset him therein surrounding

The town without a the attendants of the king were aware of him when the king found this he went out of doors and defended himself with courage till having looked on the etheling he rushed out upon him and wounded him severely then were they all fighting against the

King until they had slain him as soon as the king stains and the lady’s Bower heard the tumult they ran to the spot whoever was then ready the etheling immediately offered them life and rewards which none of them would accept but continued fighting together against him till they all lay dead except one

British hostage and he was severely wounded when the king’s stains that were behind heard in the morning that the King was slain they rode to the spot ozich his Alderman and wyver his th and the men that he had left behind and they met the etheling at the town where the

King lay slain the gates however were locked against against them which they attempted to force but he promised them their own choice of money and land if they would Grant him the kingdom reminding them that their relatives were already with him who would never desert him to which they answered that no

Relative could be dearer to them than their lord and that they would never follow his murderer then they besought their relatives to depart from him safe and sound they replied that the same request was made to their comrades that were formerly with the King and we are as regardless of the result

They rejoined as our comrades who with the King were slain then they continued fighting at the gates till they rushed in and slew the etheling and all the men that were with him except one who was the godson of the Alderman and whose life he spared though he was often

Wounded this same kolf reigned 1 and 30 Winters his body lies at Winchester and that of the etheling at axminster their paternal pedigree goeth in a direct line to churich the same year ethelbald King of the merians was slain at sington and his body lies at repon he reigned one in 40

Years and burnr then succeeded to the kingdom which he held but a little while and un prosperously for King Offa the same year put him to flight and assumed the government which he held 9 and 30 Winters his son of Earth held it 140

Days ala was the son of thfor thur of in wolf in wolf of osmed osmed of Ewa Ewa of weba weba of crota crota of senal senal of neba neba of isil isil ofrr of Angel THU Angel THU of AFA AFA of warmand wand of Whitley Whitley of Wen ad.

755 this year kolf deprived king sigbert of his kingdom and saber’s brother seard by name slew kolf at Merton and he reigned 31 years and in the same year ethelbald King of the merians was slain at repon and ala succeeded to the kingdom of the merians burn red being driven out ad.

757 this year edbert King of the North umbrians received the toner and his son osul the kingdom which he held one year him his own domestic slew on the 9th day before the Cal of August ad 758 this year died Archbishop cuthber he held the Archbishop 18 years ad

759 this year Brewin was invested Archbishop at mikelus and continued four years M ethal this year succeeded to the north umbrian Kingdom held it six Winters and then resigned it ad. 760 this year died ethelbert king of Kent who was the son of King wiard and also of seal wolf ad.

761 this year was the severe winter and mul King of the North umbrians slew Oswin at Edwin’s cliff on the e8th day before the Ides of August ad 762 this year died Archbishop Brewin ad 763 this year Ebert was invested Archbishop on the 40th Day over midwinter and frial Bishop of white

Died on the known of may he was consecrated at York on the 18th day before the calends of September in the 6th year of the reign of seal wolf and was Bishop 9 in 20 Winters then was petwin consecrated Bishop of Wier at adling Fleet on the 16th day before the

Calends of August ad. 764 this year Archbishop eberg received the poll ad. 765 this year alred succeeded to the kingdom of the north umbrians and rained eight Winters ad. 766 this year died Archbishop edbert at York on the 13th day before the calends of December who was Bishop 36 Winters

And fibert at hexam who was Bishop their 34 Winters ethelbert was consecrated to York and Elman to Hexum ad 768 this year died King edberg the son of Eda on the 14th day before the calends of September ad. 772 this year died Bishop mild ad 774 this year the north umbrians

Banished their King AED from York at Easter tide and chose Ethel red the son of Mo for their lord who reigned four Winters this year also appeared in the heavens a red crucifix after Sunset the Persians and the men of Kent fought at ORD and wonderful serpents were seen in

The land of the South Saxons ad 775 this year kolf and AFA fought near bensington and AFA took possession of the town in the days of this King AFA there was an Abbot at Med Hamstead called bana who with the consent of all the monks of the Minster led to farm to

Alderman cuthber 10 coold lands at swine’s head with leaso and and with Meadow and with all the apperences provided that the said Cuthbert gave the said Abbott £50 therefore and each year entertainment for one night or 30 Shillings in money 29 provided also that after his decease the said lands should

Revert to the monastery the king AFA and king of Earth and Archbishop Hibbert and Bishop seal wolf and Bishop Ena and Abbott bana and many other Bishops and Abbotts and rich men were witnesses to the this in the days of this same ala was an alderman of

The name of borda who requested the king for his sake to free his own Monastery called woking because he would give it to M Hamstead and EST Peter and the Abbot that then was whose name was PSA Pusa succeeded bana and the King loved him much and the King freed the

Monastery of woking against King against Bishop against Earl and against all men so that no man should have any claim there except St Peter and the Abbot this was done at the king’s town called free richbond ad 776 this year died Bishop petwin on the 13th day before the calends of

October having been Bishop 14 Winters the same year ethelbert was consecrated Bishop of Wier at York on the 17th day before the calend of July ad 778 this year Ethel bald and Herbert slew three highight sheriffs elul the son of Boza at Kliff kolf and ego at

Heln on the 11th day before the cin of April then elal having banished Ethel red from his territory seized on his kingdom and reigned 10 Winters ad. 780 this year a battle was fought between the old Saxons and the Franks and the high sheriffs of North Umbria

Committed to the Flames Alderman burn at Silton on the ninth day before the Cal of January the same year Archbishop ethelbert died at York and eald was consecrated in his stad Bishop kolf retired to Holy Island Elman Bishop of hexam died on the seventh day before the IDS of September and tber was

Consecrated in his stad on the sixth day before the GN of October hibal was consecrated Bishop of holy Island at sberry and King elal sent to Rome for a Paul in behoof of Archbishop eal a 782 this year died wber queen of sealord and Bishop kolf in holy Island and the

Same year there was a CID at akle ad. 784 this year sinard slew King kolf and was slain himself and 84 men with him then Bert Rick undertook the government of the West Saxons and reigned 16 years his body is deposited vised at waram and his pedigree goeth in a direct line to

Churich at this time reigned Elman King in Kent the father of Egbert and Egbert was the father of a Thal ad. 785 this year died both win Abbot of rippen and a litigious Senate was Holden at chalk height Archbishop Eber resigned some part of his bishoprick Hibert was

Appointed Bishop by King AFA and ith was consecrated King in the meantime legats were sent from r Rome to England by popee Adrien to renew the blessings of faith and peace which St Gregory sent us by the mission of Bishop Austine and they were received with every Mark of honor and respect ad

787 this year King burkich took at burga the daughter of AFA to wife and in his days came first three ships of the northmen from the land of robbers the Rev 30 then rode there too and would drive them to the kingk town for he knew not what they were and there

Was he slain these were the first ships of the Danish men that sought the land of the English Nation ad 788 this year there was a senate assembled at FAL in north umberland on the fourth day before the nones of September and Abbott Albert departed this life ad.

789 this year elal King of the North umbrians was slain by sea on the 11th day before the calends of October and a Heavenly light was often seen on the spot where he was slain he was buried in the Church of Hexum and Os the son of

Alred who was his nephew succeeded him in the government this year there was a senate assembled at akle ad. 790 this year Archbishop Ebert died and Abbot eel herd was chosen Archbishop the same year osre King of the North umbrians was betrayed and banished from his kingdom and Ethel red the son of

Ethelwald succeeded him ad 791 this year balol was consecrated Bishop of Wi on the 16th day before the calends of August by Archbishop eald and Bishop ethelberg ad. 792 this year Offa king of Mia commanded that King ethelbert should be beheaded and Ed who had been King of the north um

Ian returning home after his Exile was apprehended and slain on the 18th day before the calends of October his body is deposited at time mouth Ethel read this year on the third day before the calends of October took unto himself a new wife whose name was ala ad.

793 this year came Dreadful forewarnings over the land of the north umbrians terrifying the people most woefully these were immense sheets of light rushing through the air and whirlwinds and fiery dragons flying across the firmament these tremendous tokens were soon followed by A Great Famine and not

Long after on the sixth day before the Ides of January in the same year the harrowing inroads of heathen men made lamentable havoc in the Church of God in holy Island by rapping and Slaughter Sega died on the e8th day before the calends of March ad.

794 this year died Pope Adrien and also AFA king of Mia on the fourth day before the Ides of August after he had reigned 40 Winters Ethel Red King of the North umbrians was slain by his own people on the 13th day before the calends of May

In consequence of which Bishop seal wolf and edal retired from the land Iver took to the government of Mia and died the same year Egbert whose other name was p r YN obtained the kingdom of Kent and alderman herd died on the C of August in the meantime the Heathen Army spread

Devastation among the North umbrians and plundered the monastery of king of Earth at the mouth of the we there however some of their leaders were slain and some of their ships also were shattered to Pieces by the violence of the weather many of the crew were drowned and some

Who escaped alive to the shore were soon dispatched at the mouth of the river ad. 795 this year was the moon eclipsed between crowing and Dawn 31 on the fifth day before the calends of April and erul succeeded to the north umbrian Kingdom

On the 2 before the Ides of may he was afterwards consecrated and raised to his throne at York on the seventh day before the calends of June by Archbishop eald and Bishop Sebert hibble and Baldo ad. 796 this you died Archbishop in on the fourth day before the IDS of August and

His body is deposited at York the same year also died Bishop seal wolf and another eald was consecrated to the Sea of the former on the 19th day before the calends of September about the same time kolf king of Mia made inroads upon the inhabitants

Of Kent as far as the marsh and the meran seized edbert pyn their king led him bound into Mia and suffered men to pick out his eyes and cut off his hands 32 an eard Archbishop of Canterbury held a senate wherein he ratified and confirmed by command of Pope Leo all

Things concerning God’s monasteries that were fixed in wiitar days and in other kingk days saying thus I ethar The Humble Archbishop of Canterbury with the unanimous concurrence of the whole Senate and of all the congregations of all the minsters to which in former days Freedom was given by faithful men in

God’s name and by his terrible judgment do decree as I have command from Pope Leo that henceforth none dare to choose them Lords from lewd men over God’s inheritance but as it is in the Writ that the pope has given or holy men have settled our fathers and our teachers

Concerning holy minsters so they continue untainted without any resistance if there is any man that will not observe this decree of God of our Pope and of us but overlooke it and holdeth it for not let them know that they shall give an account before the Judgment seat of God and I eard

Archbishop with 12 Bishops and with three and 20 abbots this same with the root token of Christ confirm and fasten ad 796 this year AFA King of the merians died on the fourth before the Cal of August he reigned 40 years ad. 797 this year the Romans cut out the

Tongue of Pope Leo put out his eyes and drove him from his sea but soon after by the assistance of God he could see and speak and became Pope as he was before imal also received the Paul on the sixth day before the Ides of September and

Bishop ethur died on the 3D before the calend of November ad. 798 this year a severe battle was fought in the north umbrian territory during Lent on the fourth day before the known of of April at wle wherein Al the son of Herbert was slain and many others with him ad

799 this year Archbishop ethelbert and sbert Bishop of Wessex went to Rome in the meantime Bishop alen died at Sudbury and was buried at Dunwich after him tirith was elected to the Sea and sirak King of the East Saxons went to Rome in this year the

Body of Whit burga was found in tire and free from Decay at Duram after a lapse of 5 and 50 years from the period of her decease 8800 this year was the moon eclipsed at 88 in the evening on the 17th day before the calends of February and soon after

Died King Berk rck and Alderman were Egbert succeeded to the West Saxon Kingdom and the same day ethelon Alderman of the witchin rode over the Temps at kbur where he was met by Alderman waxon with the men of Wiltshire and a terrible conflict ensued in which both the

Commanders were slain but the men of Wilshire obtained the victory 8801 this year borod was ordained Bishop of Rochester ad. 82 this year was the moon eclipsed at dawn on the 13th day before the calend of January and bermad was consecrated Bishop of Rochester 88 103 this year died hibble Bishop of holy

Island on the 24th of June and Eggbert was consecrated in his dead on the 13th of June following Archbishop Ethel herd also died in Kent and wolfred was chosen Archbishop in his stad Abbott forth R in the course of the same year departed this life ad 84 this year Archbishop wolfred received

His Paul ad 85 this year died King CED in Kent and abbis cbera and Alderman Herbert 86 this year was the moon eclipsed on the 1st of September bird wolf King of the North umbrians was banished from his dominions and inber Bishop of Hexum departed this life this year also on the

Next day before the known of June a cross was seen in the moon on a Wednesday at the Dawn and afterwards during the same year on the third day before the calends of September a wonderful Circle was displayed about the sun ad 87 this year was the sun eclipsed

Precisely at 11: in the morning on the 17th day before the calends of August ad. 8812 this year died the emperor Charlamagne after a reign of 5 and 40 Winters and Archbishop wolfred accompanied by wigbert Bishop of Wessex undertook a journey to Rome ad. 8113 this year Archbishop wolfred

Returned to his own sea with the blessing of Pope Leo and King Eggbert spread Devastation in Cornwall from east to west ad. 8814 this year died Leo the noble and holy Pope and Steven succeeded him in the papal government ad. 8116 this year died Pope Steven and pascalis was consecrated Pope after him

This same year the school of the English Nation at Rome was destroyed by fire ad. 819 this year died sen wolf king of Mia and seal wolf 33 succeeded him Alderman edbert also departed this life 821 this year seal wolf was deprived of his kingdom ad8 822 this year two aldermen were slain

Whose names were burel and Mah and a sinid was Holden at Cliffs who ad 823 this year a battle was fought between the Welsh in Cornwall and the people of devenshire at camford and in the course of the same year Eggbert King of the West Saxons and

Burnwolf king of Mia fought a battle at Wilton in which edbert gained the victory but there was great Slaughter on both sides then sent he his son Ethel wolf into Kent with a large Detachment from the main body of the army accompanied by his Bishop Elan and his

Alderman Wolford who drove bald red the king northward over the temps whereupon the men of Kent immediately submitted to him as did also the inhabitants of sui and Sussex and Essex who had been unlawfully kept from their allegiance by his relatives the same year also the king of

The East Ang Les and his subjects besought King Eggbert to give them peace and protection against the terror of the merians whose King burnwolf they slew in the course of the same year ad 825 this year ludan king of Mia was slain and his five aldermen with him

After which wigl succeeded to the kingdom ad 827 this year was the moon eclipsed on midwinter’s mass night and King Eggbert in the course of the same year conquered the merian kingdom and all that is south of the Humber being the eighth King who was Sovereign of all the British

Dominions Ella King of the South Saxons was the first who possessed so large a territory the second was sein King of the West Saxons the third was ethelbert king of Kent the fourth was red Wald King of the East angles the fifth was Edwin King of the

North umbrians the sixth was Oswald who succeeded him the seventh was OS the brother of Oswald the eighth was Egbert King of the West Saxons this same Eggbert LED an Army against the north umbrians as far as door where they met him and offered terms of obedience and subjection on the

Acceptance of which they returned home ad 828 this year wigl recovered his merian kingdom and Bishop eald departed this life the same year King Egbert LED an Army against the people of North Wales and compelled them all to peaceful submission ad 829 this year died Archbishop wolfred

And Abbot fild was after him chosen to the Sea on the 25th of April and consecrated on a Sunday the 11th of June on the 13th of August he was dead ad 830 this year Seth was chosen and consecrated Archbishop on the death of Abbott fild ad 831 this year Archbishop SEO received

The poll ad 832 this year Heathen man overan the Isle of sheipi AD 833 this year fought King edbert with 35 Pirates at charmouth where a great Slaughter was made and the Danes remained masters of the field two Bishops herforth and Wigan and two aldermen daa and osmed died the same

Year ad 835 this year came a great Naval Armament into West Wales where they were joined by the people who commenced war against Eggbert the West Saxon King when he heard this he proceeded with his Army against them and fought with them at henon where he put to flight both the

Welsh and the Danes ad 836 this year died king edbert himaa king of Mia and burrick the West Saxon King drove out of England into France 3 years before he was King Bert Rick assisted AFA because he had married his daughter Eggbert having afterwards returned rained 37 Winters in 7 months

Then Ethel Wolf the son of Eggbert succeeded to the West Saxon Kingdom and he gave his son athlan the kingdom of Kent and of Essex and of sui and of Sussex 8837 this year Alderman Wolford fought at Hampton with 33 Pirates and after great Slaughter obtained the victory but

He died the same year Alderman eelm also with the men of dorer fought with the Danish Army in Portland Isle and for a good while put them to flight but in the end the Danes became masters of the field and slew the alderman ad 838 this year Alderman Herbert was slain

By the heathens and many men with him among the marsh Landers the same year afterwards in Lindsay East Anglia and Kent were many men slain by the Army ad 839 this year there was great Slaughter in London Canterbury and Rochester ad 840 this year King Ethel wolf fought at

Charmouth with 35 ship screws and the Danes remained masters of the place the emperor Lewis died this year ad 8:45 this year Alderman Ewolf with the men of Somerset Shir and Bishop Eon and Alderman ozich with the men of dorer fought at the mouth of the parret with

The Danish Army and there after making a great Slaughter obtained the victory ad 851 this year Alderman surl with the men of devenshire fought the Heathen Army at weberg and after making great Slaughter obtained the victory the same year King athlan and Alderman elra fought in their

Ships and slew a large army at sandwich in Kent taking nine ships and dispersing the rest the heathens now for the first time remained over winter in the aisle of thanet the same year came 350 ships into the mouth of the temps the crew of which went upon land and stormed

Canterberry in London putting to flight bertol King of the merians with his army and then marched Southward over the temps into Sur here Ethel wolf and his son ethelbald at the head of the West Saxon Army fought with them at Oley and made the greatest Slaughter of the

Heathen Army that we have ever heard reported to this present day there also they obtained the victory a d852 about this time Abbott sealord of met Hamstead with the concurrence of the monks let to hand the land of Singham to wolfred with the provision that after his demise the said land should revert

To the monastery that wolfred should give the land of sford to Mio Hamstead and should send each year into the monaster St 60 loads of wood 12 loads of coal six loads of Pete two tons full of fine ale two neats carcasses 600 Loaves and 10 kilderkin of well Shale one horse also

Each year and 30 Shillings and one night’s entertainment this agreement was made in the presence of king bird Archbishop COV Bishops tber Ken red alun and Burk red Abbotts Wick red and weard all eel herd and hbert and many others ad 853 this year bird king of Mia with his

Councel besought King ethelwolf to assist him to subdue North Wales he did so and with an army marched over Mia into North Wales and made all the inhabitants subject to him the same year King ethelwolf sent his son Alfred to Rome and Leo who was then Pope

Consecrated him King and adopted him as as his spiritual son the same year also Ela with the men of Kent and Huda with the men of sui fought in the aisle of thanet with the Heathen Army and soon obtained the victory but there were many men slain and drowned on either hand and

Both the alderman killed bird the merian king about this time received in marriage the daughter of ethelwolf King of the West Saxons ad 854 this year the Heathen men 34 for the first time remained over winter in the Isle of sheipi the same year King ethelwolf registered a tenth of his land

Over all his kingdom for the honor of God and for his own Everlasting salvation the same year also he went to Rome with great Pomp and was resident there a 12 month then he returned Homeward and Charles King of the Franks gave him his daughter whose name was

Judith to be his Queen after this he came to his people and they were Fain to receive him but about 2 years after his residence among the Franks he died and his body lies at Winchester he reigned 18 years and a half and Ethel wolf was the son of

Egbert Egbert of iland iland of epha epha of yappa yappa of in gild in gild was the brother of AA King of the West Saxons who held that Kingdom 37 Winters and afterwards went to EST Peter where he died and they were the sons of senid

Senid of seald seald of Kua Kua of cwin cwin of cin cin of syri syri of Cota Cota of churich Church of Alesa Alesa of Esla Esla of guus guus of wig wig of free wine free wine of fragar fragar of brond brond of baldy baldy of Wen Wen of

Fald fald of free wine free wine of folf folf of Finn Finn of godwolf godwolf of great great of tiwa TI of bu bu of selwa selwa of hmad hmod of idman idman of hathra hathra of Walla Walla of bedg bedg of sea that is the son of Noah who was born

In Noah’s Ark lack methusalem Eno Jared malel Canon Enos Seth Adam the first man and our father that is Christ amen then two sons of Ethel wolf succeeded to the kingdom ethelbald to Wessex and ethelberg to Kent Essex Sur and Sussex ethelbald reigned 5 years Alfred

His third son Ethel wolf had sent to Rome and when the pope heard say that he was dead he consecrated Alfred King and held him under spiritual hands as his father ethelwolf had desired and for which purpose he had sent him thither 855 and on his return homewards He took

Two wife the daughter of Charles King of the French whose name was Judith and he came home safe and then in about 2 years he died and his body lies at Winchester and he reigned 18 years and a half and he was the son of Egbert and then his

Two sons succeeded to the kingdom ethelbald to the kingdom of the West Saxons and ethelbert to the kingdom of the kentish men and of the East Saxons and of sui and of the South Saxons and he reigned five years ad. 860 this year died King ethelbald and his body lies at

Sherborn ethelbert his brother then succeeded to the whole Kingdom and held it in good order and great Tranquility in his days came a large Naval Force up into the country and stormed Winchester but Alderman ozich with the command of Hampshire and Alderman ethelwolf with the command of Burkshire

Fought against the enemy and putting them to flight made themselves m masters of the field of battle the said ethelbert reigned 5 years and his body lies at Sherborn ad 861 this year died Street swithin Bishop ad 865 this year sat the Heathen Army in the Isle of thanet and made peace with

The men of Kent who promised money therewith but under the security of peace and the promise of money the Army in the night stole up the country and overran all Kent Eastward ad 866 this year ether 35 brother of ethelbert took to the West Saxon government and the same year came a

Large Heathen Army into England and fixed their winter quarters in East Anglia where they were soon horsed and the inhabitants made peace with them ad 867 this year the Army went from the East angles over the mouth of the Humber to the north umbrians as far as York and

There was much dissension in that Nation among themselves they had deposed their King osber and had admitted a who had no natural claim late in the year however they returned to their allegiance and they were now fighting against the common enemy having collected a vast force with which they fought the Army at

York and breaking open the town some of them entered in then was there an immense Slaughter of the north umbrians some within and some without and both the kings were slain on the spot the survivors made peace with the Army the same year died Bishop Eon who had the

Bishoprick of Sherborn 50 Winters and his body lies in the town ad 868 this year the same Army went into Mia to Nottingham and there fixed their winter quarters and bird king of the merians with his Council besought ether King of the West Saxons and Alfred his

Brother that they would assist them in fighting against the Army and they went with the West Saxon Army into Mia as far as notingham and their meeting the Army on The Works they beset them within but there was no heavy fight for the merians made peace with the Army

8869 this year the Army went back to York and sat there a year 8870 this year the Army rode over Mia into East Anglia and their fixed their winter Quarters at thatford and in the winter King Edmund fought with them but the Danes gained the Victory and slew

The king whereupon they overran all that land and destroyed all the monasteries to which they came the names of the leaders who slew the king were hingar and hubba at the same time came they to Med Hamstead burning and breaking and slaying Abbott and monks and all that

They there found they made such Havoc there that a monastery which was before full Rich was now reduced to nothing the same year died Archbishop cnno and ether Bishop of witz hire was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury ad 871 this year came the Army to reading in Wessex and in the course of three

Nights after rode two Earls up who were met by Alderman Ethel wolf at englefield where he fought with them and obtained the victory there one of them was slain whose name was sidrach about 4 night after this King ether and Alfred his brother LED their main Army to reading where they fought

With the Enemy and there was much Slaughter on either hand Alderman ethelwolf being among the skain but the Danes kept possession of the field and about four nights after this King ether and Alfred his brother fought with all the Army on Ashdown and the Danes were overcome they had two Heathen Kings bag

Sack and hilon and many Earls and they were in two divisions in one one of which were bag sack and hilon the Heathen Kings and in the other were the Earls King ether therefore fought with the troops of the Kings and there was King bagsac slain and Alfred his brother

Fought with the troops of the Earls and there were slain Earl sidrach the Elder Earl sidrach the younger Earl Osburn Earl freen and Earl Harold they put both the troops to flight there were many thousands of the slain and they continued fighting till night within a Court night of this King ether and

Alfred his brother fought with the Army at basing and there the Danes had the victory about 2 months after this King ether and Alfred his brother fought with the Army at Martin they were in two divisions and they put them both to flight enjoying the victory for some

Time during the day and there was much Slaughter on either hand but the Danes became masters of the field and there was slain Bishop hund with many other good men after this fight came a vast Army Army in the summer to reading and after the Easter of this year died King

Ether he reigned 5 years and his body lies at Wimber Minster then Alfred his brother the son of ethelwolf took to the Kingdom of Wessex and within a month of this King Alfred fought against all the army with a small Force at Wilton and long pursued

Them during the day but the Danes got possession of the field this year were nine General battles fought with the Army in the Kingdom south of the temps besides those skirmishes in which Alfred the king’s brother and every single Alderman and the THS of the king oft rode against them which were accounted

Nothing this year also were slain nine Earls and one king and the same year the West Saxons made peace with the Army 871 and the Danish men were overcome and they had two Heathen Kings bag sack and half Deen and many Earls and there were was King bagac slain and

These Earls sidrach the Elder and also sidrach the younger Osburn Fen and Harold and the Army was put to flight ad 872 this year went the Army to London from reading and their chose their winter quarters then the merians made peace with the Army ad 873 this year went the Army against the

North umbrians and fixed their winter Quarters at txy in Y and the merians again made peace with the Army ad 874 this year went the Army from Lindsay to Repton and there took up their winter quarters drove the king bird oversea when he had rained about 2 and 120

Winters and subdued all that land he then went to Rome and there remained to the end of his life and his body lies in the Church of Santa Maria in the school of the English nation and the same year they gave seal wolf an unwise King stain

The merian kingdom to hold and he swore Oaths to them and gave hostages that it should be ready for them on whatever day they would have it and he would be ready with himself and with all those that would remain with him at the service of the army ad

875 this year went the Army from Repton and hilon advanced with some of the Army against the North umbrians and fixed his winter quarters by the river time the Army then subdued that land and of invaded the PS and the Strath calans meanwhile the three kings Guam

Osel and anwi went from Repton to Cambridge with a vast Army and sat there one year this summer King Alfred went out to sea with an armed Fleet and fought with seven ship Rovers one of whom he took and dispersed the others 8876 this year rala penetrated Normandy

With his army and he ra rained 50 Winters and this year the Army stole into waram a fort of the West Saxons the king afterwards made peace with them and they gave him as hostages those who were worthiest in the Army and swore with oath on the holy bracelet

Which they would not be to Any Nation that they would readily go out of his kingdom then under color of this their Cavalry stole by night into exitor the same year hilon divided the land of the north umbrians so that they became afterwards their Harrows and plowers

876 and in this same year the army of the Danes in England swore Oaths to King Alfred upon the holy ring which before they would not do to Any Nation and they delivered to the king hostages from among the most distinguished men of the army that they would speedily depart

From his kingdom and that by night they broke 877 this year came the Danish Army into exiter from waram whilst the Navy sailed West about until they met with a great Mist at Sea and there perished 120 ships at Swan witch 36 meanwhile King Alfred with his army

Rode after the Cavalry as far as exitor but he could not overtake them before their arrival in the Fortress where they could not be come at there they gave him as many hostages as he required swearing with solom Oaths to observe the strictest Amity in the Harvest the Army

Entered Mia some of which they divided among them and some they gave to seal wolf ad 878 this year about midwinter after 12th night the Danish Army stole out to chiam and rode over the land of the West Saxons where they settled and drove many of the people

Oversea and of the rest the greatest part they rode down and subdued to their will all but Alfred the king he with a little band uneasily sought the woods and fastnesses of the Moors and in the winter of this same year the brother of ingar and hilon landed in

Wessex in devenshire with three and 20 ships and there was he slain and 800 men with him and 40 of his army there also was taken the war flag which they called The Raven in the Easter of this year King Alfred with his little Force raised

A work at aony from which he assailed the Army assisted by that part of Somerset sh which was Nest to it then in the seventh week after Easter he rode to Brixton by the Eastern side of Sellwood and there came out to meet him all the people of sumers cers Shire and

Wiltshire and that part of Hampshire which is on this side of the sea and they rejoiced to see him then within one night he went from this Retreat to hay and within one night after he proceeded to hington and there fought with all the Army and put them to flight riding after

Them as far as the Fortress where he remained a fortnight then the Army gave him hostages with many Oaths that they would go out of his kingdom they told him also that their king would receive baptism and they acted accordingly for in the course of 3 weeks

After King Gotham attended by some 30 of the worthiest men that were in the Army came to him at all which is near athony and there the king became his sponsor in baptism and his crism leasing was at wedmore he was there 12 knights with the king who honored him and his attendance

With many presents ad 879 this year went the Army from chiam to siren cesta and sat there a year the same year assembled a band of pirates and sat at Fulham by the temps the same year also the sun was eclipsed 1 hour of the Day ad

880 this year went the Army from siren sesta into East Anglia where they settled and divided the land the same year went the Army oversee that before sat at Fulham to gtin Franklin and sat there a year 881 this year went the Army higher up into Franklin and the Franks fought with

Them and there was the Army HED after the battle ad 882 this year went the Army up along the Mya far into Franklin and there sat a year and the same year went King Alfred out to sea with a fleet and fought with four ship Rovers of the Danes and took

Two of their ships wherein all the men were slain and the other two surrendered but the men were severely cut and wounded a they surrendered ad 883 this year went the Army up the skel to K and there sat a year and Pope marinas sent King Alfred the Blum Domin

The same year LED s and ailan to roam the arms which King Alfred ordered thither and also in India to Thomas and to St Bartholomew then they sat against the Army at London and there with the favor of God they were very successful after the performance of their vows ad

884 this year went the Army up the Sami toamen and there remained a year this year died the benevolent Bishop athal 8885 this year separated the beem mentioned Army in two one part East another to Rochester this city they surrounded and rought another Fortress around themselves the people however defended

The city until King Alfred came out with his army then went the enemy to their ships and forsook their work there were they provided with horses and soon after in the same summer they went oversea again the same year sent King Alfred a fleet from Kent into East

Anglia as soon as they came to stur there met them 16 ships of the Pirates and they fought with them took all the ships and slew the men as they returned Homeward with their booty they met a large Fleet of the Pirates and fought with them the same day but the Danes had

The victory the same year air midwinter died Charles King of the Franks he was slain by a boar and one year before his brother died who had also the Western Kingdom they were both the sons of Lewis who also had the Western Kingdom and died the same year that the sun was

Eclipsed he was the son of that Charles whose daughter ethelwolf King of the West Saxons had to wife and the same year collected a great Fleet against old Saxony and there was a great fight twice in the year and the Saxons had the victory there were the fanders with them

And the same year succeeded Charles to the Western Kingdom and to all the territory this side of the Mediterranean and Beyond as his great-grandfather held it except the lewitan the said Charles was the son of Lewis who was the brother of that Charles who was the father of Judith

Whom ethelwolf King of the West Saxons married they were the sons of Lewis who was the son of the Elder Charles who was the son of pepen the same year died the good Pope Martin who freed the English school at the request of Alfred King of

The West Saxons and he sent him great gifts in relics and a part of the rude on which Christ suffered and the same year the Army in East Anglia break the truce with King Alfred ad 886 this year went the Army back again to the West that before were bent

Eastward and proceeding upwards along the same fixed their winter quarters in the city of Paris 37 the same year also King Alfred fortified the city of London and the whole English Nation turned to him except that part of it which was held captive by the Dan

He then committed the city to the care of alderman ether to hold it under him ad 887 this year the Army Advanced beyond the bridge at Paris 38 and then upwards along the s to the MN then upwards on the MN as far as Shay and in their two

Stations there and on the Yan they Abode two Winters this same year died Charles King of the Franks Arnold his brother son had six weeks before his death bereft him of his kingdom which was now divided into five portions and five Kings were consecrated there too this however was

Done with the consent of Arnold and they agreed that they should hold in subjection to him because none of them had by birth any claim on the father’s side except him alone Arnold therefore dwelt in the country Eastward of the Ry rodulf took to the Middle District Boda

To the Western whilst Beringer and with it became Masters of Lombardy in the CIS Alpine territory but they held their Dominion in great Discord fought two general battles and frequently overran the country in partial encounters displacing each other several times the same year also in which the Danish Army Advanced

Beyond the bridge at Paris Alderman eelm led the arms of the West Saxons and of King Alfred to Rome ad 888 this year Alderman beak conducted the arms of the Saxons and of King Alfred to Rome but Queen ewith who was the sister of King Alfred died on the

Way to Rome and her body lies at pava the same year also ether Archbishop of Canterbury and Alderman Ethel wal died in one month ad 889 this year there was no journey to Rome except that King Alfred sent two Messengers with letters ad 890 this year Abbott burel conducted the

Arms of the West Saxons and of King Alfred to Rome and gam King of the northern men departed this life whose baptismal name was athlan he was the godson of King Alfred and he Abode among the East angles where he first established a settlement the same year also went the Army from the

Same to St low which is between the Britain and the Franks where the Breton fought with them obtained the Victory and drove them out into a river in which many of them were drowned this year also was plagman chosen by God and all his Saints to the arch bishopi in Canterbury ad

891 this year went the Army Eastward and King Arnold fought with the land force a the ships arrived in conjunction with the Eastern Franks and Saxons and bavarians and put them to flight and three Scots came to King Alfred in a boat without any ores from Ireland whence they stole away because they

Would live in a state of pilgrimage for the love of God they wrecked not where the boat in which they came was made of two hides and a half and they took with them Provisions for seven nights and within seven nights they came to land in Cornwall and soon after went to King

Alfred they were thus named dubs Lane and McBeth and mman and swinny the best teacher that was among the Scotts departed this life and the same year after Easter about the gang days or before appeared the star that men in book Latin call coma some

Men say that in English it may be termed Harry star for that there standeth off from it a long gleam of light WM on one side WM on each ad 893 this year went the large army that we before spoke about back from the eastern district Westward to belney and

There were shipped so that they transported themselves over at one time with their horses with all and they came up with 250 ships into the mouth of the limna which is in East Kent at the East End of the vast wood that we call Android this wood is in length East and

West 120 Mi or longer and 30 Mi broad the river that we before spoke about Leaf out of the wield on this River they towed up their ships as far as the wield for miles from the mouth outwards and they destroyed a fort within the fun

Whereon sat a few churs and which was hastily wrought soon after this came hen up with 80 ships into the mouth of the temps and brought him there a work at Milton and the other Army at appdore ad 894 this year that was about 12 months

After they had wrought a work in the eastern district the north umbrians and east angles had given Oaths to King Alfred and the East angles six hostages nevertheless contrary to the truce as oft as the other plunderers went out with all their army then went they also either with them or in a

Separate division upon this King Alfred gathered his army and advanced so that he encamped between the two armies at the highest point he could find defended by wood and by water that he might reach either if they would seek any field then went they forth in quest of the wheels

In troops and companies wheresoever the country was defenseless but they were also sought after most days by other companies either by day or by night both from the Army and also from the towns the king had divided his army into two parts so that they were always half at home half

Out besides the men that should maintain the towns the Army came not all out of their stations more than twice once when they first came to land a the forces were collected and again when they wished to depart from their stations they had now seized much booty

And would Ferry it northward over temps into Essex to meet their ship but the Army rode before them fought with them at faram routed their forces and there Arrested the booty and they flew over temps without any Ford then up by the cone on an island then the king’s

Forces beset them without as long as they had food but they had their time set and their meat noted and the King was advancing thither wordss on his march with the division that accompanied him but while he was advancing thither wordss the other force was returning homewards the Danes however still

Remained behind for their King was wounded in the fight so that they could not carry him then collected together those that dwell in North Umbria and East Anglia about 100 ships and went South about and with some 40 more went North about and besieged a fort in

Devire by the North Sea and those who went South about beset exiter when the king heard that then went he West towards exitor with all his Force except a very considerable part of the Eastern Army who advanced till they came to London and there being joined by the citizens and the reinforcements that

Came from the West they went East to Barn Fleet H was there with his gang who before were stationed at Milton and also the main Army had come thither that sat before in the mouth of the limna at appledore H had formerly constructed that work at Barn Fleet and was then

Gone out on plunder the main Army being at home then came the king’s troops and routed the enemy broke down the work took all that was there in money women and children and brought all to London and all the ships they either broke to pieces or burned or brought to London or to

Rochester and H’s wife and her two sons they brought to the king who returned them to him because one of them was his godson and the other Alderman ethers they had adopted them air H came to Bam Fleet when he had given them hostages and Oaths and the King had also given

Him many presents as he did also then when he returned the child and the wife and as soon as they came to Bam Fleet and the work was built then plundered he in the same quarter of his kingdom that ether his comper should have held and at

Another time he was plundering in the same district when his work was destroyed the king then went Westward with the Army toward exiter as I before said and the Army had beset the city but whilst he was gone they went to their ships whilst he was thus busied there

With the Army in the west the mara parties were both gathered together at Sherry in Essex and there built a fortress then they both went together up by the temps and a great Concourse joined them both from the East angles and from the north umbrians they then Advanced upward by

The temps till they arrived near the Severn then they proceeded upward by the Severn meanwhile assembled Alderman ether Alderman etham Alderman Etho and the Kings THS who were employed at home at the works from every town down east of the parrat as well as west of Sellwood and from the parts East and

Also north of the temps and west of the Severn and also some part of North Wales when they were all collected together they overtook the rear of the enemy at budington on the banks of the sever and there beset them without on each side in a fortress when they had sat there many

Weeks on both sides of the water and the King meanwhile was in devenshire Westward with the naval Force then where the enemy weighed down with famine they had devoured the greater part of their horses and the rest had perished with Hunger then went they out to the men

That sat on the Eastern side of the river and fought with them but the Christians had the Victory and their or Helm the king stain was slain and also many other kings stains and of the Danes there were many slain and that part of them that came away escaped only by

Flight as soon as they came into Essex to their Fortress and to their ships then gathered The Remnant again in East Anglia and from the north umbrians a great force before winter and having committed their wives and their ships and their booty to the east angles they

Marched on the stretch by day and night till they arrived at a western City in were Heil that is called Chester there the Army could not overtake them a they arrived within the work they beset the work though without some two days took all the cattle that was there about slew

The men whom they could overtake without the work and all the corn they either burned or consumed with their horses every evening that was about a 12 month since they first came hither oversea ad 895 soon after that in this year went the Army from where heel into North

Wales for they could not remain there because they were stripped both of the cattle and the corn that they had acquired by plunder when they went again out of North Wales with the booty they had acquired there they marched over Northumberland and East Anglia so that

The kingk Army could not reach them till they came into Essex Eastward on an island that is out at Sea called Mery and as the Army returned Homeward that had beset exitor they went up plundering in Sussex n Chichester but the townsmen put them to flight and slew

Many hundreds of them and took some of their ships then in the same year before winter the Danes who Abode in Mery towed their ships up on the temps and then up the Leah that was about 2 years after that they came hither oversea ad 896 this same year rought the afores

Said Army a work by the Leah 20 mi above the city of London then in the summer of this year when a large party of the citizens and also of other folk and made an attack on the work of the Danes but they were there routed and some four of the king

Stains were slain in the Harvest afterward the King encamped close to the city whilst they they reaped their corn that the Danes might not deprive them of the crop then someday rode the king up by the river and observed a place where the river might be obstructed so that

They could not bring out their ships and they did so they rought two works on the two sides of the river and when they had begun the work and encamped before it then understood the army that they could not bring out their ships whereupon they left them and went over land till they

Came to quadbridge by and they rought a work then rode the kingk Army Westward after the enemy and the men of London fetched the ships and all that they could not lead away they broke up but all that were worthy of capture they brought into the port of

London and the Danes procured an asylum for their wives among the East angles a they went out of the fort during the winter they Abode at quadbridge that was about 3 years since they came hither oversea into the mouth of the limna ad 897 in the summer of this year went the

Army some into East Anglia and some into North Umbria and those that were penniless got themselves ships and went South oversea to the saan the enemy had not thank God entirely destroyed the English Nation but they were much more weakened in these three years by the

Disease of cattle and most of all of men so that many of the mightiest of the king’s THS that were in the land died within the 3 years of these one was swol Bishop of Rochester sealman Alderman in Kent berol Alderman in Essex wolfred Alderman in Hampshire elhard Bishop of Dorchester

Edola King stain in Sussex berf governor of Winchester and the gulf the king’s horse stain and many also with them though I have named only the men of the highest rank this same year the plunderers in East Anglia and North Umbria greatly harassed the land of the West Saxons by

Piracies on the southern Coast but most of all by the eses which they built many years before then King Alfred gave orders for building long ships against the eses which were full n twice as long as the others some had 60 ores some more and they were both swifter and steadier

And also higher than the others they were not shaped either after the frian or the Danish model but so as he himself thought that they might be most serviceable then at a certain turn of this same year came six of their ships to the aisle of white and going into

Devenshire they did much Mischief both There and Everywhere on the Sea Coast then commanded the king his men to go out against them with nine of the new ships and prevent their escape by the mouth of the river to the outer sea then came they out against them with three

Ships and three others were standing upwards above the mouth on dry land for the men were gone off upon shore of the first three ships they took two at the mouth outwards and and slew the men the third veered off but all the men were slain except five and they too were

Severely wounded then came onward those who manned the other ships which were also very uneasily situated three were stationed on that side of the deep where the Danish ships were Ground whilst the others were all on the opposite side so that none of them could join the rest for the water

Had Eed many furlongs from them then went the Danes from their three ships to those other three that were on their side be ebbed and there they then fought there were slain lukaman the Kings rev and wolfard a frander EB a fander and Ethier a frander and ethur the King’s neat herd

And of all the men fanders and English 62 of the Danes 120 the tide however reached the Danish ships a the Christians could shove theirs out whereupon they rode them out but they were so crippled that they could not row them beyond the coast of Sussex there two of them the sea drove

Ashore and the crew were led to Winchester to the king who ordered them to be hanged the men who escaped in a single ship came to East Anglia severely wounded this same year were lost no less than 20 ships and the men with all on the southern coast wolck the king’s

Horain who was also vicroy of Wales died the same year ad 898 this year died etham Alderman of wilsh nine nights before Midsummer and hon who was Bishop of London ad 991 this year died Alfred the son of ethelwolf six nights before the mass of All Saints he was King over all the

English Nation except that part that was under the power of the Danes he held the government one year and a half less than 30 Winters and then Edward his son took to the government then Prince ethelwald the son of his paternal Uncle rode against the towns of Winburn and of

Twinam without leave of the king in his Council then rode the king with his army so that he encamped the same night at badbury near windburn and ethelwald remained within the town with the men that were under him and had all the gates shut upon him saying that he would

Either there live or there die but in the meantime he stole away in the night and sought the Army in Northumberland the king gave Ord to ride after him but they were not able to overtake him the Danes however received him as their King they then rode after

The wife that ethelwald had taken without the king’s leave and against the command of the Bishops for she was formerly consecrated a nun in this year also died ether who was Alderman of devenshire four weeks before King Alfred 92 this year was the great fight at the

Home 39 between the men of Kent and the dames a902 this year elwi died a93 this year died Alderman ethelwolf the brother of el swia mother of king Edward and virgilius Abbot of the Scots and grimbald the mass priest on the e8th day of July this same year was

Consecrated the new Minster at Winchester on St judo’s event ad 94 this year came ethelwald hither oversea with all the fleet that he could get and he was submitted to in Essex this year the moon was eclipsed ad 95 this year ethelwald enticed the Army in East Anglia to Rebellion so that they

Overran all the land of Mia until they came to cricklade where they forted the temps and having seized either in Bradon or thereabout all that they could lay their hands upon they went Homeward again King Edward went after as soon as he could gather his army and overran all

Their land between the Foss and the oo quite to the fen northward then being desirous of returning then he issued an order through the whole Army that they should all go out at once but the kentish men remained behind contrary to his order though he had sent seven Messengers to

Them whereupon the Army surrounded them and there they fought there fell Alderman cwolf and Sigel edwald The King’s th Abbot Canen Wolf sibite the son of cwolf edwald the son of AKA and many also with them though I have named the most considerable on the Danish side were

Slain eoric their King and prince ethelwald who had enticed them to the war berig the son of Prince brittnau governor yope governor osel and very many also with them that we now cannot name and there was on either hand much Slaughter made but of the Danes there were more slain though they remained

Masters of the field iwia died this same year and a Comet appeared on the 13th day before the calends of November a906 this year King Edward from necessity concluded a peace both with the army of East Anglia and of North humbria ad 97 this year died Alfred who was governor of baath

The same year was concluded the peace at Hitching for as King Edward decreed both with the DS of East Anglia and those of North umberland and Chester was rebuilt ad99 this year died denov who was Bishop of Winchester and the body of St Oswald was translated from bardney into Mia ad

9910 this year fastan took to the bishoprick of Winchester and Asser died soon after who was Bishop of Sherburn the same year King Edward sent an army both from Wessex and Mia which very much harassed the northern Army by their attacks on men and property of every

Kind they slew many of the Danes and remained in the country 5 weeks this year the Angles and the dames fought at tottenhall and the angles had the victory the same year Ethel feda built the Fortress at bransbury ad 910 this year the army of the angles and of the Danes fought at

Toonhole and Ethel red yielder of the merians died and King Edward took possession of London and of Oxford and of all the lands which owed obedience thereto and a great Fleet came hither from the south from the leas Britney and greatly ravaged by the Severn but they were afterwards almost all perished

A911 this year the Army in Northumberland broke the truce and despised every right that Edward and his son demanded of them and plundered the land of the merians the king had gathered together about 100 ships and was then in Kent while the ships were sailing along Sea

By the southeast to meet him the Army therefore supposed that the greatest part of his force was in the ships and that they might go without being attacked where that ever they would when the king learned on inquiry that they were gone out on plunder he sent his

Army both from Wessex and Mia and they came up with the rear of the enemy as he was on his way Homeward and there fought with him and put him to flight and slew many thousands of his men there fell King iols and King hilon RS odor and

Scurf governors ammand AOL and Bening onlf the swy and Governor thunor osor The Collector and Governor gorth ad 911 then the next year after this died Ethel red lord of the merians ad900 112 this year died ether Alderman of Mia and King Edward took to London and to

Oxford and to all the lands that there unto belonged this year also came Ethel Fida Lady of the merians on the holy Eve called the invention of the Holy Cross to Sher gate and built the Fortress there and the same year that at Bridge North ad 913 this year about martinus King Edward

Had the northern Fortress built at Herford betwix the mem and the benwick and the Leah after this in the summer betwix gang days and Midsummer went King Edward with some of his Force into Essex to Malden and encamped there the while that men built and fortified the town of

Witham and many of the people submitted to him who were before under the power of the Danes and some of his Force meanwhile built the Fortress at Herford on the south side of the Leah this year by the permission of God went e feta Lady of Mera with all the merians to

Tamworth and built the fort there in the four part of the summer and before lamus that at Stafford in the next year that at edbury in the beginning of the summer and the same year late in the Autumn that at Warwick then in the following year was built after midwinter that at

Cherbury and that at Warburton and the same year before midwinter that at runcorn ad 915 this year was Warwick built ad 9916 this year was the innocent Abbott edbert slain before Midsummer on the 16th day before the calends of July the same day was the Feast of St siricius the Martyr with his

Companions and within three Knights sent Etha an army into Wales and stormed brecknock and there took the king’s wife with some four and 30 others ad 9917 this year rode the Army after Easter out of Northampton and Lester and having broken the truce they slew many men at hookerton and

Thereabout then very soon after this as the others came home they found other troops that were riding out against Leon but the inhabitants were aware of it and having fought with them they put them into full flight and arrested all that they had taken and also of their horses

And of their weapons but good deal ad 918 this year came a great Naval Armament over hither south from the lewitan 40 and two Earls with it odor and rolled they went then West about till they entered the mouth of the Severn and plundered in North Wales

Everywhere by the Sea where it then suited them and took camac the bishop in Arkan field and led him with them to their ships whom King Edward afterwards released for 40 pounds after this went the Army all up and would proceed yet on plunder against arkan field

But the men of Herford met them and of glower and of the nest towns and fought with them and put them to flight and they slew the Earl Rd and the brother of odor the other Earl and many of the army and they drove them into a park and

Beset them there without until they gave them hostages that they would depart from the realm of king Edward and the King had contrived that a guard should be set against them on the south side of s mouth West from Wales Eastward to the mouth of the on so that they Durst

Nowhere seek that land on that side nevertheless they eluded them at Night by stealing up twice at one time to the east of watchet and at another time at porlock there was a great Slaughter each time so that few of them came away except those only who swam out to the

Ships then sat they outward on an island called the flat Holmes till they were very short of meat and many men died of hunger because they could not reach any meat then went they to dimt and then out to Ireland this was in Harvest after this in the same year

Before martinus went King Edward to Buckingham with his army and sat there four weeks during which he built the two forts on either side of the water a he departed then and Earl thurel sought him for his Lord and all the captains and almost all the first men that belonged

To Bedford and also many of those that belonged to Northampton this Etha Lady of the merians with the help of God before laminas conquered the town called derby with all that there to belonged and there were also slain four of her THS that were most dear to her within the

Gates ad 918 but very shortly after they had become so she died at Tamworth 12 days before Midsummer the eighth year of her having Rule and right lordship over the merians and her body lies at Gloucester within the East porch of a Peter’s Church ad 919 this year King Edward went with his

Army to Bedford before martinus and conquered the town and almost all the Burgesses who obeyed him before returned to him and he sat there 4 weeks and ordered the town to be repaired on the south side of the water a he departed then a919 this year also the daughter of

Ethel red lord of the merians was deprived of all Dominion over the merians and carried into Wessex 3 weeks before midwinter she was called Alina 920 this year before Midsummer went King Edward to Malden and repaired and fortified the town a he departed then and the same year went Earl thel oversea

To Franklin with the men who would adhere to him under the protection and assistance of king Edward this year Ethel feda got into her power with God’s assistance in the early part of the year without loss the town of Lester and the greater part of the army that belonged

There to submitted to her and the yorkists had also promised and confirmed some by agreement and some with Oaths that they would be in her interest but very soon after they had done this she departed 12 nights before Midsummer at Tamworth the eighth year that she was holding the government of the mercians

With right dominion and her body Leaf at glower in the East porch of a Peter’s Church this year also was the daughter of ether lord of the merians deprived of all authority over the merians and led into Wessex 3 weeks before midwinter her name was Hil F ad

921 this year before Easter King Edward ordered his men to go to the town of toaster and to rebuild it then again after that in the same year during the gang days he ordered the town of Wigmore to be repaired pred the same summer betwix lus and Midsummer the Army broke

Their parole from Northampton and from Lester and went then northward to toaster and fought against the town all day and thought that they should break into it but the people that were therein defended it till more Aid came to them and the enemy then abandoned the town

And went away then again very soon after this they went out at night for plunder and Came Upon men unaware and seized not a little both in men and cattle betwix Burnham Wood and Alsbury at the same time went the Army from Huntington and East Anglia and

Constructed that work at turns for which they inhabited and fortified and abandoned the other at Huntington and thought that they should then off with war and contention recover a good deal of this land then they Advanced till they came to Bedford where the men who were within came out against

Them and fought with them and put them to flight and slew a good number of them then again after this a great Army yet collected itself from East Anglia and from Mia and went to the town of Wigmore which they besieged without and fought against long in the day and took the

Cattle about it but the men defended the town who were within and the enemy left the town and went away after this the same summer a large Force collected itself in King Edward’s dominions from The Nest towns that could go thither and went to tempsford and they beset the town and

Fought thereon until they broke into it and slew the king and Earl tolos and Earl man his son and his brother and all them that were therein and who were resolved to defend it and they took the others and all that was therein after this a great force collected soon in

Harvest from Kent from Su from Essex and everywhere from The Nest towns and went to Colchester and beset the town and fought thereon till they took it and slew all the people and seized all that was therein except those men who escaped there from over the wall after this

Again this same Harvest a great Army collected itself from East Anglia both of the land forces and of the Pirates which they had enticed to their assistance and thought that they should wreak their Vengeance they went to mden and beset the town and fought thereon until more

Aid came to the townsmen from without to help the enemy then abandoned the town and went from it and the men went after out of the town and also those that came from without to their aid and put the Army to flight and slew many hundreds of them both of the

Pirates and of the others soon after this the same Harvest went King Edward with the West Saxon Army to passan and sat there the while that men fortified the town of toaster with a stone wall and there returned to him Earl thurer and the captains and all the army that

Belonged to Northampton northward to the Welland and sought him for their lord and protector when this division of the army went home then went another out and marched to the Town of Huntington and repaired and renewed it where it was broken down before by command of king

Edward and all the people of the country that were left submitted to King Edward and sought his peace and protection after this the same year before martinus went King Edward with the West Saxon Army to Colchester and repaired and renewed The Town where it was broken down before and

Much people turned to him both in East Anglia and in Essex that were before under the power of the Dames and all the Army in East Anglia swore Union with him that they would all that he would and would protect all that he protected either by sea or land and the army that

Belonged to Cambridge chose him separately for their lord and protector and confirmed the same with Oaths as he had advised this year King Edward repaired the town of glad mouth and the same year King citric slew Neil his brother ad 922 this year betwix gang days and

Midsummer went King Edward with his army to Stanford and ordered the town to be fortified on the south side of the river and all the people that belonged to the northern town submitted to him and sought him for their lord it was whilst he was tering there that Ethel flea his

Sister died at Tamworth 12 nights before midsummer then rode he to the burrow of Tamworth and all the population in Mad turned to him who before were subject to Etha and the kings in North Wales Howell and kedok and joth and all the people of North Wales sought him for their lord

Then went he then to Nottingham and secured that burrow and ordered it to be repaired and manned both with English and with Dames and all the population turned to him that was settled in Mia both Danish and English ad 9923 this year went King Edward with an

Army laid in the Harvest to thelwall and ordered the burrow to be repaired and inhabited and manned and he ordered another Army also from the population of Mia the while he sat there to go to Manchester in North Umbria to repair and to man it this year died Archbishop

Pland and King Reynold W York ad 924 this year before Midsummer went King Edward with an army to Nottingham and ordered the town to be repaired on the south side of the river opposite the other and the bridge over the Trent betwix the Two Towns then he went to

Bell in peakland and ordered a fort to be built as near as possible to it and Mann and the King of Scotland with all his people chose him as father and Lord as did Reynold and the son of idolf and all that dwell in North Umbria both

English and danish both northmen and and others also the king of the Strath cite wans and all his people ad 9:24 this year Edward was chosen for father and for Lord by the king of the Scots and by the Scots and King Reginal and by all the north Hans and also the

King of the Strath cly Britain and by all the Strath cly Britain ad 9:24 this year King Edward died among the merians at faren and very shortly about 16 days after this Elward his son died at Oxford and their bodies lie at Winchester and athlan was chosen King by

The merians and consecrated at Kingston and he gave his sister to offy oo son of the king of the old Saxons ad 925 this year died King Edward at faren in Mia and Elward his son died very soon after this in Oxford there b iies lie at

Winchester and athlan was chosen King in Mia and consecrated at Kingston he gave his sister to oo son of the king of the old Saxons St Dunston was now born and wolf Helm took to the Archbishop in Canterbury this your king athlan and citric King of the North umbrians came

Together at Tamworth the sixth day before the C of February and athlan gave away his sister to him ad 9:25 this year Bishop wolf Helm was consecrated and that same year King Edward died ad 926 this year appeared fiery lights in the northern part of the firmament and

Citric departed and King athlan took to the kingdom of North Umbria and governed all the kings that were in this island first how King of West Wales and Constantine King of the Scots and Owen king of Monmouth and aldred the son of idolf of bambra and with covenants and

Oaths they ratified their agreement in the place called EMT on the fourth day before the IDS of July and renounced all idolatry and afterwards returned in peace ad 927 this year King aelan expelled King gthr and Archbishop wolfel went to Rome ad 928 William took to Normandy and held it 15 years ad

931 this year died fritan Bishop of Winchester and Brinston was blessed in his place ad 932 this year Bernan was invested Bishop of Winchester on the fourth day before the calends of June and he held the bishoprick 2 years and a half ad 933 three this year died Bishop Fran and

Edwin the affing was drowned in the sea ad 934 this year went King aelan into Scotland both with a land force and a naval Armament and laid waste a great part of it and Bishop burnand died at Winchester at the Feast of All Saints ad

935 this year Bishop elf had took to the bishoprick of Winchester ad 937 this year King athlan and Edmund his brother led a force to Brumby and they fought against onlf and Christ helping had the Victory and they there slew five Kings and seven Earls ad

938 here athlan king of Earls the Lord rewarder of Heroes and his brother eek Edmund aing Elder of ancient race slew in the fight with the edge of their swords the foe at Brumby the son son of Edward their board walls clove and hewed their banners with the wrecks of their

Hammers so were they taught by Kindred Zeal that they had Camp of against any robber their land should defend their hordes and homes pursuing fell the Scottish Clans the men of the fleet in numbers fell midst the D of the field the warrior Sate since the sun was up in

Morning Tide gigantic light glad over grounds God’s candle bright Eternal Lord till the noble creature sat in the Western Main there lay many of the northern Heroes under a shower of arrows shot over Shields and scotlands boast a cian race the mighty seed of Mars with chosen troops throughout the day the

West Saxons Fierce pressed on the loathed bands hewed down the fugitives and Scattered the rear with strong M sharpened blades the merians too the hard hand play spared not to any of those that with on laugh over the Briny deep in the ship’s bosom sought this

Land for the Hardy fight five Kings lay on the field of battle in bloom of Youth pierced with swords so seven eek of the Earls of onlf and of the ship screw unnumbered crowds there was dispersed the little band of Hardy Scots The Dread of Northern hordes urged to the noisy

Deep by unrelenting fate the king of the fleet with his Slender Craft escaped with his life on the Felon flood and so to Constantine the Valiant Chief returned to to the North in Hasty flight the Hy hildring cared not to boast among his Kindred here was his remnant of

Relations and Friends slain with the sword in the crowded fight his son too he left on the field of battle mangled with wounds young at the fight the fair-haired youth had no reason to boast of the slaughtering Strife nor old Inwood and onl the more with the wrecks

Of their army could laugh and say that they on the field of stern command better workmen were in the conflict of of banners The Clash of Spears the meeting of Heroes and the rustling of weapons which they on the field of Slaughter played with the sons of Edward

The northmen sailed in their nailed ships a dreary Remnant on the Roaring sea over deep water Dublin they sought and Ireland’s Shores in great disgrace such then the brothers both together King and affing sought their country west Saxon land in right triumphant they left behind them raw to

Devour the salow kite the swarthy Raven with horny nib and the horse volter with the eagle Swift to consume his prey the greedy ghost Hawk and that gray Beast The Wolf of the wield no Slaughter yet was greater made eror in this island of people slain before this same with the

Edge of the sword as the books inform us of the old historians since hither came from the Eastern Shores the Angles and Saxons over the broad sea and Britain sought Fierce battlesmith over came the Welsh most Valiant Earls and gained the land ad 941 this year King athlan died in

Glouster on the sixth day before the calend of November about 41 Winters baiting one night from the time when King Alfred died and Edmund affing took to the kingdom he was then 18 years old King athlan reigned 14 years and 10 weeks this year the north umbrians abandoned their Allegiance and chose on

Laugh of Ireland for their King 941 this year King Edmund received King onlf at baptism and that same year a good long space after he received King Reginald at The Bishop’s hands ad 942 here Edmund king of angles Lord protector of friends author and framer of direful Deeds o Aaron with speed the

Merian land weer the course of Whitwell spring or Humber deep the broad brim stream divides Five Towns Lester and Lincoln Nottingham and Stanford and Derby eek enthralled them long to Norman Danes they bowed through need and dragged the chains of heathen men till to his glory great Edward’s Heir Edmund

The king Refuge of Warriors their feathers broke ad 943 this year onlf stormed Tamworth and much Slaughter was made on either hand but the Danes had the Victory and led away with them much plunder there was wool front taken in the spoiling of the town this year King Edmund beset King

Onlf and Archbishop wolston in Lester and he might have conquered them were it not that they burst out of the town in the night after this onlf obtained the Friendship of King Edmund and King Edmund then received King onlf in baptism and he made him Royal presents

And the same year after some interval he received King Reynold at Episcopal hands this year also died King onlf ad 944 this year King Edmund reduced all the land of the north umbrians to his dominion and expelled two kings onl the son of citric and Reynold the son of gorth AD

945 this year King Edmund overan all Cumberland and led it all to Malcolm King of the Scots on the condition that he became his ally both by sea and land ad 946 this year King Edmund died on St Augustine’s Mass day that was widely known how he ended his days that left

Stabbed him at puckle church and Ethel Fida of damam daughter of alderman elar was then his Queen and he reigned 6 years and a half and then succeeded to the kingdom edid aing his brother who soon after reduced all the land of the north umbrians to his dominion and the

Scots gave him Oaths that they would do all that he desired ad 947 this year came King edid to taten Cliffe and their Archbishop wolfston and all the Council of the north umbrians bound themselves to an allegiance with the King and within a little space they abandoned all

Both Allegiance and Oaths ad 948 this year King idid overran all Northumberland because they had taken Eric for their King and in the pursuit of plunder was that large Minster at Ron set on fire which St wilth built as the king returned Homeward he overtook the

Enemy at York but his main Army was behind at chesterford there was great Slaughter made and the King was so wroth that he would Fain return with his force and lay waste the land with all but when the Council of the north umbrians understood that they then abandoned Eric and

Compromised the deed with King edid ad 949 this year came onlf Curran to the land of the nor umbrians ad 951 this year died Alia Bishop of Winchester honeste Gregory’s Mass day ad. 952 this year the north umbrians expelled King onl and received Eric the son of Harold this year also King edred

Ordered Archbishop wolston to be brought into prison at jedra because he was oft bered before the king and the same year the king ordered a great Slaughter to be made in the town of fford in Revenge of the Abbot whom they had formerly slain ad 954 this year the north umbrians

Expelled Eric and King edri took to the government of the north umbrians this year also Archbishop wolston received a bishoprick again at Dorchester ad 955 this year died King idid on St Clem’s Mass day at FR 41 he reigned 9 years and a half and he rests in the old

Minster then succeeded edwe the son of King Edmund to the government of the West Saxons and Edgar aing his brother succeeded to the government of the merians they were the sons of King Edmund and of St elgiva a955 and edwe succeeded to the kingdom of the West Saxons and Edgar his brother

Succeeded to the kingdom of the merians and they were the sons of King Edmund and of s elgiva ad 956 this year died wolston Archbishop of York on the 17th day before the Cal of January and he was buried at ell and in the same year was Abbott Dunston driven

Out of this land land oversee ad 958 this year Archbishop Oda separated King edwi and Elfa because they were too nearly related ad 959 this year died King edwe on the calends of October and Edgar his brother took to the government of the West Saxons merians and North

Umbrians he was then 16 years old it was in this year he sent after St Dunston and gave him the bishoprick of Worcester and afterwards the bishopi of London in his days it prospered well and God him gave that he dwelt in peace the while that he lived whatever he did whatever

He planned he earned his Thrift he also reared God’s glory wide and God’s law loved with peace to man above the kings that went before in man’s remembrance God so him sped that Kings and Earls to all his claims submissive bowed and to his will without a blow he

Wielded all as pleased himself esteemed he was both far and wide and distant lands because he prized the name of God and God’s law traced God’s glory reared both far and wide on every side wisely he sought in counsel of his people’s good before his God before the world one

Misdeed he did too much however that foreign tastes he loved too much and Heathen modes into this land he brought too fast outlandish men hither enticed and to this earth attracted crowds of vicious men but God him grant that his Good Deeds be weightier far than his misdeeds to his Soul’s

Redemption on the Judgment Day ad 961 this year departed Odo the good Archbishop NST Dunston took to the Archbishop this year also died elfar a relative of the king in devenshire and his body lies at Wilton and king certh killed himself and his body lies at

Vibor this year there was a very great pestilence when the Great fever was in London and St Paul’s Minster was consumed with fire and in the same year was afterwards restored in this year aamod the mass priest went to Rome and there died on the 18th before the calend of September ad

963 this year died wolston the Deacon on Childer day 42 and afterwards died jerich the mass priest in the same year took Abbot athal to the bishoprick of Winchester and he was consecrated on the vigil of a te Andrew which happened on a Sunday on the second year after he was

Consecrated he made many minsters and drove out the clerks 43 from the bishoprick because they would hold no rule and set monks therein he made their two abses one of monks another of nuns that was all within Winchester then came he afterwards to King Edgar and requested that he would

Give him all the minsters that Heathen men had before destroyed for that he would renew them this the king cheerfully granted and the bishop came then first to elely where St aeldra elies and ordered the Minster to be repaired which he gave to a monk of his

Whose name was brn whom he consecrated Abbot and there he set monks to serve God where formerly were nuns he then bought many villages of the king and made it very rich afterwards came Bishop athal to the Minster called Med Hamstead which was formerly ruined by Heathen

Folk but he found there nothing but old walls and Wild Woods in the old walls at length he found had writings which Abbot Heda had formerly written how King wolf here and Ethel read his brother had wrought it and how they freed it against King and against bishop and against all worldly service

And how Pope agok confirmed it with his writ as also Archbishop D at it he then ordered the Minster to be rebuilt and set there an Abbot who was called alul and made monks where before was nothing he then came to the king and let him look at the writings which before were

Found and the King then answered and said I Edgar Grant and give today before God and before Archbishop Dunston freedom to St Peter’s Minster at met Hamstead from King and from Bishop and all the thorps that there to lie that is Eastfield and DOD Thorp and I and Pon

And so I free it that no Bishop have any jurisdiction there but the Abbot of the Minster alone and I give the town called andle with all that their two Leaf called IAT 100 with market and toll so freely that neither King nor Bishop nor Earl nor Sheriff have there any

Jurisdiction nor any man but the Abbot alone and whom he may set there too and I give to Christ and St Peter and that too with the advice of Bishop AAL these lands that is Barrow warmington Ashton kering Castor alsworth Walton witherington I Thorp and a Minster at

Stamford these lands and now the others that belong to the Minster I bequeath clear that is with sack and sck tol and teim and infan these privileges and all other Beque I clear to Christ and St Peter and I give the two parts of whir with Waters and with wees and

F and so through mirade along to the water that is called nen and so Eastward to King Del and I will that there be a market in the town itself and that no other be betwix Stamford and Huntington and I will that thus be given the toll first from whittles seir to the

King’s toll of Norman cross hund then backward again from Whitt seir through mirade along to the nen and as that river runs to croland and from croland to mus and from mus to kingd and to whir and I will that all the freedom and all the Privileges that my predecessors

Gave should remain and I write and confirm this with the root token of Christ plus then answered dunen the Archbishop of Canterbury and said I grant that all the things that here are given and spoken and all the things that thy predecessors and mine have given shall remain firm and whosoever breth it

Then give I him God’s curse and that of All Saints and of all hooded heads and mine unless he come to repentance and I give expressly to St Peter my mass Hackle and my stole and my reef to serve Christ I Oswald Archbishop of York confirm all these words through

The holy rude on which Christ was crucified plus I Bishop athal bless all that maintain this and I excommunicate all that break it unless they come to repentance here was Bishop ston Bishop AAL and Abbott esque and Abbott Oscar and Abbott ethar and Alderman alra Alderman aelin Brit and oslac Alderman

And many other rich men and all confirmed it and subscribed it with the Cross of Christ plus this was done in the year after our Lord’s Nativity 972 the 16th year of this King then bought the Abbot DOL lands rich and many and much endowed the Minster with all and

Was there until Oswald Archbishop of York was dead and then he was chosen to be Archbishop soon after another Abbott was chosen of the same Monastery whose name was kenol who was afterwards Bishop of Winchester he first made the wall about the Minster and gave it then the name of

Peterboro which before was met Hamstead he was there till he was appointed Bishop of Winchester when another Abbot was chosen of the same Monastery whose name was Eli who continued Abbott 50 Winters afterwards it was he who took up St Kimber NST kosua that lay at Castor and St Tiba

That lay at ryall and brought them to Peterboro and offered them all to St Peter in one day and preserved them all the while he was there ad 963 this year by King Edgar St Ethel wal was chosen to the Bishop Rick at Winchester and the Archbishop of Canterbury St dunon consecrated him

Bishop on the 1st Sunday of Advent that was on the 3 before the Cal of December ad 964 this year drove King Edgar the priests of Winchester out of the old Minster and also out of the new Minster and from chy and from Milton and replaced them with monks and he appoint

Appointed eilar Abbot to the new Minster and orber to chy and Seward to Milton ad 964 this year were the Cannons driven out of the old Minster by King Edgar and also from the new Minster and from chy and from Milton and he appointed their two monks and Abbotts to the newminster

Ethel gar to chy orberg to Milton Seward ad9 65 this year King Edgar took Alfreda for his Queen who was daughter of alderman orgar 966 this year Thor the son of gunar plundered West Morland and the same year oslac took to the aldermans ship ad 969 this year King Edgar ordered all

Thanet land to be plundered ad 970 this year died Archbishop osel who was first consecrated diois and Bishop at Dorchester and afterwards it was by the consent of King edid and all his Council that he was consecrated Archbishop of York he was Bishop 2 and

20 Winters and he died on alhas Night 10 nights before martinus at them Abbot thurel his relative carried The Bishop’s body to Bedford because he was the Abbott there at that time ad. 971 this year died Edmund aing and his body lies at Ramsey ad 972 this year Edgar the etheling was

Consecrated King at baath on pentecost’s mass day on the 5th before the IDS of May the 13th year since he had obtained the kingdom and he was then one less than 30 years of age and soon after that the king led all his ship forces to

Chester and there came to meet him six Kings and they all plighted their trough to him that they would would be his fellow workers by sea and by land ad 973 here was Edgar of Angel Lord with courtly PP hallowed to King AEK mancester the ancient city whose modern

Sons dwelling therein have named her bath much Bliss was there by all enjoyed on that happy day named Pentecost by men below a crowd of priests a throng of monks I understand in Council Sage were gathered there then were agone 1000 winters of numbered years from the birth

Of Christ the lofty King Guardian of Light save that there twoo there yet was left of wintertale as writings say 7 and 20 so near had run of the Lord of triumphs a thousand years when this was done nine and 20 hard Winters thereof irksome Deeds had Edmund’s son seen in

The world when this took place and on the 30th was hallowed King 43 soon after this the king led all his Marine Force to Chester and there came to meet him six Kings and they all covenanted with him that they would be his allies by sea and by land ad

975 here ended his Earthly dreams Edgar of Angel’s King chose him other light Serene and lovely spurning this frail Abode a life that Mortals here call lean he quitted with disdain July the month by all agreed in this our land whoever were in chronic lore correctly taught

The day the eth when Edgar Young rewarder of Heroes his life his throne resigned Edward his son unwax and child of Earls the prince succeeded then to England’s Throne of Royal Race 10 Knights before departed hence simor the good prelate of manners mild well known

To me in Mia then how low on Earth God’s glory fell on every side chased from the land his servants fled their wisdom scorned much grief to him whose bosom glowed with fervent love love of great Creations Lord neglected then the God of Wonders Victor of Victors monarch of

Heaven his laws by man transgressed then too was drive an oslac beloved an exile far from his native land over the rolling waves over the ganet bath over the water throng the Abode of the whale fair-haired hero wise and eloquent of Home bereft then too was

Seen high in the heavens the star on his station that far and wide wise men called lovers of Truth and Heen l y lore coma by name widely was spread God’s Vengeance then throughout the land and famine scoured the hills May Heaven’s Guardian the glory of angels avert these

Ills and give us Bliss again that Bliss to all abundance yields from Earth’s Choice fruits throughout this happy aisle 45 975 the eth before the IDS of July here Edgar died ruler of angles West Saxons joy and merian’s protector known was it widely throughout many nations fate offspring of Edmund o with

Again its bath honored far Kings him widely bowed to the king as was his due by kind no fleet was so daring nor army so strong that mid the English Nation took from him ought the while that the noble king ruled on his throne and this year Edward Edgar’s son succeeded to the

Kingdom and then soon in the same year during Harvest appeared coma the star and then came in the following year a very Great Famine and very manifold commotions among the English people in his days for for his youth God’s gainsayers God’s law broke ere Alderman and others many and Ru monastic

Quashed and minsters dissolved and monks drove out and God’s servants put down whom Edgar King ordered awh the holy Bishop Ethel wol establish and widows they plundered many times and of and many unrighteousness is and evil unjust Deeds arose up afterwards and ever after that it

Greatly grew in evil and at that rhyme also was oslac the great Earl banished from England ad. 976 this year was the Great Famine in England ad. 977 this year was that great council at kirtlington 46 after Easter and there died Bishop Sidman a sudden death on the

11th day before the calends of may he was Bishop of devenshire and he wished that his resting place should be at crediton his Episcopal residence but King Edward and Archbishop Dunston ordered men to carry him to St Mary’s Minster that is at Abington and they did so and he is moreover honorably

Buried on the North side in St Paul’s porch ad. 978 this year all the oldest councilors of England fell at KH from an upper floor but the holy Archbishop Dunston stood alone upon a beam some were dreadfully bruised and some did not escape with life this year was King

Edward slain at even tide at Corf gate on the 15th day before the calends of April and he was buried at Wham without any Royal honor no worse deed than this was ever done by the English Nation since they first sought the land of Britain men murdered him but God has

Magnified him he was in life an Earthly King he is now after death a Heavenly Saint him would not his birly relatives avenge but his heavenly father has Avenged him amply the Earthly homicides would wipe out his memory from the Earth but the Avenger above has spread his

Memory abroad in heaven and in Earth those who would not before bow to his living body body now bow on their knees to his dead bones now we may conclude that the wisdom of men and their meditations and their counsels are as not against the appointment of God in this same year

Succeeded Ethel red effing his brother to the government and he was afterwards very readily and with great joy to the counselors of England consecrated King at Kingston in the same year also died Al wal who was Bishop of dorer and whose body Leaf in the Minster at Sherborn ad

9979 in this year was Ethel red consecrated King on the Sunday fortn night after Easter at Kingston and there were at his consecration two archbishops and 10 diois and Bishops this same year was seen a bloody welon off times in the likeness of fire and that was most

Apparent at midnight and so in Misty beams was shown but when it began to Dawn then it glided away a979 this year was King Edward slain at even tide at Corf gate on the 15th before the Cal of April and then was he buried at Wham without any kind of kingly

Honors there has not been mid angles a worse deed done than this was since they first Britain land sought men him murdered but God him glorified he was in life an Earthly King he is now after death a Heavenly Saint him would not his Earthly Kinsman avenge

But him hath his Heavenly Father greatly Avenged the Earthly murderers would his memory on Earth blot out but the lofty Avenger hath his memory in the heavens and on Earth widespread said they who would not air while to his living body bowed down they now humbly on knees Bend to his dead

Bones now we may understand that man’s Wisdom and their devices and their counsels are like not against God’s resolves this year Ethel red succeeded to the kingdom and he was very quickly after that with much joy of the English witon consecrated King at Kingston 980 in this year was Ethel gar

Consecrated Bishop on the sixth day before the known of May to the bishopi of celi and in the same year was Southampton plundered by a pirate Army and most of the population slain or imprisoned and the same year was the aisle of thaned overrun and the county

Of Chester was plundered by the pirate arm of the North in this year Alderman alir fetched the body of the Holy King Edward at waram and carried him with great solemnity to Shaftsbury ad 981 in this year was St Petro Stow plundered and in the same year was much

Harm done Everywhere by the Sea Coast both upon devire and Wales and in the same year died elf Stan Bishop of Wiltshire and his body LEF in the Minster at Abington and wolfgar then succeeded to the bishoprick the same year died W Abbot of gent 8981 this year came first the seven

Ships and ravaged Southampton ad 982 in this year came up in Dorset three ships of the Pirates and plundered in Portland the same year London was burned in the same year also died two Alderman Ethel May in Hampshire and Edwin in Sussex ath helmer’s body Le in Winchester at

Newminster and edwins in the Minster at Abington the same year died two abses in dorer Hera at Shaftsbury and wolfa at waram the same year went oo emperor of the Romans into Greece and there met he a great Army of the sarasin who came up from the sea and would have proceeded

Forth with to plunder the Christian folk but the emperor fought with them and there was much Slaughter made on either side but the emperor gained the field of battle he was there however much harassed a he returned then and as he went Homeward his brother’s son died who

Was also called oo and he was the son of leidolf atheling this leidolf was the son of oo the Elder and of the daughter of king Edward ad 983 this year died Alderman alir and alfrick succeeded to the same eldership and Benedict also died ad 984 this year died the benevolent Bishop

Of Winchester athal father of monks and the consecration of the following Bishop Elia who by another name was called Godwin was on the 14th day before the calends of November and he took his seat on the Episcopal bench on the mass day of the two Apostles Simon and Jude at Winchester ad

985 this year was alderman alfrick driven out of the land and in the same year was Edwin consecrated Abbott of the Minster at Abington ad 986 this year the king invaded the bishoprick of Rochester and this year came first the great Marin of cattle in England ad

987 this year was the port of watchet plundered 9988 this year was Goda the F of devenshire slain and a great number with him and dunen the holy Archbishop departed this life and sought a Heavenly one Bishop eilar succeeded him in the Archbishop Rick but he lived only a

Little while after namely 1 year and 3 months 989 this year died Abbott Edwin and Abbott wolfgar succeeded to the absy sirich was this year invested Archbishop and went afterwards to Rome after his Paul ad9 991 this year was ipswitch plundered and very soon afterwards was Alderman Brit

47 slain at maidon in this same year it was resolved that tribute should be given for the first time to the Danes for the great Terror they occasioned by the Sea Coast that was first £10,000 the first who advised this measure was Archbishop sirak ad 992 this year the blessed Arch Bishop Oswald

Departed this life and sought a Heavenly one and in the same year died Alderman aelin then the king and all his Council resolved that all the ships that were of any account should be gathered together at London and the king committed the lead of the land Force to Alderman

Alrick and Earl thorad and Bishop alstan and Bishop esque that they should try if they could anywhere without entrap the enemy then sent Alderman elfick and gave warning to the enemy and on the night preceding the day of battle he skulked away from the Army to his great

Disgrace the enemy then escaped except the crew of one ship who were slain on the spot then met the enemy the ships from East Anglia and from London and there a great Slaughter was made and they took the ship in which was the alderman all armed and rigged then after

The death of Archbishop Oswald succeeded alol Abbot of Peterboro to the Seas of York and of Worcester and kenol to the absy of Peter a992 this year Oswald The Blessed Archbishop died and Abbot idolf succeeded to York and to Worcester and this year the king and all his witon

Decreed that all the ships which were worth anything should be gathered together at London in order that they might try if they could anywhere bet wrap the Army from without but alfrick the alderman one of those in whom the king had most confidence directed The

Army to be warned and in the night as they should on the tomorrow have joined joint battle the selfsame alfrick fled from the forces and then the Army escaped ad 993 this year came onlf with three and 90 ships to stains which he plundered without and went then to

Sandwich then to ipswitch which he laid waste and so to maidon where Alderman Brit came against him with his force and fought with him and there they slew the Alderman and gained the field of battle whereupon peace was made with him and the King received him afterwards at

Episcopal Hands by the advice of sirich Bishop of Canterbury and Alia of Winchester this year was bambo destroyed and much spoil was there taken afterwards came the Army to the mouth of the Humber and there did much evil both in Lindsay and in North Umbria then was

Collected a great force but when the armies were to engage then the generals first commenced a flight namely Fen and Godwin and Frist in this same year the king ordered Elgar son of alderman elfick to be punished with blindness ad 993 in this year came olavi with 93

Ships to stains and ravaged there about and then went then to sandwich and so then to ipswitch and that all over Anne and so to Malden and their brittnau the alderman came against them with his forces and fought against them and they there slew the Alderman and had

Possession of the place of carage and after that peace was made with them and him on laugh the king afterwards received at The Bishop’s hands through the instruction of sirak Bishop of the kentish men and of Elf of Winchester ad 994 this year died Archbishop sirich and

Elf Rick Bishop of Wiltshire was chosen on Easter day at Asbury by King Ethel red and all his Council this year came on laugh and Swain to London on the the Nativity of St Mary with 4 and 90 ships and they closely besieged the city and

Would Fain have set it on fire but they sustained more harm and evil than they ever supposed that any citizens could inflict on them the holy mother of God on that day in her mercy considered the citizens and rided them of their enemies then they Advanced and wrought

The greatest evil that ever any army could do in burning and plundering and manslaughter not only on the Sea Coast in Essex but in can and in Sussex and in Hampshire next they took horse and rode as wide as they would and committed unspeakable evil then resolved the king

And his Council to send to them and offer them tribute and provision on condition that they desisted from Plunder the terms they accepted and the whole Army came to Southampton and there fixed their winter quarters where they were fed by all the subjects of the West Saxon Kingdom and they gave them £6,000

In money then then sent the King after King onlf Bishop Alia and Alderman Ethel were 48 and hostages being left with the ships they LED onlf with great pump to the king at Andover and King Ethel red received him at Episcopal hands and honored him with royal presence in return onlf promised

As he also performed that he never again would come in a hostile manner to England ad 995 this year a appeared the comet Star ad 996 this year was elfick consecrated Archbishop at Christ Church 49 ad 997 this year went the Army about devire into sever mouth and equally plundered

The people of Cornwall North Wales 50 and Devon then went they up at watch it and there much evil rought in burning and manslaughter afterwards they coasted back about pen wher on the south side and turning into the mouth of the Tamer went up till they came to LY for burning

And slaying everything that they met moreover orul Minster at Tavistock they burned to the ground and brought to their ships incalculable plunder this year Archbishop elfick went to Rome after his staff ad 998 this year coasted the Army back Eastward into the mouth of the FR and

Went up everywhere as widely as they would into dors cucher often was an Army collected against them but as soon as they were about to come together then were they ever threw something or other put to flight and their enemies always in the end had the victory another time

They lay in the aisle of white and fed themselves meanwhile from Hampshire and Sussex ad999 this year came the Army about again into the temps and went up then along the Medway to Rochester where the kentish Army came against them and encountered them in a close engagement but

Alas they too soon yielded and fled because they had not the aid that they should have had the Danes therefore occupied the field of battle and taking horse they rode as wide as they would spoiling and overrunning nearly all West Kent then the king with his Council determined to proceed against them with

Sea and land forces but as soon as the ships were ready then arose Delay from day to day which harassed the miserable crew that lay on board so that always the forwarder it should have been the later it was from one time to another they still suffered the army of their enemies

To increase the Danes continually retreated from the Sea Coast and they continually pursued them in vain thus in the end these Expeditions both by sea and land served no other purpose but to Vex the people to waste their treasure and to strengthen their enemies ad 1,000 this year the king went into Cumberland

And nearly laid waste the whole of it with his army whilst his Navy sailed about Chester with the design of cooperating with his land forces but finding it impracticable they ravaged Angeli the Hostile fleet was this summer turned towards the kingdom of Richard ad 1001 this year there was great commotion

In England in consequence of an invasion by the Danes who spread Terror and Devastation wheresoever they went plundering and burning and desolating the country with such rapidity that they advanced in one March as far as the town of Alton where the people of Hampshire came against them

And fought with them there was slain eward High Steward of the king and leop of wit church and leafin high Steward of the king and wolfer a bishop stain and Godwin of worthy son of Bishop Elie and of all the men who were engaged with them

81 of the Danes there was slain a much greater number though they remained in possession of the field of battle then they proceeded Westward until they came into devenshire where py came to meet them with the ships which he was able to collect for he had shaken off his

Allegiance to King Ethel red against all the vows of Truth and Fidelity which he had given him as well as the presents which the king had bestowed on him in houses and gold and silver and they burned Tainton and also many other goodly towns that we cannot name and

Then peace was there concluded with them and they proceeded then towards exmouth so that they marched at once till they came to pinhu where Cole High Steward of the king and Edy rev of the king came against them with the army that they could collect but they were there put to

Flight and there were many slain and the Danes had possession of the field of battle and the next morning they burned the village of pinhu and of kist and also many goodly towns that we cannot name then they returned Eastward again till they came to the aisle of white the

Next morning they burned the town of walan and many other small towns soon after which the people treated with them and they made peace ad 10001 this year the Army came to exmouth and then went up to the town and they continued fighting stoutly but they were very strenuously

Resisted then went they through the land and did all as was their want destroyed and burnt then was collected a vast force of the people of Devon and of the people of Somerset and they then came together at pen and so soon as they joined battle then the people gave way

And there they made great Slaughter and then they rode over the land and their last incursion was ever worse than the one before and then they brought much booty with them to their ships and then they went into the aisle of white and there they rolled about even as they

Themselves would and nothing withstood them nor any Fleet by sea Durst meet them nor land Force either went they ever so far up then was it in every wise a heavy time because they never ceased from their evil doings ad 10002 this year the king and his Council

Agreed that tribute should be given to the fleet and peace made with them with the provision that they should desist from their Mischief then sent the king to the fleet Alderman leoy who at the king’s word and his Council made peace with them on condition that they received food and

Tribute which they accepted and a tribute was paid of £4,000 in the meantime Alderman leoy slew ephi High Steward of the king and the King banished him from the land then in the same lent came the lady elf give Emma Richard’s daughter to this land and in the same summer died Archbishop idolf

And also in the same year the king gave an order to slay all the Danes that were in England this was accordingly done on the mass day of St Bryce because it was told the king that they would B him of his life and afterwards all his counsel and then have his

Kingdom without any resistance ad 13 this year was exitor demolished through the French churl Hugh whom the lady had appointed her Steward there and the Army destroyed the town with all and took there much spoil in the same year came the Army up into Wiltshire then was collected a very

Great force from Wiltshire and from Hampshire which was soon ready on their March against the enemy and Alderman alrick should have led them on but he brought forth his old tricks and as soon as they were so near that either Army looked on the other then he pretended

Sickness and began to wretch saying he was sick and so betrayed the people that he should have led as it is said when the leader is sick the whole Army is hindered when Swain saw that they were not ready and that they all retreated then LED he his army into Wilton

And they plundered and burned the town then went he to sarum and then back to the Sea where he knew his ships were ad 104 this year came Swain with his Fleet to Norwich plundering and burning the whole town then UL kitel agreed with the council in East Anglia that it were

Better to purchase Peace With the Enemy a they did too much harm on the land for that they had come unawares and he had not had time to gather his Force then then under the truce that should have been between them stole the Army up from their ships and bent their course to

Thetford when alitel understood that then sent he in order to heue the ships in pieces but they frustrated his design then he gathered his forces as secretly as he could the enemy came to Thetford within 3 weeks after they had plundered Norwich and remaining there one night

They spoiled and burned the town but in the morning as they were proceeding to their ships came UL kitel with his army and said that they must there come to close quarters and accordingly the two armies met together and much Slaughter was made on both sides there were many of the

Veterans of the East angle slain but if the main Army had been there the enemy had never returned to their ships as they said themselves that they never met with worse hand playay in England then oel brought them a d 1,5 this year died Archbishop alrick and Bishop Alia succeeded him in the

Archbishop Rick this year was the Great Famine in England so severe that no man Heir remembered such the fleet this year went from this land to Denmark and took but a short respit before they came again ad 1006 this year Alia was consecrated Archbishop Bishop Brit Wald succeeded to the Sea of

Wiltshire wolf GE was deprived of of all his property 51 wolfia and afit were deprived of sight Alderman elel was slain and Bishop kenol 52 departed this life then over Midsummer came the Danish Fleet to sandwich and did as they were want they barrowed and burned and slew

As they went then the king ordered out all the population from Wessex and from Mia and they lay out all the Harvest underarms against the enemy but it availed nothing more than it had often done for for all this the enemy went wheresoever they would and the

Expedition did the people more harm than either any internal or external Force could do when winter approached then went the Army home and the enemy retired after marus to their quarters in the aisle of white and provided themselves everywhere there with what they wanted then about midwinter they went to their

Ready Farm throughout Hampshire into birkshire to reading and they did according to their custom they lighted their Camp beacons as they Advanced then they marched to Wallingford which they entirely destroyed and passed one night at KI they then turned along long Ash down to camley Hill and there awaited better

Cheer for it was often said that if they sought cumley they would never get to the sea but they went another way Homeward then was their army collected at kenet and they came to battle there and soon put the English Force to flight and afterwards car their spoil to the

Sea there might the people of Winchester see the rank and iniquitous foe as they passed by their gates to the Sea fetching their meat and plunder over an extent of 50 mi from sea then was the king gone over the temps into shopshire and there he fixed his Abode during

Midwinter meanwhile so great was the fear of the enemy that no man could think or devise how to drive them from the land or hold this territory against them for they had terribly marked each Shire in Wessex with fire and Devastation then the king began to consult seriously with his councel what

They all thought most advisable for defending this land a it was utterly undone then advised the king and his Council for the advantage of all the nation though they were all loath to do it that they needs must bribe the enemy with a tribute the king then sent to the

Army and ordered it to be made known to them that his desire was that there should be peace between them and that tribute and provision should be given them and they accepted the terms and they were provisioned throughout England ad 1006 this year El was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury dot ad

17 in this year was the tribute paid to the Hostile Army that was 30,000 in this year also was edric appointed Alderman over all the kingdom of the mer Ians this year went Bishop Alia to Rome after his Paul ad18 this year ba the king that men should speedily build ships over all

England that is a man possessed of 310 hides to provide on Galley or skiff and a man possessed of eight hides only to find a helmet and breastplate 53 ad19 this year were the ships ready that we before spoke about and there were so many of them as never

Were in England before in any King’s days as books tell us and they were all transported together to sandwich that they should lie there and defend this land against any outforce but we have not yet had the prosperity and the honor that the naval Armament should be useful to this land

Any more than it often before was it was at this same time or a little earlier that brri brother of alderman edric beray woth the South Saxon Knight father of Earl Godwin to the king and he went into Exile and enticed the Navy till he had with him 20 ships with which he

Plundered Everywhere by the south coast and wrought every kind of Mischief when it was told the Navy that they might easily seize him if they would look about them then took brri with him 80 ships and thought that he should acquire for himself much reputation by getting

Woth into his hands alive or dead but whilst they were proceeding thitherward there came such a wind against them as no man remembered before which beat and tossed the ships and drove them around whereupon woth soon came and burned them when this was known to the remaining

Ships where the King was how the others fared it was then as if all were lost the king went home with the Alder and the nobility and thus lightly did they forsake the ships whilst the men that were in them rode them back to London thus lightly did they suffer for the

Labor of all the people to be in vain nor was the terror lessened as all England hoped when this Naval expedition was thus ended then came soon after lamus the formidable army of the enemy called th’s Army to sandwich and soon they bent their march to Canterbury which city they would quickly

Have stormed had they not rather desired peace and all the men of East Kant made peace with the Army and gave them £3,000 for security the army soon after that went about till they came to the aisle of white and everywhere in Sussex and in Hampshire and also in birkshire they

Plundered and burned as their custom is 54 then ordered the king to summon out all the population that men might hold firm against them on every side but nevertheless they marched as they pleased on one occasion the king had begun his March before them as they proceeded to their ships and all the

People were ready to fall upon them but the plan was then frustrated through Alderman edric as it ever is still then after Martin Miss they went back again to Kent and chose their winter quarters on the temps obtaining their Provisions from Essex and from the shes that were

Next on both sides of the temps and of they fought against the city of London but glory be to God that it yet standeth firm and they ever there met with ill fair then after midwinter took they an Excursion up through chter 55 and so to Oxford which city they burned and

Plundered on both sides of the temps to their ships being forewarned that there was an Army gathered against them at London they went over at stains and thus were they in motion all the winter and in Spring appeared again in Kent and repaired their ships ad

1,0 this year came the afores said Army after Easter into East Anglia and went up at ipswitch marching continually till they came where they understood uliel was with his army this was on the day called the first of the Ascension of Our Lord the East angles soon fled cambrid

Shire stood firm against them there was slain athlan the king’s relative and oi and his son and wolck son of leafin and edwi brother of Effie and many other good thingss and a multitude of the people thy Tel Mead first began the flight and the Danes remain masters of

The field of Slaughter there were they horsed and afterwards took possession of East Anglia where they plundered and burned 3 months and then proceeded further into the wild F slaying both men and cattle and burning throughout the F Thetford also they burned and Cambridge and afterwards went back Southward into

The temps and the horsemen rode towards the ships then went they Westward into Oxfordshire and then to buckinghamshire and so along the till they came to Bedford and so forth to tempsford always burning as they went then returned they to their ships with their spoil which they apportioned to the ships when the

Kingk Army should have gone out to meet them as they went up then went they home and when they were in the east then was the Army detained in the west and when they were in the south then was the Army in the north then all the privy Council

Were summoned before the king to consult how they might defend this country but whatever was advised it stood not a month and at length there was not a chief that would collect an army but each fled as he could no Shire moreover would stand by another before the feast

Day of a Andrew came the enemy to Northampton and soon burned the town and took as much spoil thereabout as they would and then returned over the temps into Wessex and so by canning’s Marsh burning all the way when they had gone as far as they would then came they by

Midwinter to their ships ad11 this year sent the king and his Council to the Army and desired peace promising them both tribute and Provisions on condition that they ceased from Plunder they had now overrun East Anglia and Essex and middlex and Oxfordshire and Cambridge Shire and Hertfordshire and buckinghamshire and

Bedfordshire and half of Huntington Shire and much of northamptonshire and to the south of the M all Kent and Sussex and Hastings and Su and birkshire and Hampshire and much of Wiltshire all these disasters befell us through bad councils that they would not offer tribute in time or fight with them

But when they had done most Mischief then entered they into peace and Amity with them and not theless for all this peace and Amity and tribute they went everywhere in troops plundering and spoiling and slaying our miserable people in this year between the Nativity of St Mary and mikelus they beset Canterbury

And entered therein through treachery for Almar delivered the city to them whose life Archbishop Alia formerly saved and There They seized Archbishop Alia and elf wward the king stward and abbis leoa 56 and Bishop Godwin and Abbott elfar they suffered to go away and they took therein all the men and

Husbands and wives and it was imposs posible for any man to say how many they were and in the city they continued afterwards as long as they would and when they had surveyed all the city they then returned to their ships and led the Archbishop with them then was a captive

He who before was of England head and Christendom there might be seen great wretchedness where of before great Bliss was seen in The Faded City when first to us came Christendom and Bliss for God and for the world and the Archbishop they kept with them until the time when they marted him

Ad12 this year came Alderman edric and all the oldest counselors of England Clerk and Le to London before Easter which was then on the Ides of April and there they Abode over Easter until all the tribute was paid which was £48,000 then on the Saturday was the Army much

Stirred against the bishop because he would not promise them any fee and forbade that any man should give anything for him they were also much drunken for there was wine brought them from the south then took they the bishop and led him to their hustings on the eve

Of the Sunday after Easter which was the 13th before the calends of May and there they then shamefully killed him they overwhelmed him with bones and horns of oxen and one of them smote him with an axe iron on the head so that he sunk downwards with the blow and His Holy

Blood fell on the earth whilst his sacred Soul was sent to the realm of God the corpse in the morning was carried to London and the Bishops edno and elf hun and the citizens received him with all honor and buried him in St Paul’s Minster where God now showeth this holy martyr’s

Miracles when the tribute was paid and the peace OES were sworn then dispersed the army as widely as it was before collected then submitted to the King five and 40 of the ships of the enemy and promised him that they would defend this land and he should feed and clothe them ad

13 the year after that Archbishop Alia was martyred the king appointed lifing to the archiepiscopal Sea of Canterbury and in the same year before the month August came King Swain with his Fleet to sandwich and very soon went about East Ang Anglia into the Hummer mouth and so upward along the Trent

Until he came to Gainesboro then soon submitted to him Earl uard and all the North umbrians and all the people of Lindsay and afterwards the people of the five burrows and soon after all the Army to the north of waddling Street and hostages were given him from each Shire when he understood

That all the people were subject to him then ordered he that his army should have provision horses and he then went Southward with his main Army committing his ships and the hostages to his son n and after he came over waddling Street they wrought the greatest Mischief that

Any army could do then he went to Oxford and the population soon submitted and gave hostages then to Winchester where they did the same then went they Eastward to London and many of the party sunk in the temps because they kept not to any bridge when he came to the city

The population would not submit but held their ground in full f fight against him because therein was King Ethel red and thill with him then went King Swain then to Wallingford and so over TS Westward to baath where he Abode with his army thither came Alderman ethar and all the

Western FS with him and all submitted to Swain and gave hostages when he had thus settled all then went he northward to his ships and all the population fully received him and considered him full King the population of London also after this submitted to him and gave hostages

Because they dreaded that he would undo them then bade Swain full tribute and forage for his army during the winter and thco bade the same for the army that lay at Grenich besides this they plundered as of as they would and when this nation could neither resist in the

South nor in the North King Ethel red Abode some while with the fleet that lay in the temps and the lady 57 went afterwards oversea to her brother Richard accompanied by elfy Abbot of Peterboro the king sent Bishop Elfen with the ethinks Edward and Alfred over

SE that he might instruct them then went the king from the fleet about midwinter to the aisle of white and there Abode for the season after which he went oversea to Richard with whom he Abode till the time when Swain died whilst the lady was with her brother Beyond sea Eli

Abbot of Peterboro who was there with her went to The Abbey called bonal where St Florentine body lay and they found a miserable place a miserable Abbot and miserable monks because they had been plundered there he bought of the Abbot and of the monks the body of St

Florentine all but the head for 500 which on his return home he offered to Christ and St Peter ad14 this year King Swain ended his days at candus the third day before the known of February and the same year elfi Bishop of York was consecrated in London on the Festival of St

Juliana the fleet all chose n for King whereupon advised all the counselors of England clergy and Ley that they should send after King Ethel read saying that no Sovereign was dearer to them than their natural Lord if he would govern them better than he did before then sent the king hither his son

Edward with his Messengers who had orders to greet all his people saying that he would be their faithful Lord would better each of those things that they disliked and that each of the things should be forgiven which had been either done or said against him provided they all unanimously without

Treachery turned to him then was full friendship established in word and in deed and in compact on either side and every Danish King they proclaimed an outlaw forever from England then came King Ethel red home in Lent to his own people and he was gladly received by

Them all meanwhile after the death of Swain sat n with his army in gainsboro until Easter and it was agreed between him and the people of Lindsay that they should Supply him with horses and afterwards go out all together and plunder but King Ethel red with his full

Force came to Lindsay before they were ready and they plundered and burned and slew all the men that they could reach n the son of Swain went out out with his Fleet so were the wretched people deluded by him and proceeded Southward until he came to sandwich there he landed the hostages

That were given to his father and cut off their hands and ears and their noses besides all these evils the king ordered a tribute to the army that lay at Greenwich of £ 21,000 this year on the eve of a Michael’s day came the great sea flood

Which spread wide over this land and ran so far up up as it never did before overwhelming many towns and an innumerable multitude of people ad15 this year was the great council at Oxford where Alderman edric betrayed sigor and morar the eldest STS belonging to the seven towns he allured them into

His Bower where they were shamefully slain then the king took all their possessions and ordered the Widow of sigor to be secured and brought Within msberry after a little interval Edmund etheling went and seized her against the kingk will and had her to wife then before the Nativity of St Mary went the

Etheling west north into the five towns 58 and soon plundered all the property of sigor and more car and all the people submitted to him at the same time came King n to sandwich and went soon all about Kent into Wessex until he came to the mouth of the FR and then plundered

In Dorset and in Wilshire and in Somerset King Ethel red meanwhile lay sick at Coram and Alderman edric collected an army there and Edmund the effing in the north when they came together the alderman designed to betray Edmund the effing but he could not whereupon they separated without an

Engagement and sheared off from their enemies Alderman edric then seduced 40 ships from the King and submitted to n the West Saxons also submitted and gave hostage and HED the Army and he continued there until midwinter ad16 this year came King n with a marine force of 160 ships and Alderman edric

With him over the temps into Mia at cricklade whence they proceeded to warshire during the middle of the winter and plundered therein and burned and slew all they met then began Edmund the effing to gather an army which when it was collected could avail him nothing

Unless the king were there and they had the assistance of the citizens of London the Expedition therefore was frustrated and each man betook himself home after this an army was again ordered Under full penalties that every person however distant should go forth and they sent to

The king in London and besought him to come to meet the army with the aid that he could collect when they were all assembled it succeeded nothing better than it often did before and when it was told the king that those persons would betray him who ought to assist him then

Foru ke the Army and returned again to London then rode Edmund the etheling to Earl uard in North Umbria and every man supposed that they would collect an army King n but they went into Stafford hire and to shrewbury and to Chester and they plundered on their parts and Ned on his

He went out through buckinghamshire to bedfordshire then to Huntington Shire and so into northamptonshire along the fence to Stamford then into Lincolnshire then to Nottinghamshire and so into North Umbria toward York when yud understood this he ceased from plundering and hastened northward and submitted for need and all the north

Umans with him but though he gave hostages he was nevertheless slain by the advice of Alderman edric and thel the son of naphon with him after this King mute appointed Eric Earl over North Umbria as uard was and then went Southward another way all by West till

The whole Army came before Easter to the ships meantime Edmund etheling went to London to his father and after Easter went King new with all his ships toward London but it happened that King Eed died a the ships came he ended his days on St George’s day having held his

Kingdom in much tribulation and difficulty as long as his life continued after his decease all the peers that were in London and the citizens chose Edmund King who bravely defended his kingdom while his time was then came the ships to Greenwich about the gang days and within a short

Interval went to London where they sunk a deep ditch on the south side and dragged their ships to the west side of the bridge afterwards they trenched the city without so that no man could go in or out and often fought against it but the citizens bravely withstood them King

Edmund had air this gone out and invaded the West Saxons who all submitted to him and soon afterward he fought with the Enemy at pen near Gillingham a second battle he fought after Midsummer at sherston where much Slaughter was made on either side and the leaders themselves came together in the fight

Alderman edric and Elmer the darling were assisting the Army against King Edmund then collected he his Force the third time and went to London all by north of the temps and so out through clay hanger and relieved the citizens driving the enemy to their ships it was

Within two nights after that the king went over at brenford where he fought with the Enemy and put them to flight but there many of the English were drowned from their own carelessness who went before the main army with a design to plunder after this the king went into

Wessex and collected his army but the enemy soon returned to London and beset the city without and fought strongly against it both by water and land but the almighty God delivered them the enemy went afterward from London with their ships into the Orwell where they went up and proceeded into Mia slaying

And burning whatsoever they overtook as their custom is and having provided themselves with meat they drove their ships and their herds into the Medway then assembled King Edmund the fourth time all the English nation and forted over the Temps at brenford when he proceeded into Kent the enemy fled

Before him with their horses into the aisle of sheipi and the King slew as many of them as he could overtake Alderman edrick then went to meet the king at alsford than which no measure could be more ill advised the enemy meanwhile returned into Essex and advanced into Mia destroying all that he

Overtook when the king understood that the Army was up then collected he the fifth time all the English nation and went behind them and overtook them in Essex on the down called the singan where they fiercely came together then did Alderman edric as he often did before he first began the flight with

The ma of Ethans and so betrayed his natural Lord and all the people of England there had n the victory though all England fought against him there was then slain bishop edth and Abbott waly and Alderman elfick and Alderman Godwin of Lindsay and alitel of East Anglia and

Ethel Ward the son of alderman Ethel 59 and all the nobility of the English nation was there undone after this fight went King mute up with his army into gloucestershire where he heard say that King Edmund was then advised Alderman edric and the counselors that were there assembled

That the Kings should make peace with each other and produce hostages then both the Kings met together at Oni south of deer hust and became allies and sworn Brothers there they confirmed their friendship both with pledges and with Oaths and settled the pay of the army with this Covenant

They parted King Edmund took to Wessex and new to Mia and the Northern District the Army then went to their ships with the things they had taken and the people of London made peace with them and purchased their security whereupon they brought their ships to London and provided themselves winter quarters

Therein on the Feast of St Andrew died King Edmund and he is buried with his grandfather Edgar at gastonbury in the same year died wolf Abbot of Abington and ethy took to The Abbey ad17 this year King new took to the whole government of England and divided

It into four parts Wessex for himself East Anglia for thorkill Mia for edric North Umbria for Eric this year also was Alderman edric slain at London and Norman son of Alderman leafin and Ethel wward son of ethar the great and Brit rck son of eles of devire King new also

Banished edwe etheling whom he afterwards ordered to be slain and edwe King of the churs and before the calend of August the king gave an order to fetch him the Widow of the other king Ethel red the daughter of Richard to wife ad17 this year can was chosen King

Ad18 this year was the payment of the tribute over all England that was altogether 270,000 000 besides that which the citizens of London paid and that was £10,500 the Army then went partly to Denmark and 40 ships were left with King new the Danes and angal were United at Oxford

Under Edgar’s law and this year died Abbot Effy at Abington to whom eth wine succeeded ad19 this year went King new with nine ships to Denmark where he Abode all the winter and Archbishop elstan died this year who was also named lifing he was a very upright man both before God and

Before the world ad19 and this winter died Archbishop elstan of Canterbury he was named living and he was a very Provident man both as to God and as to the world ad 1,020 this year came King new back to England and there was at Easter a great council at siren esta where Alderman

Ethel Ward was outlawed and edwe King of the churs this year went the king to a singon with Earl thill and Archbishop wolon and other Bishops and also Abbotts and many monks with them and he ordered to be built there a minster of stone and

Lime for The Souls of the men who were there slain and gave it to his own priest whose name was stigan and they consecrated the Minster at a singen and ethno the monk who had been Dean at Christ’s Church was the same year on The Ides of November consecrated Bishop of

Christ’s Church by Archbishop wolston ad 10:20 and caused to be built there canterberry a minster of stone and lime for The Souls of the men who they were slain and gave it to one of his priests whose name was stigen ad 1,021 this year King n at martus

Outlawed Earl thill and Bishop elfar the Abundant Giver of arms died in the morning of Christmas Day ad 1022 this year went King nud out with his ships to the Isle of white and Bishop ethno went to Rome where he was received with much Honor by Benedict the

Magnificent Pope who with his own hand placed the Paul upon him and with great PP consecrated him Archbishop and blessed him on the G of October the Archbishop on the selfsame day with the same Paul performed mass as the pope directed him after which he was magnificently entertained by the pope

Himself and afterwards with a full blessing proceeded homewards Abbott Le of wine who had been unjustly expelled from elely Was His companion and he cleared himself of everything which as the pope informed him had been laid to his charge on the testimony of the Archbishop and of all

The company that were with him ad. 10:22 and afterwards with the Paul he there at Rome performed mass as the pope instructed Ed him and he feasted after that with the Pope and afterwards went home with a full blessing ad 1,023 this year returned King n to England and thurl and he were

Reconciled he committed Denmark and his son to the care of THL whilst he took thel’s son with him to England this year died Archbishop wolston and alrick succeeded him and Archbishop elelo blessed him in Canterbury this year King Newton London NST Paul’s Minster gave full leave 60 to

Archbishop eelo Bishop Brit wine and all God’s servants that were with them that they might take up from the grave the Archbishop St alich and they did so on the sixth day before the IDS of June and the illustrious king and the Archbishop and the diois and Bishops and the ears and

Very many others both clergy and Le carried by ship his holy corpse over with the temps to suic and there they committed the holy martyr to the Archbishop and his companions and they with worthy Pomp and spritely joy carried him to Rochester there on the third day came

The lady Emma with her royal son hardiker and they all with much majesty and Bliss and songs of praise carried the holy Archbishop into Canterbury and so brought him gloriously into the church on the third day before the Ides of June afterwards on the eighth day the 17th before the calends of July

Archbishop Etho and Bishop Eli and Bishop Brit wine and all they that were with them lodged the holy corpse of St Al on the north side of the altar of Christ to the praise of God and to the glory of the Holy Archbishop and to the Everlasting salvation of all those who

There his holy body daily seek with Earnest heart and all humility may God Almighty have mercy on all Christian men through the holy intercession of Ali ad 10:23 and he caused St Al’s remains to be born from London to Canterbury ad 1,025 this year went King new to Denmark

With a fleet to the home by the holy River where against him came wolf and EF with a very large Force both by land and sea from Sweden there were very many men lost on the side of King n both of Danish and English and the swedes had

Possession of the field of battle ad 1,026 this year went Bishop alrick to Rome and received the Paul of poke John on the second day before the Ides of November ad 1,028 this year went King n from England to Norway with 50 ships manned with English thingss and drove King olavi

From the land which he entirely secured to himself ad 1,29 this year King n returned home to England ad1 ,30 this year returned King olavi into Norway but the people gathered together against him and fought against him and he was there slain in Norway by his own people and was afterwards

Canonized before this in the same year died hon the dowy Earl at Sea ad. 10:30 this year came King olavi again into Norway and the people gathered against him and fought against him and he was there slain ad 131 this year returned King new and as

Soon as he came to England he gave to Christ’s Church in canterberry the Haven of sandwich and all the rights that arise there from on either side of the Haven so that when the tide is highest and fullest and there be a ship floating as near the land as possible and there

Be a man standing upon the ship with a taper axe in his hand with soever the large taper axe might be thrown out of the ship throughout all that land the Ministers of Christ’s church should enjoy their rights this year went King n to Rome and the same year as soon as he

Returned home he went to Scotland and Malcolm King of the Scots submitted to him and became his man with two other kings McBeth and gemer but he held his Allegiance a little while only Robert Earl of Normandy went this year to Jerusalem where he died and William who

Was afterwards King of England succeeded to the earldom though he was a child ad 132 this year appeared that wild fire such as no man ever remembered before which did great damage in many places the same year died elfi Bishop of Winchester and elf win the king’s priest succeeded him ad

133 this year died Bishop Mir white in Somerset here who is buried at glastenbury and Bishop leoy whose body Reed death at Worcester and to whose C Bri was promoted ad 134 this year died Bishop etheric who lies at Ramsey ad 135 this year died King new at

Shaftsbury on the second day before the IDS of November and he is buried at Winchester in the old Minster he was King over all England very near 20 Winters soon after his decease there was a council of all the Nobles at Oxford wherein Le offc and almost all the THS

North of the temps and the naval man in London chose Harold to be governor of all England for himself and his brother hardcut who was in Denmark Earl Godwin and all the eldest men in Wessex withstood it as long as they could but they could do nothing against it it was

Then resolved that Elfa the mother of hardn should remain at Winchester with the household of the king her son they held all wesex in hand and Earl Godwin was their Chief man some men said of Herold that he was the son of King n and of Elf the daughter of

Alder and elel but it was thought very incredible by many men he was nevertheless full King over all England Harold himself said that he was the son of N and of Elf give the Hampshire lady though it was not true but he sent and ordered to be taken from her all the

Best treasure that she could not hold which king n possessed and she nevertheless Abode there continually within the city as long long as she could ad 136 this year came hither Alfred the innocent etheling son of King eel red and wished to visit his mother who Abode

At Winchester but Earl Godwin and other men who had much power in this land did not suffer it because such conduct was very agreeable to Herold though it was unjust him did Godwin let and in prison set his friends who did not fly they slew promiscuously and those they did

Not sell like slaughtered cattle fell whilst some they spared to bind only to wander blind some hamstrung helpless stood whilst others they pursued a deed more dreary none in this our land was done since Englishmen gave place to hordes of Danish race but Repose we must

In God our trust that BL as day with Christ live they who Guiltless died their country’s Pride the prince with courage met each cruel evil yet till was decreed they should HIM lead all bound as he was then to elberry fun but soon their Royal prize bereft they of his

Eyes then to the monks they brought their captive where he sought a refuge from his foes till life’s sad evening close his body ordered then these good and holy men according to his worth low in the sacred Earth to the steeple full nigh in the South ale to lie of the

Transcept West his soul with Christ death rest ad. 1036 this year died King canut at Shaftsbury and he is buried at Winchester in the old Minster and he was King over all England very n 20 years and soon after his deceased there was a meeting of all the witon at Oxford and

Leaf the Earl and almost all the fs north of the temps and the lithman at London chose Herold for chief of all England him and his brother Hardin who was in Denmark and Godwin the Earl and all the chief men of Wessex withstood it as long as

They could but they were unable to affect anything in opposition to it and then it was decreed that elf G hardin’s mother should dwell at Winchester with the Kings her sons household and hold all Wessex in his power and Godwin the Earl was their man some men said of

Herold that he was son of King canut and of Elf G daughter of Elf Elm the alderman but it seemed quite incredible to many men and he was never nevertheless full King over all England ad 137 this year men chose Herold King over all and for Suk hardn because he was too

Long in Denmark and then drove out his mother elgiva the relict of King n without any pity against the Raging winter she who was the mother of Edward as well as of King hardn sought then the Peace of Baldwin by the south sea then came she to Bruges Beyond sea and Earl

Baldwin well received her there and he gave her a habitation at brues and protected her and entertained her there as long as she had need air this in the same year died ephi the excellent dean of IAM ad. 10:37 this year was driven out elf give King can’s relict she was King hard

Aut’s mother and she then sought the protection of Baldwin south of the sea and he gave her a dwelling in Bruges and protected and kept her the while that she there was ad 138 this year died Etho the good Archbishop on the calends of November and within a little of this time Bishop

Eck in Sussex who prayed to God that he would not let him live any time after his dear father eof and within seven nights of this he also departed then before Christmas died Bishop brida in werer and soon after this bishop elfick in East Anglia then succeeded Bish Bishop Edy to

The Archbishop Rick Grim kle to the Sea of Sussex and Bishop lifing to that of Worcestershire and gloucestershire AD 1038 this year died eof the good Archbishop on the C of November and a little after Ethel rck Bishop in Sussex and then before Christmas brius Bishop

In werer and soon after elrick Bishop in East Anglia ad 10:39 this year happened the terrible wind and Bishop bitmar died at Lichfield the Welsh slew Edwin brother of Earl leaf and thill and elfet and many good men with them this year also came hardnet to Bruges where his mother was ad.

1039 this year King Herold died at Oxford on the 16th before the Cal of April and he was buried at Westminster and he ruled England for years and 16 weeks and in his days 16 ships were retained in pay at the rate of eight marks for each rower in like manner as

Had been before done in the days of King canut and in this same year came King hard Canute to sandwich 7 days before Midsummer and he was soon acknowledged as well by English as by Dames though his advisers afterwards grievously requited it when they decreed that 72

Ships should be retained in in pay at the rate of eight marks for each rower and in this same year the sest of wheat went up to 55 p and even further ad 1,040 this year died King Herold at Oxford on the 16th before the calends of April and he was buried at

Westminster he governed England four years and 16 weeks and in his days tribute was paid to 16 ships at the rate of eight marks for each steersman as was done before in King new’s days the same year they sent after hardnet to Bruges supposing they did well and he

Came hither to sandwich with 60 ships seven nights before Midsummer he was soon received both by the Angles and Danes though his advisers afterwards severely paid for it they ordered a tribute for 62 ships at the rate of eight marks for each steersman then were alienated from him

All that before desired him for he framed nothing Royal during his whole reign he ordered the dead Herald to be dragged up and thrown into a ditch this year Rose the sester of wheat to 55 p and even further this year Archbishop EDI went to Rome ad.

1040 this year was the tribute paid that £21,000 99 and after that they paid to 32 ships £ 11,48 and in this same year came Edward son of King Ethel red hither to land from Wheeland he was brother of King hardcute they were both sons of Elf GI

Emma who was daughter of Earl Richard ad 1,041 this year was the tribute paid to the army that was 21,99 and afterwards to 32 ships 11,048 lb this year also ordered hardnet to lay waste all werer on account of the two servants of his household who exacted

The heavy tribute that people slew them in the town within the Minster early in this same year came Edward the son of King Ethel red hither to land from Wheeland to madrin he was the brother of King hardcut and had been driven from this land for many years but he was

Nevertheless sworn as king and Abode in his brother’s court while he lived they were both sons of Elf give Emma who was the daughter o OE Earl Richard in this year also Al hardnet betrayed idolf under the mask of friendship he was also Allied to him by marriage this year was AEL consecrated

Bishop of York on the third day before the Ides of January ad. 1041 this year died King hard Canute at lambath on the 6th before the IDS of June and he was King over all England two years wanting 10 days and he is buried in the old Minster at Winchester

With King canut his father and his mother for his soul gave to the new Minster the head of St Valentine the Martyr and before he was buried all people chose Edward for King at London may he hold it the while that God shall Grant it to him and all that year was a

Very heavy time in many things and diverse as well in respect to Ill Seasons as to the fruits of the earth and so much cattle perished in the year as no man before remembered as well through various diseases as through tempests and in this same time died elus Abbot of

Peterboro and then arus the monk was chosen Abbot because he was a very good man and of great Simplicity ad42 this year died King hardnet at Lambeth as he stood drinking he fell suddenly to the Earth with a tremendous struggle but those who were nigh at hand

Took him up and he spoke not a word afterwards but expired on the sixth day before the Ides of June he was King over all England 2 years wanting 10 kns and he is buried in the old Minster at Winchester with King n his father and

His mother for his soul gave to the new Minster at the head of St Valentine the Martyr and a he was buried all people chose Edward for King in London and they received him as their King as was natural and he reigned as long as God

Granted him all that year was the season very severe in many and various respects both from the inclemency of of the weather and the loss of the fruits of the earth more cattle died this year than any man ever remembered either from various diseases or from the severity of

The weather at this same time died elf sinus Abbot of Peterboro and they chose arwe a monk for their Abbot because he was a very good and benevolent man ad 1,043 this year was Edward consecrated King at Winchester early on Easter day with much PP then was Easter on the third day before

The Gans of April Archbishop EDI consecrated him and before all people well admonished him and stigan the priest was consecrated Bishop over the East angles and this year 14 nights before the mass of a Andrew it was advised the king that he and Earl leaf and Earl Godwin and Earl Seward with their

Retinue should ride from Gloucester to Winchester unawares upon the lady and they deprived her of all the treasures that she had which were immense because she was formerly very hard upon the king her son and did less for him than he wished before he was King and also since

But they suffered her to remain there afterwards and soon after this the king determined to invest all the land that his mother had in her hands and took from her all that she had in gold and in silver and in numberless things because she formerly held it too fast against

Him soon after this stigan was deprived of his Bishop bck and they took all that he had into their hands for the king because he was Nest the counsel of his mother and she acted as he advised as Men supposed ad 1043 this year was Edward consecrated

King at Winchester on the first day of Easter and this year 14 days before andrewk Mass the King was advised to ride from Gloucester and leop the Earl and Godwin the Earl and sigworth Seward the Earl with their followers to win CH unawares upon the lady Emma and they

Bereaved her of all the treasures which she possessed they were not to be told because before that she had been very hard with the King her son in as much as she had done less for him than he would before he was King and also since and

They suffered her after that to remain therein this year King Edward took the daughter EA of Godwin the Earl for his wife and in this same year died bishop bwin and he held the bishop 30 38 years that was the bishopi of Sherburn and Herman the king’s priest succeeded to the

Bishoprick and in this year wolfi was hallowed Abbot of his te Augustine at Christmas on Steven’s Mass Day by leave of the king and on account of his great infirmity of abbid elstun ad 1,044 this year Archbishop Edy resigned his Sea from infirmity and consecrated Seward Abbot of Abington Bishop theto

With the permission and Vice of the king and Earl Godwin it was known to few men else before it was done because the Archbishop feared that some other man would either beg or buy it whom he might worse trust and oblige than him if it were known to many men this year there

Was very great hunger over all England and corn so dear as no man remembered before so that the sest of wheat Rose to 60 p and even further and this same year the king went out to sandwich with 35 ships and athlan the church Warden succeeded to The Abbey of Abington and stigant

Returned to his bishoprick in the same year also King Edward took to wife EA the daughter of Earl Godwin 10 nights before Candelas and in the same year died Brit wal Bishop of Wiltshire on the 10th day before the cend of May which bishoprick he held 38 Winters that was the

Bishoprick of Sherborn and Herman the king’s priest succeeded to the bishoprick this year wolfi was consecrated Abbot of St Augustine’s at Christmas on the mass day of St Steven by the king’s leave and that of Abbott elfan by reason of his great infirmity ad. 1044 this year died living Bishop in

Devenshire and letic succeeded there too he was the king’s priest and in this same year died elstan Abbot of St Augustines on the 3D before the know of July and in this this same year was outlawed osad clappa ad 1,045 this year died elf Ward Bishop of

London on the eighth day before the calend of August he was formerly Abbot of IAM and well furthered that Monastery the while that he was there he went then to Ramsay and there resigned his life and Manny was chosen Abbot being consecrated on the fourth day before the

IDS of August this year Gilda a woman of rank a relative of King n was driven out and resided afterwards at Bruges a long while and then went to Denmark King Edward during the year collected a large Fleet at Sandwich through the threatening of Magnus of Norway but his

Contests with Swain in Denmark prevented him from coming hither ad. 1045 this year died Grim kle Bishop in Sussex and hea the King’s priest succeeded there too and in this year died alwin Bishop of Winchester on the fourth before the Cal of September and stigen Bishop to the north Flanders

Succeeded their two and in the same year Swain the Earl went out to Baldwin’s land of elmham to Bruges and Abode there all the winter and then in summer he went out ad 1,046 this year died lifting the eloquent Bishop on the 10th day before the calends of April he had three Bishop

Ricks one in De one in Cornwall and another in werer then succeeded leofric who was the king’s priest to devire and to Cornwall and Bishop aldri to werer this year died elf wine Bishop of Winchester on the fourth day before the calends of September and stigand Bishop

Of norfol was raised to his Sea Air this in the same year died grimel Bishop of Sussex and he lies at Christ Church in Canterbury and hea the King’s priest succeeded to the bishoprick Swain also sent hither and requested the aid of 50 ships against Magnus King of the

Norwegians but it was thought unwise by all the people and it was prevented because that Magnus had a large Navy and he drove Swain out and with much Slaughter won the land the Danes then gave him much money and received him as King the same year Magnus died the same

Year also Earl Swain went out to Baldwin’s land to Bruges and remained there all the winter in the summer he departed ad 1,046 this year went Earl Swain into Wales and Griffin King of the northern men with him and hostages were delivered to him as he returned Homeward he

Ordered the abis of lemonster to be fetched him and he had her as long as he listed after which he let her go home in this same year was outlawed oscard klopp the master of horse before midwinter and in the same year after candlemas came the strong winter with

Frost and with snow and with all kinds of bad weather so that there was no man then alive who could remember so severe a winter as this was both through loss of men and through loss of cattle yeah fowls and Fishes through much cold and hunger perished ad

1046 this year died bwin Bishop in Wiltshire and Herman was a pointed to his sea in that year King Edward gathered a large ship Force at Sandwich on account of the threatening of Magnus in Norway but his and Swain’s contention in Denmark hindered his coming here this

Year died athlan Abbot of Abington and sparck monk of St edmundsbury succeeded him and in this same year died Bishop Seward and Archbishop IGN again obtained the whole bishoprick and in this same year lot hen and earling came with 25 ships to sandwich and there took unspeakable

Booty in men and in gold and in silver so that no man knew how much it all was and they then went about thanet and would there do the like but the lands folk strenuously withstood them and denied them as well Landing as water and then utterly put them to flight and they

Betook themselves then into Essex and there they ravaged and took men and property and whatsoever they might find and they betook themselves then East to Baldwin’s land and there they sold what they had plundered and after that went their way East whence they before had come in this year was the great Senate

At St Remy’s Rines there at was Leo the pope and the Archbishop of burgundy Lions and the Archbishop of banin and the Archbishop of tves and the Archbishop of reams and many men besides both clergy in Ley and King Edward sent there Bishop dudok of wells and wolfi Abbott of St Augustines

And Abbott elf win of Ramsey that they might make known to the king what should be their resolved on for Christendom and in this same year King Edward went out to sandwich with a great Fleet and Swain the Earl son of Godwin the Earl came into bosam with seven

Ships and he obtained the kingk protection and he was promised that he should be held worthy of everything which he before possessed then Harold the Earl his brother and beorn the Earl contended that he should not be held worthy of any of the things which the king had granted

To them but a protection of 4 days was appointed him to go to his ships then befell it during this that word came to the king that hostile ships lay Westward and were ravaging then went Godwin the Earl West about with two of the king’s ships the

One commanded Harold the Earl and the other toasty his brother and 42 of the people’s ships then Harold the Earl was removed from the kingk ship which heral the Earl before had commanded then went they West to penzi and lay their weather bound upon this after 2 days then came

Swain the Earl thither and spoke with his father and with beorn the Earl and begged of beorn that he would go with him to the king at sandwich and help him to the kingk friendship and he granted it then went they as if they would go to

The king then whilst they were riding then begged Swain of him that he would go with him to his ships saying that his Seaman would depart from him and Le he should at the soonest come thither then went they both where his ships lay when they came thither then begged Swain the

Earl of him that he would go with him on shipboard he strenuously refused so long as until his Seaman seized him and threw him into the boat and bound him and rode to the ship and put him there aboard then they hoisted up their sails and ran

West to exmouth and had him with them until they slew him and they took the body and buried it in a church and then his friends and litmen came from London and took him up and bore him to Winchester to the old Minster and he is there buried with King canu his uncle

And Swain went then East to Baldwin’s land and sat down there all the winter at Bruges with his full protection and in the same year died edth two Bishop of Dorchester of the north and UL was made Bishop ad 1,047 this year died aelan Abbot of Abington on the fourth day before the

Calends of April and sparhawk monk of St edmundsbury succeeded him Easter day was then on the third day before the know of April and there was over all England very great loss of men this year also the same year came to sandwich lot hen and earling with 25 ships and plundered

And took incalculable spoil in men and in gold and in silver so that no man Wiis what it all was and went then about thanet and with would there have done the same but the land folk firmly withstood and resisted them both by land and sea and then put them to flight with

All they betook themselves then into Essex where they plundered and took men and whatsoever they could find whence they departed Eastward to Baldwin’s land and having deposited the booty they had gained they returned East to the place whence they had come before ad 1047 this year died living the eloquent

Bishop on the 10th before the C of April and he had three Bishop Pricks one in devenshire and in Cornwall and in Worcester then Lea 61 succeeded to devire and to Cornwall and Bishop aldrid to Worcester and in this year oscot the master of the horse was outlawed and

Magnus king of Norway won Denmark in this year there was a great Council in London at Midland and nine ships of lighter men were discharged and five remained behind in this same year came Swain the Earl into England and in this same year was the great Senate at Rome

And King Edward sent therei Bishop Homan and Bishop aldr and they came thither on Easter Eve and afterwards the pope held a Cate at belli and Bishop UL came there too and well nigh would they have broken his staff if he had not given very great

Gifts because he knew not how to do his duty so well as he should and in this year died Archbishop e on the 4th before the Cals of November ad 1,048 this year came Swain back to Denmark and Harold the uncle of Magnus went to Norway on the death of Magnus

And the Northman submitted to him he sent an embassy of peace to this land as did also Swain from Denmark requesting of king Edward Naval assistance to the amount at least of 50 ships but all the people resisted it this year also there was an earthquake on the cend of May in

Many places at Worcester at Wick and at Derby and elsewhere wide throughout England with very great loss by disease of men and of cattle over all England and the wildfire in Derbyshire and elsewhere did much harm in the same year the enemy plundered sandwich and the

Isle of white and slew the best men that were there and King Edward and the Earls went out after them with their ships the same year Bishop Seward resigned his bishoprick from infirmity and retired to Abington upon which Archbishop Edy resumed the bishoprick and he died

Within 8 weeks of this on the 10th day before the calend of November ad. 1048 this year was the severe winter and this year died alwin Bishop of Winchester and Bishop stigand was raised to his sea and before that in the same year died grinkle Bishop in Sussex and

Hea the priest succeeded to the bishoprick and Swain also sent hither begging assistance against Magnus king of Norway that 50 ships should be sent to his aid but it seemed unadvisable to all people and it was then hindered by reason that Magnus had a great ship

Force and he then drove out Swain and with much mans slain won the land and the Danes paid him much money and acknowledged him as king and that same year Magnus died in this year King Edward appointed Robert of London Archbishop of Canterbury during Lent

And in the same lent he went to Rome after his Paul and the King gave the bishoprick of London to sparo Abbot of Abington and the King gave the Abbey of Abington to Bishop rodolf his Kinsman then came the Archbishop from Rome one day before St Peter’s mass Eve

And entered on his arch Episcopal sea at Christ’s Church on St Peter’s mass day and soon after went to the king then came Abbott sparo to him with the kingk Writ and seal in in order that he should consecrate him Bishop of London then the Archbishop refused and said that the

Pope had forbidden it him then went the Abbott to the Archbishop again for that purpose and their desired Episcopal ordination and the Archbishop constantly refused him and said that the pope had forbidden it him then went the Abbot to London and occupied the bishoprick which the king before had granted him with his

Full leave all the summer and the Harvest and then came Eustace ear of balone from Beyond sea soon after the bishop and went to the king and spoke with him that which he then would and went then Homeward when he came to Canterbury East then took he refreshment

There and his men and went to do when he was some mile or more on this side of Dover then he put on his breastplate and so did all his companions and went to Dover when they came thither then would they Lodge themselves where they

Chose then came one of his men and would would abide in the house of a householder against his will and wounded the householder and the householder slew the other then Eustace got upon his horse and his companions upon theirs and they went to the householder and slew

Him within his own dwelling and they went up towards the town and slew as well within as without more than 20 men and the townsmen slew 19 men on the other side and wounded they knew not how many and Eustace escaped with a few men and went again to the King and made

Known to him in part how they had fared and the king became very wroth with the townsmen and the King sent off Godwin the Earl and bade him go into Kent in a hostile manner to Dover for Eustace had made it appear to the king that it had

Been more the fault of the townsmen than his but it was not so and the Earl would not consent to the inroad because he was loath to injure his own people then the king sent after all his counsel and B them come to gloss n the aftermath of St

Mary then had the Welsh men erected a castle in herfordshire among the people of Swain the Earl and wrought every kind of harm and disgrace to the King’s Men thereabout which they could then came Godwin the Earl and Swain the Earl and Harold the Earl together at beverstone

And many men with them in order that they might go to their Royal Lord and to all the peers who were assembled with him in order that they might have the advice of the king and his Aid and of all this counsel how they might Avenge the kingk disgrace and the whole

Nations then were the Welsh men with the King beforehand and accused the ears so that they might not come within his eyes sight because they said that they were coming thither in order to betray the king thither had come Seward the Earl of North Umbria and leop the Earl of Mia

And much people with them from the north to the king and it was made known to the Earl Godwin and his sons that the king and the men who were with him were taking councel concerning them and they arrayed themselves on the other hand resolutely though it were loathful to

Them that they should stand against their Royal Lord then the peers on either side decreed that every kind of evil should cease and the King gave the peace of God and his full friendship to either side then the king and his peers decreed that a council of all the Nobles

Should be held for the second time in London at the Harvest Equinox and the King directed The Army to be called out as well south of the temps as North all that was in any way most eminent then declared they Swain the Earl and Outlaw and summoned Godwin

The Earl and Herold the Earl to the council as quickly as they could affect it when they had come thither then were they summoned into the council then required he safe conduct and hostages so that he might come unbetaed into the council and out of the council then the

King demanded all the thingss whom the Earls before had and they granted them all into his hands then the king sent again to them and commanded them that they should come with 12 men to the kingk council then the ear again required safe conduct and hostages that he might defend himself

Against each of those things which were laid to him then where the hostages refused him and he was allowed a safe conduct for five nights to go out of the land and then Godwin the Earl and Swain the Earl went to bosam and shoved out their ships and betook themselves Beyond

Sea and sought Baldwin’s protection and Abode there all the winter and Harold the Earl went West to Ireland and was there all the winter within the kingk protection and soon after this happened then put away the king the lady who had been consecrated his Queen aditha and

Caused to be taken from her all which she possessed in land and in gold and in silver and in all things and delivered her to his sister at werewell an Abbott sparo was then driven out of the bishoprick of London and William the king’s priest was ordained there too and

Then a was appointed Earl over devenshire and over Somerset and over Dorset and over the Welsh and algar the son of leop the Earl was appointed to the earldom which heral before held ad 1,049 62 this year the emperor gathered an innumerable Army against Baldwin of brues because he had destroyed the

Palace of nimin and because of many other ungracious acts that did against him the Army was immense that he had collected together there was Leo the pope of Rome and the patriarch and many other great men of several provinces he sent also to King Edward and requested of him Naval Aid that he

Might not permit him to escape from him by water whereupon he went to sandwich and lay there with a large Naval Armament until the emperor had all that he wished of Baldwin thither also came back again Earl Swain who had gone from from this land to Denmark and there

Ruined his cause with the Danes he came hither with a pretense saying that he would again submit to the king and be his man and he requested Earl beor to be of assistance to him and give him land to feed him on but Harold his brother and Earl beorn resisted and would give

Him nothing of that which the king had given them the king also refused him everything whereupon sweven retired to his ships at BAM then after the settlement between the emperor and Baldwin many ships went home and the King remained behind sandwich with a few ships Earl Godwin also sailed 42 ships

From Sandwich to pavy and Earl beorn went with him then the king gave leave to all the merians to return home and they did so then it was told the king that osad lay at Ops with 39 ships whereupon the king sent after the ships that he might dispatch which before had

Gone home homewards but still lay at the no then osad fetched his wife from brues and they went back again with six ships but the rest went towards Essex to Idol’s nest and they plundered and then returned to their ships but there Came Upon them a strong wind so that they

Were all lost but four persons who were afterwards slain Beyond sea while sterl Godwin and Earl beorn lay at pavy with their ships came Earl Swain and with a pretense requested of beorn who was his uncle’s son that he would be His companion to the king at sandwich and

Better his condition with him adding that he would swear Oaths to him and be faithful to him whereupon beorn concluded that he would not for their relationship betray him he therefore took three companions with him and they rode to Bam where his 63 ships lay as though they should proceed to

Sandwich but they suddenly bound him and led him to the ships and went then then with him to Dartmouth where they ordered him to be slain and buried deep he was afterwards found and Harold his cousin fetched him then and led him to Winchester to the old Minster where he

Buried him with King n his uncle then the king and all the Army proclaimed Swain and Outlaw a little before this the men of Hastings and thereabout fought his two ships with their ships and slew all the men and brought the ships to sandwich to the king eight

Ships had he air he betrayed beorn afterwards they all forsook him except two whereupon he went Eastward to the land of Baldwin and sat there all the winter at Bruges in full Security in the same year came up from Ireland 36 ships on the Welsh coast and there about

Committed outrages with the aid of Griffin the Welsh King the people were soon gathered against them and there was also with them Bishop Eldred but they had too little assistance and the enemy came unawares on them very early in the morning and slew on the spot many good

Men but the others burst forth with the bishop this was done on the fourth day before the calends of August this year died the good Bishop edn in Oxfordshire and oi Abbot of thy and wolno Abbot of Westminster and King Edward gave the bishoprick which edno had to UL his

Priest but it ill beti it him and he was driven from it because he did not like a bishop therein so that it shth us now to say more Bishop Seward also died who lies at Abington in this same year King Edward put nine ships out of pay and the crews

Departed and went away with the ships with all leaving five ships only behind For Whom the king ordered 12 months pay the same year went Bishops hman and aldr to the pope at Rome on the king’s errand this year was also consecrated the great Minster at Reams in the presence of Pope

Leo and the emperor there was also a a great Senate at St Remy 64 at which was present Pope Leo with the archbishops of burgundy of banin of trives and of reams and many wise men besides both clergy in Ley a great sinate there held they respecting the service of God at the

Instance of a Leo the pope it is difficult to recognize all the Bishops that came thither and also Abbotts King Edward sent thither bishop dudak and wolfi of a Augustines and elf win Abbot of Ramsey with the intent that they should report to the king what was determined their concerning

Christendom this same year came Earl Swain into England ad. 1049 this year Swain came again to Denmark and haral Uncle of Magnus went to Norway after Magnus was dead and the Normans acknowledged him and he sent hither to land concerning peace and and Swain also sent from Denmark and begged

Of king Edward the aid of his ships they were to be at least 50 ships but all people opposed it and this year also there was an earthquake on the kalons of May in many places in Worcester and in Wick and in Derby and elsewhere and also there was a great

Mortality among men and Merin among cattle and moreover the Wildfire did much evil in Derbyshire and elsewhere 81,000 50 this year returned The Bishop’s home from Rome 65 and Earl Swain had his sentence of out Lor reversed the same year died Edy Archbishop of Canterbury on the fourth

Day before the calends of November and also in the same year elfick Archbishop of York on the 11th before the calends of February a very venerable man and wise and his body lies at Peterboro then had King Edward a meeting of the great Council in London in

Midlant at which he appointed Robert the Frank who was before Bishop of London Archbishop of Canterbury and he during the same lent went to Rome after his Paul the king meanwhile gave the Sea of London to sparhawk Abbot of Abington but it was taken from him again before he was

Consecrated the king also gave the Abbey of Abingdon to Bishop rodolph his cousin the same year he put all the lighter men out of pay 66 the pope held a council of again at verelli and Bishop Ulf came thither where he nearly had his staff broken had he not paid more money

Because he could not perform his duties so well as he should do the same year King Edward abolished the dild which king Ethel red imposed that was in the 39th year after it had begun that tribute harassed all the people of England so long as is above written and it was always paid

Before other imposts which were levied indiscriminately and vexed men very iously ad 10:50 thither also came Swain the Earl who before had gone from this land to Denmark and who there had ruined himself with the Danes he came thither with false pretenses saying that he would again be obedient to the king and

Beorn the Earl promised him that he would be of assistance to him then after the reconciliation of the emperor and of Baldwin many of the ships went home and the King remained behind at sandwich with a few ships and Godwin the Earl also went with 42 ships from Sandwich to penzi and beorn

The Earl went with him then was it made known to the king that osgod lay at Ops with 39 ships and the King then sent after the ships which before had gone home that he might send after him and oscot fetched his wife from Bruges and

They went back again with six ships and the others landed in Sussex Essex at edol Ness and there did harm and went again to their ships and then a strong wind came against them so that they were all destroyed except four whose Crews were slain Beyond sea while Godwin the

Earl and beor the Earl lay at penzi then came Swain the Earl and begged beor the Earl with fraud who was his uncle’s son that he would be His companion to the king at sandwich and better his affairs with him he went then on account of the relationship with three companions with

Him and he led him then towards bosam where his ships lay and then they bound him and led him on shipboard then went he then with him to Dartmouth and they ordered him to be slain and deeply buried afterwards he was found and born to Winchester and

Buried with King canut his uncle a little before that the men of Hastings and thereabout fought two of his ships with their ships and slew all the men and brought the ships to sandwich to the king eight ships he had before he betrayed beorn after that all forsook

Him except two in the same year arrived in the Welsh AXA from Ireland 36 ships and thereabout did harm with the help of Griffin the Welsh King the people were gathered together against them Bishop aldred of Worcester was also there with them but they had too little power and

They Came unawares Upon them at very early mourn and there they slew many good men and the others escaped with the bishop this was done on the fourth before the Cal of August this year died in Oxfordshire OSI Abbot of thorny and wolf Abbot of Westminster and Ulf the priest was

Appointed as Pastor to the bishoprick which edno had held but he was after that driven away because he did nothing Bishop likee therein so that it shth us now to tell more about it and Bishop Seward died he Le at Abington and this year was consecrated the great Minster

At Reams there was Pope Leo 9 and the Emperor Henry III and there they held a great Senate concerning God’s service St Leo the pope presided at the Senate it is difficult to have a knowledge of the Bishops who came there and how many Abbotts and hence from this land were

Sent two from St Augustines and from Ramsey ad 1,051 this year came Archbishop Robert hither oversea with his Paul from Rome one day before St Peter’s Eve and he took his arch Episcopal seat at Christ Church on St Peter’s Day and soon after this went to the king then came Abbott

Sparhawk to him with the king’s writ and seal to the intent that he should consecrate him Bishop o OE London but the Archbishop refused saying that the pope had forbidden him then went the Abbot to the Archbishop again for the same purpose and there demanded Episcopal consecration but the Archbishop obstinately refused repeating

That the pope had forbidden him then went the Abbot to London and sat at the bishoprick which the king had before given him with his full leave all the summer and the Autumn then during the same year came Eustace who had the sister of King Edward to wife from

Beyond sea soon after the bishop and went to the king and having spoken with him whatever he chose he then went Homeward when he came to Canterbury Eastward there took he a repast and his men whence he proceeded to Dover when he was about a mile or more on this side

Died do he put on his breastplate and so did all his companions and they proceeded to Dover when they came thither they resolved to quarter themselves wherever they lived then came one of his men and would Lodge at the house of a master of a family against

His will but having wounded the Master of the House he was slain by the other then was Eustace quickly upon his horse and his companions upon theirs and having gone to the master of the family they slew him on his own Hearth then going up to the burrow Ward they slew

Both within and without more than 20 men the townsmen slew 19 men on the other side and wounded more but they knew not how many Eustace escaped with a few men and went again to the king telling him partially how they had fared the King was very wroth with the townsmen and

Sent off for o Godwin bidding him go into Kent with hostility to Dover for Eustace had told the king that the guilt of the townsman was greater than his but it was not so and the Earl would not consent to the Expedition because he was loath to destroy his own people then

Sent the King after all his counsel and B them come to gler nigh the aftermath of St Mary meanwhile Godwin took it much to heart that in his erom such a thing should happen whereupon be began to gather forces over all his earlom and Earl Swain his son over his and Harold

His other son over his earldom and they assembled all in gloucestershire at langree a large and innumerable Army all ready for battle against the king unless eustus and his men were delivered to them handcuffed and also the Frenchmen that were in the castle this was done seven nights before the latter mass of

St Mary when King Edward was sitting at Gloucester whereupon he sent after Earl leop and North after Earl Seward and summoned their retinues at first they came to him with moderate Aid but when they found how it was in the south then sent they North over all their earlom and ordered a

Large Force to the help of their lord so did Ralph also over his erom then came they all to Gloucester to the aid of the king though it was late so unanimous were they all in defense of the king that they would seek Godwin’s Army if the king desired it but some

Prevented that because it was very unwise that they should come together for in the two armies was there almost all that was noblest in England they therefore prevented this that they might not leave the land at the mercy of our foes whilst engaged in a destructive conflict betwix

Ourselves then it was advised that they should exchange hostages between them and they issued proclamations throughout to London whether all the people were summoned over all this North End in sewart erom and in leop and also elsewhere and Earl Godwin was to come thither with his sons to a conference

They came as far as suic and very many with them from Wessex but his army continually diminished more and more for they bound over to the king all the thingss that belonged to Earl heral his son and outlawed Earl Swain his other son when therefore it could not serve

His purpose to come to a conference against the king and against the army that was with him he went in the night away in the morning the king held a council and proclaimed him an outlaw with his whole Army himself and his wife and all his Three Sons Swain and toasty

And Griff and he went South to thorny 67 with his wife and Swain his son and toasty and his wife a cousin of Baldwin of Bruges and his son Griff Earl Herold with Lee of wine went to Bristol in the ship that Earl Swain had before prepared

And provisioned for himself and the King sent Bishop aldri from London with his retinue with orders to overtake him a he came to ship but they either could not or would not and he then went out from the m of the Avon but he encountered such adverse weather that he got off

With difficulty and suffered great loss he then went forth to Ireland as soon as the weather permitted in the meantime the Welsh men had rought a castle in herfordshire in the territory of Earl Swain and brought as much injury and disgrace on the King’s Men thereabout as

They could then came Earl Godwin and Earl Swain and Earl Herold together at beverstone and many men with them to the intent that they might go to their natural Lord and to all the peers that were assembled with him to have the kingk counsel and assistance and that of

All the peers how they might Avenge the insult offered to the king and to all the nation but the welshmen were before with the king and bered the Earls so that they were not permitted to come within the sight of his eyes for they declared that they intended to come

Thither to betray the king there was now assembled before the king 68 Earl Seward and Earl Lea and much people with them from the north and it was told Earl Godwin and his sons that the king and the men who were with him would take counsel against them but they prepared

Themselves firmly to resist though they were loath to proceed against their natural Lord then advised the peers on either side that they should abstain from all hostility and the King gave God’s peace and his full friendship to each party then advised the king in his councel that there should be a second

Time a general assembly of all the Nobles in London and at the autumnal equinox and the King ordered out an army both south and north of the temps the best that ever was then was Earl Swain proclaimed an outlaw and Earl Godwin and Earl Harold were summoned to the council

As early as they could come when they came thither and were cited to the council then required they security and hostages that they might come into the council and go out without treachery the king then demanded all the thingss that the Earls had and they put

Them all into his hands then sent the King again to them and commanded them to come with 12 men to the kingk council then desired the Earl again security and hostages that he might answer singly to each of the things that were laid to his charge but the hostages were refused and

A truce of Five Knights was allowed him to depart from the land then went Earl Godwin and Earl Swain to bosam and Drew out their ships and went beyond sea seeking the protection of Baldwin and there they abode all the winter Earl Herold went Westward to Ireland and was

There all the winter on the king’s security it was from thorny 69 that Godwin and those that were with him went to Bruges to Baldwin’s land in one ship with as much treasure as they could Lodge therein for each man wonderful would it have been thought by every man

That was then in England if any person had said before this that it would end thus for he was before raised to such a height that he ruled the king in all England his sons were Earls and the King’s Darlings and his daughter wedded and United to the king soon after this

Took place the king dismissed the lady who had been consecrated his Queen and ordered to be taken from her all that she had in land and in gold and in silver and in all things and committed her to the care of his sister at werewell soon after came Earl William

From Beyond sea with a large retinue of Frenchmen and the King entertained him and as many of his comp companions as were convenient to him and let him depart again then was Abbott sparhawk driven from his bishoprick at London and William the king’s priest was invested therewith then was AI appointed Earl

Over devenshire and over Somerset and over Dorset and over Wales and algar the son of ear Le africk was promoted to the erom which Herald before possessed ad. 1051 in this year died IGN Archbishop of Canterbury and the King gave to robertt the Frenchman who before had been Bishop of London the arch

Bishoprick and sparo Abbot of Abington succeeded to the bishoprick of London and it was afterwards taken from him before he was consecrated and Bishop Homan and Bishop aldred went to Rome ad 1,052 this year on the second day before the known of March died the aged lady

Elfa Emma the mother of king Edward and of King hardic n the relict of King Ethel red and of King n and her body lies in the old Minster with King n at this time Griffin the Welsh King plundered in herfordshire till he came very nigh to lemonster and they gathered

Against him both the landsmen and the Frenchmen from the castle and there were slain very many good men of the English and also of the French this was on the same day 13 years after that Edwin was slain with his companions in the same year advised the

King and his Council that ship should be sent out to sandwich and that Earl Ralph and Earl Ada should be appointed headman there too then went Earl God went out from Bruges with his ships to endic and sailed forth one day before Midsummer Eve till he came to the nest

That is to the south of Romney when it came to the knowledge of the Earls out at Sandwich they went out after the other ships and a land force was also ordered out against the ships meanwhile Earl Godwin had warning and book himself into pavy and the weather was so

Boisterous that the ears could not learn what had become of Earl Godwin but Earl Godwin then went out again until he came back to Bruges and the other ships returned back again to sandwich then it was advised that the ships should go back again to London and

That other ears and other Pilots should be appointed over them but it was delayed so long that the Marine Army all deserted and they all betook themselves home when Earl Godwin understood that he drew up his sail and his ship and they 70 went West at once to the aisle of

White and Landing there they plundered so long that the people gave them as much as they required of them then proceeded they Westward until they came to Portland where they landed and did as much harm as they could possibly do meanwhile Harold had gone out from

Ireland with nine ships and came up at potlock with his ships to the mouth of the sever near the boundaries of Somerset and devenshire and they plundered much the land folk collected against him both from Somerset and from devenshire but he put them to flight and slew there more than 30 good thingss

Besides others and went soon after about penster where was much people gathered against him but he spared not to provide himself with meat and went up and slew on the spot a great number of the people seizing in cattle in men and in money whatever he could then went he Eastward

To his father and they went both together Eastward 71 until they came to the aisle of white Where They seized whatever had been left them before then they went to penzi and got out with them as many ships as had gone in there and so proceeded forth till they came to the

Ness 72 getting all the ships that were at Romney and at he and at folkstone then ordered King Edward to fit out 40 smacks that lay at Sandwich many weeks to watch her old Godwin who was at Bruges during the winter but he nevertheless came hither first to land

So as to escape their notice and whilst he Abode in this land he enticed to him all the kentish men and all the boatmen from Hastings and Everywhere thereabout by the Sea Coast and all the men of Essex and Sussex and Suri and many others besides then said they all that they

Would with him live or die when the fleet that lay at Sandwich had intelligence about godwink Expedition they set sail after him but he escaped them and took himself wherever he might and the fleet returned to sandwich and so Homeward to London when Godwin understood that the fleet that lay at

Sandwich was gone home then went he back again to the aisle of white and lay there about by the Sea Coast so long that they came together he and his son Earl Harold but they did no great harm after they came together save that they took meat and enticed to them all the

Land folk by the Sea Coast and also upward in the land and they proceeded toward San swich ever alluring forth with them all the boatmen that they met and to sandwich they came with an increasing army they then steered Eastward round to Dover and Landing there took as many ships and hostages as

They chose and so returned to sandwich where they did the same and Men everywhere gave them hostages and Provisions wherever they required them then proceeded they to the Noah and so toward London but some of the ships landed on the aisle of sheipi and did much harm there whence they steal to

Milton Regis and burned it all and then proceeded toward London after the ears when they came to London there lay the king and all his Earls to meet them with 50 ships the Earls 73 then sent to the king praying that they might be each possessed of those things which had been

Unjustly taken from them but the king resisted some while so long that the people who were with the Earl were very much stirred against the king and against his people so that the Earl himself with difficulty appeased them when King Edward understood that then sent he upward after more aid but they

Came very late and Godwin stationed himself continually before London with his Fleet till he came to suc where he Abode some time until the flood 74 came up on this occasion he also contrived with the Burgesses that they should do almost all that he would when he had

Arranged his whole Expedition then came the flood and they soon weighed anchor and steered through the bridge by the South Side the land Force meanwhile came above and arranged themselves by The Strand and they formed an angle with the ships against the north side as if they

Wished to surround the king’s ships the king had also a great land force on his side to add to his shipmen but they were most of them loathed to fight with their own Kinsmen for there was little else of any great importance but Englishmen on either side and they were also unwilling

That this land should be the more exposed to outlandish people because as they destroyed each other then it was determined that wise men should be sent between them who should settle peace on either side Godwin went up and Herald his son and their Navy as many as they

Then thought proper then Advanced Bishop stigen with God’s assistance and the wise men both within the town and without who determined that hostages should be given on either side and so they did when Archbishop Robert and the Frenchmen knew that they took hor and went some West to Pentecost castle

Some North to Robert’s Castle Archbishop Robert and Bishop UL with their companions went out at Eastgate slaying or else maming many young men and betook themselves at once to ulf’s Nest where he put himself on board a crazy ship and went at once oversea leaving his Paul

And all Christen him here on land as God ordained because he had obtained an honor which God disclaimed then was proclaimed a general Council without London and all the Earls and the best men in the land were at the council there took up Earl Godwin his birth and cleared himself there before

His Lord King Edward and before all the nation proving that he was innocent of the crime laid to his charge and to his son Herold and all his children and the King gave the Earl and his children and all the men that were with him his full

Friendship and the full earldom and all that he possessed before and he gave the lady all that she had before Archbishop Robert was fully proclaimed an outlaw with all the Frenchmen because they chiefly made the Discord between Earl Godwin and the king and Bishop stigan succeeded to the Archbishop at

Canterbury at the council therefore they gave Godwin fairly his earldom so full and so free as he at first possessed it and his sons also all that they formerly had and his wife and his daughter so full and so free as they formerly had and they fastened full friendship

Between them and ordained good laws to all people then they outlawed all Frenchmen who before instituted bad laws and judged unrighteous judgment and brought bad counsels into this land except so many as they concluded it was agreeable to the king to have with him who were true to him and to all his

People it was with difficulty that Bishop Robert and Bishop William and Bishop fulf escaped with the Frenchmen that were with them and so went oversee Burl Godwin and Harold and the queen sat in their stations Swain had before gone to Jerusalem from Bruges and died on his way home at Constantinople at

Mikelus it was on the Monday after the Festival of a Mary that Godwin came with his ships to suic and on the morning afterwards on the Tuesday they were reconciled as it stands here before recorded Godwin then sickened soon after he came up and returned back but he made

Altogether too little restitution of God’s Property which he acquired from many places at the same time arwe Abbot of Peterboro resigned his absy in full health and gave it to the monk Le africk with the king’s leave and that of the monks and the Abbot arwi lived afterwards eight Winters the Abbot Leaf

Gilded the Minster so that it was called gildenborough and it then waxed very much in land and in gold and in silver ad. 1052 this year died alfrick Archbishop of York a very Pious man and wise and in the same year King Edward abolished the tribute which king Ethel red had before

Imposed that was in the 9 and 30th year after he had begun it that tax distressed all the English Nation during so long a time as it has been written that was ever before other taxes which were variously paid and wherewith the people were manifestly distressed in the same year Eustace Burl

Of Balon landed at Dover he had King Edward’s sister to wife then went his men inconsiderately after quarters and a certain man of the town they slew and another man of the Town their companion so that there lay seven of his companions and much harm was there done

On either side by horse and also by weapons until the people gathered together and then they fled away until they came to the king at Gloucester and he gave them protection when Godwin the Earl understood that such things should have happened in his earldom then began he to gather together people over all

His earldom 75 and Swain the Earl his son over his and Harold his other son over his earldom and they all Drew together in gloucestershire at langry a great force and countless all ready for battle against the king unless Eustace were given up and his men placed in

Their hands and also the Frenchmen who were in The Castle this was done 7 days before the latter mass of St Mary then was King Edward sitting at Gloucester then sent he after leop the Earl of Mia and North after Seward the Earl of North Umbria and begged their

Forces and then they came to him first with a moderate aid but after they knew how it was there in the south then sent they North over all their eroms and caused to be ordered out a large Force for the help of their lord and Ralph

Also over his earldom and then came they all to Gloucester to to help the king though it might be late then were they also United in opinion with the King that they would have sought out Godwin’s forces if the king had so willed then thought some of them that it would be a

Great Folly that they should join battle because there was nearly all that was most Noble in England in the two armies and they thought that they should expose the land to our foes and cause great destruction among ourselves then counseled they that hostages should be given mutually and

They appointed Ed a term at London and thither the people were ordered out over all this North End in seart erom and in leop and also elsewhere and Godwin the Earl and his sons were to come there with their defense then came they to Sak and a great multitude with them from Wessex

But his band continually diminished the longer he stayed and they exacted pledges for the king from all the fs who were under Herold the Earl his son and then they outlawed Swain the Earl his other son then did it not suit him to come with a defense to meet the king and

To meet the Army which was with him then went he by night away and the King on the morrow held a councel and together with all the Army declared him an outlaw him and all his sons and he went South to thorny and his wife and Swain his son

And toasty and his wife Baldwin’s relation of Bruges and grith his son and Harold the Earl and Le of wine went to Bristol in the ship which Swain the Earl had before got ready for himself and provisioned and the King sent Bishop aldrid of Worcester to London with a

Force and they were to overtake him a he came on shipboard but they could not where they would not and he went out from avonmouth and met with such heavy weather that he with difficulty got away and there he sustained much damage then went he forth to Ireland when fit

Weather came and Godwin and those who were with him went from thorny to Bruges to Baldwin’s land in one ship with as much treasure as they might therein best Stow for each man it would have seemed wondrous to every man who was in England if anyone before that had said that it

Should end thus for he had been awh to that degree exalted as if he ruled the king in all England and his sons were Earls and the Kings Darlings and his daughter wedded and United to the king she was brought to werewell and they delivered her to the abis then soon came

William the Earl of Normandy from Beyond Seas with a great band of Frenchmen and the King received him and as many of his companions as it pleased him and led him away again this same year was given to William the priest the bishoprick of London which before had been given to sparo ad.

1052 this year died elf G the lady relict of King Ethel red and of King can on the second before the know of March in the same year Griffin the Welsh King plundered in herfordshire until he came very nigh to lemonster and they gathered against him

As well the landsmen as the Frenchmen of the castle and there were slain of the English very many good men and also of the Frenchmen that was on the same day on which 13 years before Edwin had been slain by his companions ad. 1052 in this year died El of Emma King

Edward’s mother and King Hardin Utes and in this same year the king decreed and his councel that ships should proceed to sandwich and they set Ralph the Earl and Ada the Earl of Devon as headman there too then Godwin the Earl went out from Bruges with his ships to endic and left

It one day before midsummer’s Mass Eve so that he came to NES which is south of Romney then came it to the knowledge of the Earls out at sandwich and they then went out after the other ships and a land force was ordered out against the ships then during this

Godwin the Earl was warned and then he went to peny and the weather was very severe so that the Earls could not learn what was become of Godwin the Earl and then Godwin the Earl went out again until he came once more to bruis and the other ships returned again to

Sandwich and then it was decreed that the ships should return once more to London and that other Earls and commanders should be appointed to the ships then was it delayed so long that the ship force all departed and all of them went home when Godwin the Earl

Learned that then Drew he up his sail and his Fleet and then went West direct to the aisle of white and they landed and ravaged so long there until the people yielded them so much as they laid on them and then they went Westward until they came to Portland and there

They landed and did whatsoever har they were able to do then was Harold come out from Ireland with nine ships and then landed at porlock and their much people was gathered against him but he failed not to procure himself Provisions he proceeded further and slew there a great number of the people and

Took of cattle and of men and of property as it suited him he then went Eastward to his father and then they both went Eastward until they came to the aisle of white and there took that which was yet remaining for them them and then they went then to penzi and got

Away then as many ships as were there fit for service and so onwards until he came to NES and got all the ships which were in Ramy and in he and in folkstone and then they went East to Dover and they landed and there took ships and hostages as many as they would

And so went a sandwich and did hand the same and everywhere hostages were given them and Provisions wherever they desired and then they went to North mouth and so toward London and some of the ships went within sheepy and there did much harm and went their way to

King’s Milton and that they all burned and book themselves then toward London after the Earls when they came to London there lay the king and all the ears there against them with 50 ships then the Earl sent to the king and required of him that they might be held worthy of

Each of those things which had been unjustly taken from them then the king however resisted some while so long as until the people who were with the Earl were much stirred against the king and against his people so that the Earl himself with difficulty stilled the people then Bishop stigan interposed

With God’s help and the wise men as well within the town as without and they decreed that hostages should be set forth on either side and thus was it done when Archbishop Robert and the Frenchmen learned that they took their horses and went some West to pentecost’s

Castle some North to Robert’s Castle and Archbishop Robert and Bishop Ulf went out at East Gate and their Companions and slew and otherwise injured many young men and went their way to direct adolf’s nest and he there put himself in a crazy ship and went direct oversea and

Left his Paul and all Christendom here on land so as God would have it in as much as he had before obtained the dignity so as God would not have it then there was a great Council proclaimed without London and all the Earls and the

Chief men who were in this land were at the council there Godwin bore forth his defense and Justified himself before King Edward his Lord and before all people of the land that he was Guiltless of that which was laid against him and against Herold his son and all his

Children and the King gave to the Earl and his children his full friendship and full earldom and all that he before possessed and to all the men who were with him and the King gave to the lady editha all that she before possessed and they declared Archbishop Robert utterly

An outlaw and all the Frenchmen because they had made most of the difference between Godwin the Earl and the king and Bishop stigand obtained the Archbishop Rick of Canterbury in this same time Arley Abbot of Peterboro left the absy in Sound Health and gave it to leop the monk by

Leave of the king and of the monks and Abbot arwe lived afterwards 8 years and Abbot Leaf then enriched the Minster so that it was called the Golden burrow then it waxed greatly in land and in gold and in silver ad 1052 and went so to the aisle of white

And there took all the ships which could be of any service and hostages and betook himself so Eastward and Harold had landed with nine ships at porlock and slew there much people and took cattle and men and property and went his way Eastward to his father and they both

Went to Ramy to hidee to folkstone to do to sandwich and ever they took all the ships which they found which could be of any service and hostages all as they proceeded and went then to London ad 1,053 about this time was the great wind

On the mass night of St Thomas which did much harm everywhere and all the midwinter also was much wind it was this year resolved to slay ree the Welsh King’s brother because he did did harm and they brought his head to Gloucester on the eve of 12th day in this same year

Before alus died wolfy Bishop of Lichfield and Godwin Abbot of wincham and award Abbot of glastenbury all within one month and LEF wine Abbot of Coventry took to the bishopi at Lichfield Bishop aldrid to The Abbey at wincham and alno took to the absy at glastenbury the same year died elfick

Brother of ADA at dear hust and his body re death at pure in this year was the king at Winchester at Easter and Earl Godwin with him and Earl Herald his son and toasty on the day after Easter sat he with the king at table when he suddenly sunk beneath against the foot

Rail deprived of speech and of all his strength he was brought into the kingk chamber and they supposed that it would pass over but it was not so he continued thus speechless and helpless till the a Thursday when he resigned his life on the 17th before the calends of May and

He was buried at Winchester in the old Minster Earl Harold his son took to the earlom that his father had before and to all that his father possessed whilst Earl elar took to the earlom that haral had before the welshmen this year slew a great many of the Waters of the English

People at Westberry this year there was no Archbishop in this land but Bishop stigan held the Sea of Canterbury at Christ church and Kinsey that of York Lea wine and wolfi went oversea and had themselves consecrated Bishops there wolf we took to the bishopi which Ulf

Had whilst he was living and in Exile ad. 1053 this year was the great wind on Thomas’s Mass night and also the whole midwinter there was much wind and it was decreed that ree the Welsh King’s brother should be slain because he had done harm and his head was brought to

Gloss on 12th day Eve and the same year before all Hallow’s Mass died wolfy Bishop of Lichfield and Godwin Abbot of wincham and elel word Abbot of Kenbury all within one month and leofwine succeeded to the bishoprick of Lichfield and Bishop ad R of Worcester Took The Abbey at wincham and eelo

Succeeded to The Abbey at glastenbury and the same year died elfick ‘s brother at Dior Hurst and his body re death at pure and the same year died Godwin the Earl and he fell ill as he sat with the king at Winchester and haral his son succeeded

To the earldom which his father before held and elar the Earl succeeded to the earldom which heral before held ad. 1053 in this year died Godwin the Earl on the 17th before the Cal of May and he is buried at Winchester in the old Minster and Harold the Earl his son

Succeeded to the earldom and to all that which his father had held and elar the Earl succeeded to the erom which heral before held ad 1,054 this year died Leo the holy Pope at Rome and Victor was chosen Pope in his stad and in this year was so great

Loss of cattle as was not remembered for many Winters before this year went Earl Seward with a large Army against Scotland consisting both of Marines and land forces and engaging with the Scots he put to flight the king McBeth slew all the best in the land and led then

Much spoil such as no man before obtained many fell also on his side both Danish and English even his own son Osborne and his sister’s son seaward and many of his house Carl and also of the kings were there slain that day which was that of the seven

Sleepers this same year went Bishop aldr south over sea into Saxony to Cologne on the king’s errand where he was entertained with great respect by the emperor Abode their well nni a year and received presence not only from the court but from the bishop of cologne and the emperor he commissioned Bishop LEF

Wine to consecrate the Minster at eham and it was consecrated in the same year on the 6th before the Ides of October this year also died oscard clappa suddenly in his bed as he lay at rest ad. 105 4 this year went Seward the Earl with a

Great Army into Scotland both with a ship force and with a land force and fought against the Scots and put to flight King McBeth and slew all who were the chief men in the land and led then much booty such as no man before had obtained but his son Osborne and his

Sister’s son Seward and some of his house Carl and also of the kings were there slain on the day of the seven sleepers the same year went Bishop aldrid to Cologne oversee on the king’s errand and he was there received with much worship by the Emperor Henry III

And there he dwelt well nigh a year and either gave him entertainment both the bishop of cologne and the emperor and he gave leave to Bishop Le of wine of Lichfield to consecrate the Minster at eam on the 6th before the IDS of October in this year died osad suddenly in his

Bed and this year died Street Leo the Pope and Victor was chosen Pope in his stad ad 1,055 this year died Earl Seward at York and his body lies within the Minster at gal manho 76 which he had himself ordered to be built and consecrated in

The name of God and EST olavi to the honor of God and to all his Saints Archbishop Kinsey fetched his Paul from Pope Victor then within a little time after a general counsel was summoned in London seven nights before midlant at which Earl elar son of Earl leofric was outlawed almost without any

Guilt because it was said against him that he was the betrayer of the king and of all the people of the land and he was a Reign thereof before all that were there assembled though the crime laid to his charge was unintentional the king however gave the

Eram which Earl seart formerly had to toasty son of Earl Godwin whereupon Earl elar sought Griffin’s territory in North Wales whence he went to Ireland and there gave him a fleet of 18 ships besides his own and then returned to Wales to King Griffin with the Armament

Who received him on terms of Amity and they gathered a great force with the Irishmen and the Welsh and Earl Ralph collected a great Army against them at the town of Herford where they met but a there was a spear thrown the English people fled because they were on

Horses the enemy then made a great Slaughter there about 400 or 500 men they on the other side none they went then to the town and burned it utterly and the large Minster 77 also which the worthy Bishop athlan had caused to be built that they plundered and bereft of

Relic and of reef and of all things whatever and the people they slew and led some away then an army from all parts of England was gathered very nigh 78 and they came to Gloucester whence they sallied not far out against the Welsh and there lay some time an Earl

Heral caused the Dyke to be dug about the town the while meantime men began to speak of peace and Earl Herold and those who were with him came to Bley where Amity and friendship were established between them the sentence of outl against Earl elar was reversed and they

Gave him all that was taken from him before the fleet returned to Chester and there awaited their pay which elar promised them the slaughter was on the night before the calends of November in the same year died tremar the Welsh Bishop soon after the plundering who was Bishop athlan substitute after he became

Infirm ad. 1055 in this year died Seward the Earl at York and he lies at gal manho in the Minster which himself caused to be built and consecrated in God’s and olav’s name and toasty succeeded to the earldom which he had held and Archbishop Kinsey of York fetched his Paul from Pope

Victor and soon thereafter was outlawed elar the Earl son of leop the Earl well nigh without guilt but he went to Ireland and to Wales and procured himself there a great force and so went to Herford but there came against him Ralph the Earl with a large army and

With a slight conflict he put them to flight and much people slew in the flight and they went then into Herford port and that they ravaged and burned the great Minster which Bishop athl had built and slew the priests within the Minster and many in addition theto and

Took all the treasures therein and carried them away with them and when they had done the utmost evil this Council was counseled that elar the Earl should be in lawed and be given his earldom and all that had been taken from him this ravaging happened on the 9th

Before the calends of November in the same year died Tremor and the Welsh Bishop ofast Davids soon after that RAV Ing and he was Bishop affan’s coadjutor from the time that he had become infirm ad. 1055 in this year died Seward the Earl and then was summoned a general counsel

7 days before Midland and they outlawed elar the Earl because it was cast upon him that he was a traitor to the king and to all the people of the land and he made a confession of it before all the men who were there gathered though the word escaped him

Unintentionally and the King gave the earldom to toasty son of Earl Godwin which sewered the Earl before held and elar the Earl sought Griffin’s protection in North Wales and in this year Griffin and elar burned St ethelbert’s Minster and all the town of Herford ad 1,56 this year Bishop eel resigned his

Bishopi at Durham and retired to Peterboro Minster and his brother eel wine succeeded him the worthy Bishop athlan died on the 4th before the Ides of February and his body lies at Herford to him succeeded leaker who was Earl herold’s Mass priest he wore his napsack

In his priesthood until he was a bishop he abandoned his crism and his rude his ghostly weapons and took to his Spear and to his sword after his Bishop hood and so marched to the field against Griffin the Welsh King 79 but he was there slain and his priests with him and

Elot the sheriff and many other good men with them and the rest fled this was eight nights before Midsummer difficult is it to relate all the vexation and the journeying the marching and the fatigue the fall of men and of horses also which the whole Army of the English suffered until early afck

And Earl Harold and Bishop Eldred came together and made peace between them so that Griffin swore Oaths that he would be a firm and faithful Viceroy to King Edward then Bishop Eldred took to the bishoprick which leaker had before 11 weeks and 4 days the same year died Kona

The emperor an Earl Ada whose body lies at pure and who was admitted a monk before his end which was on the second before the calend of September a good man and virtuous and truly Noble ad 1,057 this year came Edward etheling son of King Edmund to this land and soon

After died his body is buried Within in St Paul’s Minster at London he was brother’s son to King Edward King Edmund was called Ironside for his Valor this etheling King n had sent into Hungary to betray him but he there grew in favor with good men as God granted him and it

Well became him so that he obtained the emperor’s cousin in marriage and by her had a fair Offspring her name was AGA we know not for what reason it was done that he should see his relation King Edward alas that was a ruul time and injurious

To all this nation that he ended his life so soon after he came to England to The Misfortune of this miserable people the same year died early africk on the 2 before the calends of October who was very wise before God and also before the world and who benefited all this nation

80 he lies at Coventry 81 and his son elar took to his territory this this year died Earl Ralph on the 12th before the calends of January and lies at Peterboro also died Bishop hea in Sussex and eel was elevated to his sea this year also died Pope Victor and Steven

Was chosen Pope who was Abbot of Monet Casino ad. 1057 in this year Edward etheling King Edmund’s son came hither to land and soon after died and his body is buried within St Halls Minster at London and Pope Victor died and Steven n was chosen Pope he was Abbott of mon casino and

Leop the Earl died and elar his son succeeded to the earldom which the father before held ad 1,058 this year was Earl eler banished but he soon came in again by force through Griffin’s assistance and a naval Armament came from Norway it is tedious to tell how it all fell out

In this same year Bishop aldrid consecrated the Minster church at Gloucester which he himself had raised 82 to the honor of God in St Peter and then went to Jerusalem 83 with such dignity as no other man did before him and betook himself there to God a worthy

Gift he also offered to our Lord Seiler which was a golden chalice of the value of five marks of very wonderful workmanship in the same year died Pope Steven and Benedict was appointed Pope he sent hither the Paul to Bishop stigand who as Archbishop consecrated eel a monk at Christ Church Bishop of

Sussex and Abbott Seward Bishop of Rochester ad. 1058 this year died Pope Steven and Benedict Was consecrated Pope the same sent hither to land a Paul to Archbishop stigen and in this year died hia Bishop of Sussex an Archbishop stigant ordained Alger a monat Christ Church Bishop of Sussex and

Abbott Seward Bishop of Rochester ad 1,059 this year was Nicholas chosen Pope who had been Bishop of Florence and Benedict Was expelled who was Pope before this year also was consecrated the steeple 84 at Peterborough on the 16th before the calends of November ad 1,060 this year was a great earthquake

On the translation of a Martin and King Henry died in France Kinsey Archbishop of York died on the 11th before the calends of January and he lies at Peterboro Bishop ALR succeeded to the Sea and Walter to that of herfordshire dudok also died who was Bishop of

Somerset here and jesa the priest was appointed in his stad ad 1,061 this year went Bishop aldri to Rome after his Paul which he received at the hands of Pope Nicholas Earl tosty and his wife also went to Rome and the bishop and the Earl met with great

Difficulty as they returned home in the same year died Bishop Godwin at St Martin’s 85 on the 7th before the Ides of March and in the selfs year died wolfi Abbot of St Augustine in the Easter week on the 14th before the calend of May Pope Nicholas also died

And Alexander was chosen Pope who was Bishop of Luca when word came to the king that the Abbott wolck was dead then chose he Effy a monk of the old Minster to succeed who followed Archbishop stigand and was consecrated Abbott at Windsor on St Augustine’s Mass day ad.

1061 in this year died dudok Bishop of Somerset and giso succeeded and in the same year died Godwin Bishop of St Martins on the 7eventh before the Ides of March and in the selfsame year died woli Abbot of a Augustines within the Easter week on the

14th before the Cal of May when word came to the king that Abbott wolfi was departed then chose he ethy the monk thereto from the old Minster who Then followed Archbishop stigand and was consecrated Abbott at Windsor on St Augustine’s Mass Day ad 1,063 this year went Earl heral after

Midwinter from Gloucester to ridland which belonged to Griffin and that habitation he burned with his ships and all the rigging belonging there to and put him to flight then in the gang days went Harold with his ships from Bristol about Wales where he made a truce with the people and they gave him

Hostages toasty meanwhile Advanced with a land Force against them and plundered the land but in the Harvest of the same year was King Griffin slain on the know of August by his own men through the war that he waged with Earl Harold he was King over all the Welsh nation and his

Head was brought to Earl Harold who sent it to the king with his ship’s head and the rigging therewith King Edward committed the land to his two brothers blent and rwad who swore Oaths and gave hostage to the king and to the Earl that they would

Be faithful to him in all things ready to Aid him everywhere by water and land and would pay him such tribute from the land as was paid long before to other kings ad 1063 this year went Harald the Earl and his brother tosty the Earl as well with

A land Force as a ship Force into Wales and they subdued the land and the people delivered hostages to them and submitted and went afterwards and slew their King Griffin and and brought to heral his head and he appointed another king there too ad 1,065 this year before lamus ordered

Earl Herald his men to build at ports sth in Wales but when he had begun and collected many materials and thought to have King Edward there for the purpose of hunting even when it was already ready came keredo son of Griffin with all the gang that he could get and slew

Almost all that were building there and they seized the materials that were there got ready Wiis we not who first advised the wicked deed this was done on the mass day of St Bartholomew soon after this all the fs in Yorkshire and in North umberland gathered themselves together at York and

Outlawed their Earl toasty slaying all the men of his clan that they could reach both Danish and English and took all his weapons in York with gold and silver and all his money that they could anywhere they find they then sent after morco son of Earl elar and chose him for

Their Earl he went South with all the Shire and with Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in Lincolnshire till he came to Northampton where his brother Edwin came to meet him with the men that were in his earldom many Britains also came with him Herold also there met them on

Whom they imposed an errand to King Edward sending also Messengers with him and requesting that they might have more car for their Earl this the king granted and sent back Herald to them to Northampton on the eve of St Simon and St Jude and announced to them the same

And confirmed it by hand and renewed there the laws of n but the northern men did much harm about Northampton whilst he went on their errand either that they slew men and burned houses and corn or took all the cattle that they could come at which amounted to many

Thousands many hundred men also they took and led northward with them so that not only that Shire but Others near it were the worst for many Winters then Earl tosty and his wife and all they who acted with him went South oversea with him to Earl Baldwin who received them

All and they were there all the winter about midwinter King Edward came to Westminster and had the Minster there consecrated which he had himself built to the honor of God and St Peter and all God’s Saints this church hallowing was on children’s day he died on the eve of

12th day and he was buried on 12th day in the same Minster as it is Hereafter said here Edward King 86 of Angel Lord sent his steadfast soul to Christ in the kingdom of God a holy spirit he in the world here Abode a while in the kingly

Throng of council Sage for in 20 Winters wielding the scepter freely wealth he dispensed in the tide of Health the youthful Monarch offspring of Ethel red ruled well his subjects the Welsh and the Scots and the Britain also Angles and Saxons relations of old so apprehend the first in rank

That to Edward all the noble King were firmly held high seated men blinded I was the harmless King though he long air of land bereft Abode in Exile wide on the earth when new AME The Kin of Ethel red and the Danes wielded the dear Kingdom of

Engeland 8 and 20 Winters rounds they wealth dispensed then came forth free in his ch ERS in Royal array good pure and Mild Edward the noble by his country defended by land and people until suddenly came the bitter death and this King so dear snatched from the Earth Angels carried

His soul sincere into the light of heaven but The Prudent King had settled the realm on Highborn men on heral himself the noble Earl who in every season Faithfully heard and obeyed his Lord in word and deed nor gave to any what might be wanted by the nation’s

King this year also was Earl heral hallow to King but he enjoyed little Tranquility therein the while that he wielded the kingdom ad. 1065 and the man slaying was honesty Bartholomew’s Mass day and then after Michael’s Mass all the THS in Yorkshire went to York and there slew all Earl

Toy’s household servants whom they might hear of and took his treasures and toasty was then at brickford with the King and then very soon thereafter was a great council at Northampton and then at Oxford on the day of Simon and Jude and there was Harold the Earl and would work

Their reconciliation if he might but he could not but all his ear and him unanimously forsook and outlawed and all who with him lawlessness upheld because he robbed God first and all those bereaved over whom he had power of life and of land and they then took to

Themselves morer for Earl and toasty went then overse SE and his wife with him to Baldwin’s land and they took up their winter Residence at St Omar’s ad 1,66 this year came King Harold from York to Westminster on the Easter succeeding the midwinter when the King

Edward died Easter was then on the 16th day before the calends of May then was over all England such a token seen as no man ever saw before some men said that it was the comet star which others denominate the long-haired star it appeared first on the Eve called Latania

Major that is on the eth before the calend off May and so shown all the week soon after this came in Earl toasty from Beyond sea into the aisle of white with as large a fleet as he could get and he was there supplied with money and Provisions then he proceeded and

Committed outrages Everywhere by the Sea Coast where he could land until he came to sandwich when when it was told King Herold who was in London that his brother toasty was come to sandwich he gathered so large a force Naval and Military as no king before collected in

This land for it was credibly reported that Earl William from Normandy King Edward’s cousin would come hither and gain this land just as it afterwards happened when tosty understood that King heral was on the way to sandwich he departed then and took some of the boatmen with him willing and unwilling

And went North into the the Humber with 60 skips whence he plundered in Lindsay and there slew many good men when the Earls Edwin and morer understood that they came hither and drove him from the land and The Boatman forsook him then he went to Scotland with 12

Smacks and the king of the Scots entertained him and aided him with provisions and he Abode there all the summer there met him Herold king of Norway with 300 ships and toasty submitted to to him and became his man 87 then came King heral 88 to sandwich

Where he awaited his Fleet for it was long air it could be collected but when it was assembled he went into the aisle of white and there lay all the summer in the Autumn there was also a land Force Everywhere by the Sea though it availed

Not in the end it was now the Nativity of St Mary when the provisioning of the men began and no man could keep them there any longer they therefore had leave to go home and the King rode up and the ships were driven to London but many perished there they came thither

When the ships were come home then came Herold king of Norway North into the th unawares with a very great sea Force no small one that might be with 300 ships or more and Earl tosty came to him with all those that he had got just as they

Had before said and they both then went up with all the fleet along the oo toward York 89 when it was told King Harold in the south after he had come from the ships that Harold king of Norway and Earl tosy were come up near York then went he northward by day and

Night as soon as he could collect his army but a King Harold could come thither the ears Edwin and morer had gathered from their eroms as great a force as they could get and fought with the Enemy 90 they made a great Slaughter too but there was a good number of the

English people slain and drowned and put to flight and the Northman had possession of the field of battle it was then told Herold King of the English that this had thus happened and this fight was on the eve of St Matthew the Apostle which was Wednesday then after the fight went

Herald king of Norway and Earl tosy into York with as many followers as they thought fit and having procured hostages and Provisions from the city they proceeded to their ships and proclaimed full friendship on condition that all would go Southward with them and gain this land in the midst of this came

Herold King of the English with all his army on the Sunday to tadcaster where he collected his Fleet then he proceeded on Monday throughout York but Harold king of Norway and Earl tosty with their forces were gone from their ships Beyond York to Stanford bridge for that it was

Given them to understand that hostages would be brought to them there from all the Shire thither came Herold King of the English unawares against them beyond the bridge and they closed together there and continued long in the day fighting very severely there was slain Herold the fair-haired king of Norway and Earl

Tosty and a multitude of people with them both of Normans and English 91 and the Normans that were left fled from the English who slew them hotly behind until some came to their ships some were drowned some burned to death and thus variously destroyed so that there was

Little left and the English gained possession of the field but there was one of the Norwegians who withstood the English folk so that they could not pass over the bridge nor complete the victory an Englishman aimed at him with a javelin but it availed nothing then came

Another under the bridge who pierced him terribly inwards under the coat of mail and Herold King of the English then came over the bridge followed by his army and there they made a great Slaughter both of the Norwegians and of the Flemings but Herold let the kingk son

Edmund go home to Norway with all the ships he also gave quarter to olavi the Norwegian King’s son and to their bishop and to the Earl of the ormes and to all those that were left in the ships who then went up to our King and took OES

That they would ever maintain faith and friendship unto this land whereupon the king let them go home with 24 ships these two general battles were fought within 5 Knights meantime Earl William came up from Normandy into pavy on the eve of St Michael’s mass and soon after his Landing was affected they

Constructed a castle at the Port of Hastings this was then told to King Herold and he gathered a large force and came to meet him at the Estuary of appor William however came against him unawares a his army was collected but the king nevertheless very hardly encountered him with the men that would

Support him and there was a great Slaughter made on either side there was slain King Harold and Leavin his brother and Earl girth his brother with many good men and the Frenchmen gained the field of battle as God granted them for the sins of the nation Archbishop aldred

And the corporation of London were then desirous of having child Edgar to King as he was quite natural to them and Edwin and morer promised them that they would fight with them but the more prompt the business should ever be so was it from day to day the later and

Worse as in the end it all fared this battle was fought on the day of Pope kius and Earl William returned to Hastings and waited there to know whether the people would submit to him but when he found that they would not come to him he went up with all his

Force that was left and that came since to him from oversee and ravaged all the country that he overran until he came to Burk Hampstead where Archbishop aldrid came to meet him with child Edgar and Earls Ed morer and all the best men from London who submitted then for need when

The most harm was done it was very ill advised that they did not so before seeing that God would not better things for our sins and they gave him hostages and took Oaths and he promised them that he would be a faithful Lord to them though in the midst of this they

Plundered wherever they went then on midwinter’s day Archbishop aldred hallowed him to King at Westminster and gave him possession with the books of Christ and also swore him he that he would set the crown on his head that he would so well govern this nation as any

Before him best did if they would be faithful to him never heed as he laid very heavy tribute on men and in Lent went oversea to Normandy taking with him Archbishop stigant and Abba alnoth of glastenbury and the child Edgar and the Earls Edwin morer and wal thief and many

Other good men of England Bishop odone Earl William lived here afterward words and rought castles widely through this country and harassed the miserable people and ever since has evil increased very much may the end be good when God will in that same Expedition 92 was leafre Abbot of Peterboro who sickened

There and came home and died soon after on the night of all Hass God honor his soul in his day was all Bliss and all good at Peterboro he was beloved by all so that that the king gave to St Peter and him The Abbey at Burton and that at Coventry

Which the ear Le africk who was his uncle had formerly made with that of kyland and that of thorny he did so much good to the minster of Peterboro in gold and in silver and in Shroud and in land as no other ever did before him nor anyone after him but now was

Gildenborough become a wretched burrow the monks then chose for Abbott Provost brand because he was a very good man and very wise and sent him to Edgar etheling for that the land folk supposed that he should be king and the etheling received him gladly when King William

Heard say that he was very wroth and said that the Abbott had renounced him but good men went between them and reconciled them because the Abbott was a good man he gave the king 40 marks of gold for his reconciliation and he lived but a little while after only 3 years afterwards came

All wretchedness and all evil to the Minster God have mercy on it ad. 1066 this year died King Edward and Harold the Earl succeeded to the kingdom and held it 40 weeks and one day and this year came William and won England and in this year Christ Church

Canterbury was burned and this year appeared a comet on the 14th before the Cal of May ad. 1066 and then he toasty went then and did harm Everywhere by the Sea Coast where he could land as far as sandwich then was it made known to King

Herold who was in London that toasty his brother was come to sandwich then gathered he so great a ship force and also a land Force as no King here in the land had before gathered because it had been soothly said unto him that William the Earl from Normandy King Edward’s Kinsman would

Come hither and subdue this land all as it afterward happened when toasty learned that King Herold was on his way to sandwich then went he from sandwich and took some of the boatmen with him some willingly and some unwillingly and went then North into Humber and there ravaged and Lindsay and

There slew many good men when Edwin the Earl and morar the Earl understood that then came they thither and drove him out of the land and he went then to Scotland and the king of Scots protected him and assisted him with provisions and he there abod all the summer then came King

Heral to sandwich and there awaited his Fleet because it was long before it could be gathered together and when his fleet was gathered together then went he into the aisle of white and there lay all the summer and the Harvest and a land force was kept Everywhere by the

Sea though in the end it was of no benefit when it was the Nativity of St Mary then were the men’s Provisions gone and no man could any longer keep them there then were the men allowed to go home and the King rode up and the ships were dispatched to London and many

Perished before they came therei when the ships had reached home then came King Herold from Norway North into th and unawares with a very large ship force and no small one that might be or more and toasty the Earl came to him with all that he had gotten all as they

Had before agreed and then they went both with all the fleet along the uz up towards York then was it made known to King Harold in the South as he was come from on shipboard that Harold king of Norway and tosty the Earl were landed near York then went he northward day and

Night as quickly as he could gather his forces then before that King Harald could come thither then gathered Edwin the Earl morar the Earl from their erom as great a force as they could get together and they fought against the Army and made great Slaughter and there

Was much of the English people slain and drowned and driven away in flight and the northmen had possession of the place of Carnage and this fight was on the vigil of a Matthew the Apostle and it was Wednesday and then after the fight went Harold king of Norway and tosty the Earl

Into York with as much people as seemed meat to them and they delivered hostages to them from the city and also assisted them with provisions and so they went then to their ships and they agreed upon a full piece so that they should all go with himself South and this land

Subdue then during this came Herold King of the angles with all his forces on the Sunday to tadcaster and there Drew up his force and went then on Monday throughout York and heral king of Norway and tosty the Earl and their forces were gone from their ships Beyond York to

Stanford Bridge because it had been promised them for a certainty that there from all the Shire hostages should be brought to meet them then came heral World King of the English against them unawares beyond the bridge and they there joined battle and very strenuously for a long time of the day continued

Fighting and there was Herold king of Norway and tosty the Earl slain and numberless of the people with them as well of the northmen as of the English and the Northman fled from the English then was there one of the Norwegians who withstood the English people so that

They might not pass over the bridge nor obtain the victory then an English man aimed at him with a javelin but availed nothing and then came another under the bridge and pierced him terribly inwards under the coat of mail then came Herold King of the English over the bridge and

His forces onward with him and there made great Slaughter as well of Norwegians as of Flemings and the King’s son Edmund heral let go home to Norway with all the ships ad 1066 in this year was consecrated the min Min at Westminster on chass day and

King Edward died on the eve of 12th day and he was buried on 12th Day within the newly consecrated church at Westminster and Herold the Earl succeeded to the kingdom of England even as the king had granted it to him and Men also had chosen him there too and he

Was crowned as King on 12th day and that same year that he became king he went out with a fleet against William Earl of Normandy and the while came toasty the Earl into number with 60 ships Edwin the Earl came with a land force and drove

Him out and The Boatman forsook him and he went to Scotland with 12 vessels and Harold the king of Norway met him with 300 ships and toasty submitted to him and they both went into Humber until they came to York and morar the Earl and Edwin the Earl fought against them and

The king of the Norwegians had the Victory and it was made known to King Herold how it there was done and had happened and he came there with a great Army of English men and met him at Stanford bridge and slew him and the Earl toasty and boldly overcame all the

Army and the while William the Earl landed at Hastings oneste Michael’s day and Harold came from the north and fought against him before all his army had come up and there he fell and his two brothers girth and leafin and William subdued this land and he came to Westminster and

Archbishop aldrid consecrated him King and Men paid him tribute delivered him hostages and afterwards bought their land and then was Leaf Abbott of Peterboro in that same Expedition and there he sickened and came home and was dead soon thereafter on all Hallow’s Mass night God be

Merciful to his soul in his day was all Bliss and all good in Peterboro and he was dear to all people so that the king gave to EST Peter and to him the absy at Burton and that of Coventry which leop the Earl who was his uncle before had

Made and that of croland and that of thorny and he conferred so much of good upon the minster of Peterboro in gold and in silver and in vestments and in land as never any other did before him nor any after him after golden burrow became a wretched burrow then chose the

Monks for Abbot bran the Provost by reason that he was a very good man and very wise and sent him then to edar the etheling by reason that the people of the land supposed that he should become king and the etheling granted it him then gladly when King William heard say that then

Was he very wroth and said that the Abbott had despised him then went good men between them and reconciled them by reason that the Abbott was a good man then gave he the king 40 marks of gold for a Reconciliation and then thereafter lived he a little while but 3 years

Years after that came every tribulation and every evil to the Minster God have mercy on it ad 1,067 this year came the king back again to England on St Nicholas’s day and the same day was burned the Church of Christ at Canterbury Bishop wolf also died and is buried at his sea in

Dorchester the child edric and the Britain were unsettled this year and fought with the castlen at Herford and did them much harm the king this year imposed a heavy Guild on the wretched people but not withstanding let his men always plunder all the country that they went over and then he marched to

Devenshire and beset the city of exiter 18 days there were many of his army slain out he had promised them well and performed ill and the citizens surrendered the city because the THS had betrayed them this Summer the child Edgar departed with his mother Agatha and his two sisters SS Margaret and

Christina and Merl Swain and many good men with them and came to Scotland under the protection of King Malcolm who entertained them all then began King Malcolm to yearn after the child’s Sister Margaret to wife but he and all his men long refused and she also herself was averse

And said that she would neither have him nor anyone else if the supreme power would grant that she in her maidenhood might please the mighty Lord with a carnal heart in this short life in pure continence the king however earnestly urged her brother until he answered yeah

And indeed he Durst not otherwise for they were come into his kingdom so that then it was fulfilled as God had long air fores showed and else it could not be as he himself Seth in his gospel that not even a sparrow on the ground may fall without his fores showing the

Preent Creator whisked long before what he of her would have done for for that she should increase the glory of God in this land lead the king AR right from the path of error Bend him and his people together to a better way and suppressed the bad Customs which the

Nation formerly followed all which she afterwards did the king therefore received her though it was against her will and was pleased with her manners and thanked God who in his might had given him such a match he wisely be thought himself as he was a prudent man

And turned himself to God and renounced all impurity accordingly as the Apostle Paul the teacher of all the gentries Seth salv in fidis prum fidum sik E Muer in fidis pirum fidum ETC that is in our language full off the unbelieving husband is Sanctified and healed through

The believing wife and so belike the wife through the believing husband this queen of fores said performed afterwards many useful deeds in this land to the glory of God and also in her Royal Estate she well conducted herself as her nature was of a faithful and Noble kin

Was she sprung her father was Edward etheling son of King Edmund Edmund was the son of eeled Ethel red the son of Edgar Edgar the son of edred and so forth in that Royal Line and her maternal Kindred goeth to the Emperor Henry who had the sovereignty over Rome

This year went out githa herold’s mother and the wives of many good men with her to the flat home and there Abode some time and so departed then oversea to St Omar’s this Easter came the king to Winchester and Easter was then on the 10th before the calends of April soon

After this came the lady Matilda hither to this land an Archbishop Eldred hallowed her to Queen at Westminster on wit Sunday then it was told the king that the people in the North had gathered themselves together and would stand against him if he came whereupon he went to Nottingham and rought there a

Castle and so Advanced to York and there rought two castles and the same at Lincoln and everywhere in that quarter then Earl gas spatrick and the best men went into Scotland amidst this came one of Harold’s sons from Ireland with a naval Force into the mouth of the Avon

Unawares and plundered soon over all that quarter whence they went to Bristol and would have stormed the town but the people bravely withstood them when they could gain nothing from the town they went to their ships with the booty which they had acquired by plunder and then they Advanced upon Somerset here and

There went up and edof master of the horse fought with them but he was there slain and many good men on either side and those that were left departed then ad 1,68 this year King William gave Earl Robert the earldom over Northumberland but the landsmen attacked

Him in the town of Durham and slew him and 900 men with him soon afterwards Edgar eing came with all the north umbrians to York and the townsmen made a treaty with him but King William came from the south unawares on them with a large army and put them to flight and

Slew on the spot those who could not Escape which were many hundred men and plundered the Town St Peter’s Minster he made a profanation and all other places also he despoiled and trampled upon and the eing went back again to Scotland after this came Harold’s sons from Ireland about midsummer with 64

Ships into the mouth of the Taft where they unwarily landed and Earl Brion came unawares against them with a large army and fought with them and slew there all the best men that were in the fleet and the others being small forces escaped to the ships and Harold’s Sons went back to

Ireland again ad 1,069 this year died aldred Archbishop of York and he is there buried at his sea he died on on the day of protus and hyacinthus having held the sea with much dignity 10 years wanting only 15 weeks soon after this came from Denmark three

Of the sons of King Swain with 240 ships together with Earl esorn and Earl thurl into the Humber where they were met by the child Edgar and Earl wal thief and Merl Swain and Earl gas spatrick with the North umbrians and all the land’s men riding and marching full merrily

With an immense Army and so all unanimously Advanced to York where they stormed and demolished the castle and won innumerable Treasures therein slew there many hundreds of Frenchmen and led many with them to the ships but there that the shipmen came thither the Frenchmen had burned the city and also

The holy minster of St Peter had they entirely plundered and destroyed with fire when the king heard this then went he northward with all the force that he could collect despoiling and laying waste the Shire with all whilst the fleet lay all the wi in the Humber where

The king could not come at them the King was in York on Christmas Day and so all the winter on land and came to Winchester at Easter Bishop eel who was at Peterboro was this year betrayed and led to Westminster and his brother eel wine was outlawed this year also died brand Abbot

Of Peterboro on the 5ifth before the calends of December ad 1,070 this year Lan Frank who was Abbot of came to England and after a few days he became Archbishop of Canterbury he was invested on the 4th before the calends of September in his own Sea by eight Bishops his

Suffragans the others who were not there by Messengers and by letter declared why they could not be there the same year Thomas who was chosen Bishop of York came to Canterbury to be invested there after the ancient custom but when L frank craved confirmation of his obedience with an oath he refused and

Said that he ought not to do it whereupon Archbishop Lan Frank was wroth and baade the Bishops who were come thither by Archbishop Lan frankk command to do the service and all the monks to unrobe themselves and they by his order so did Thomas therefore for the time departed without

Consecration soon after this it happened that the Archbishop Lan Frank went to Rome and Thomas with him when they came thither and had spoken about other things concerning which they wished to speak then began Thomas his speech how he came to Canterbury and how the Archbishop required Obedience of him

With an oath but he declined it then began the Archbishop Lan Frank to show with clear distinction that what he craved he craved by right and with strong arguments he confirmed the same before the pope Alexander and before all the council that was collected there and

So they went home after this came Thomas to Canterbury and all that the Archbishop required of him he humbly fulfilled and afterwards received consecration this year Earl wal Thief agreed with the King but in the lent of the same year the king ordered all the monasteries in England to be plundered

In the same year came King Swain from Denmark into the Humber and the lands men came to meet him and made a treaty with him thinking that he would overrun the land then came into El chrisan the Danish bishop and Earl Osburn and the Danish domestics with them and the

English people from all the fun lands came to them supposing that they should win all that land then the monks of Peterboro heard say that their own men would plunder the Minster namely her Ward and his gang because they understood that the king had given the

Absy to a French Abbot whose name was Thorold that he was a very Stern man and was then come into Stamford with all his Frenchmen now there was a church Warden whose name was aware who took away by night all that he could Testaments Mass hackles cantel copes and reefs and such

Other small things whatsoever he could and went early before day to the Abbot Thorold telling him that he sought his protection and informing him how the Outlaws were coming to Peterboro and that he did all by advice of the monks early in the morning came all the Outlaws with many ships resolving to

Enter the Minster but the monks withstood so that they could not come in then they laid on fire and burned all the houses of the monks and all the town except one house then came they in through fire at the bulli gate where the monks met them and besought peace of

Them but they regarded nothing they went into the Minster climbed up to the holy rad took away the diadem from our Lord’s head all of pure gold and seized the bracket that was underneath his feet which was all of Red Gold they climbed up to the steeple brought down the table

That was hid there which was all of gold and silver seized two golden shrines and nine of silver and took away 15 large crucifixes of gold and of silver in short They seized there so much gold and silver and so many Treasures in money in reignment and in books as no man could

Tell another and said that they did it from their attachment to the Minster afterwards they went to their ships proceeded to elely and deposited there all the treasure the Danes believing that they should overcome the Frenchmen drove out all the monks leaving their only one whose name

Was lefin Lang who lay sick in the infirmary then came Abbott thoral and 8 times 20 Frenchmen with him all full armed when he came thither he found all within and without consumed by fire except the church alone but the Outlaws were all with the fleet knowing that he

Would come thither this was done on the fourth day before the known of June the two kings William and Swain were now reconciled and the Danes went out of elely with all the afores said treasure and carried it away with them but when they came into the middle of the sea

There came a violent storm and dispersed all the ships wherein the treasures were some went to Norway some to Ireland some to Denmark all that reached the ladder consisted of the table and some shrines and some crucifixes and many of the other Treasures which they brought to a

King’s town called and deposited it all there in the church afterwards through their own carelessness and through their drunkenness in one night the church and all that was therein was consumed by fire thus was the minster of Peterboro burned and plundered almighty God have mercy on it through his great

Goodness thus came the Abbott thoral to Peterboro and the monks to returned and performed the service of Christ in the church which had before stood a full week with without any kind of right when Bishop Al heard it he excommunicated all the men who that evil deed had done

There was a Great Famine this year and in the summer came the fleet in the north from the Humber into the temps and lay there two nights and made afterwards for Denmark Burl Baldwin also died and his son Arnold succeeded to the earldom Burl William in conjunction with the

King of the Franks was to be his Guardian but Earl Robert came and slew his Kinsman Arnold and the Earl put the king to flight and slew many thousands of his men ad 1,071 this year Earl Edwin and Earl morer fled out 93 and roamed at random in woods and in

Fields then went Earl morer to El by ship but Earl Edwin was treacherously slain by his own men then came bishop awine and Seward barn and many hundred men with them into elely when King William heard that then ordered he out and Naval force and land force and beset

The land all about and rought a bridge and went in and the naval Force at the same time on the seaside and the Outlaws then all surrendered that was Bishop alwine and Earl morer and all that were with them except here Ward 94 alone and all those

That would join him whom he led out triumphantly and the King took their ships and weapons and many Treasures 95 and all the men he disposed of as he thought proper Bishop alwine he sent to Aban where he died in the beginning of the winter ad

172 this year King William led a naval force and a land Force to Scotland and beset that land on the seaside with ships whilst he led his land force in at the Tweed 96 but he found nothing there of any value King Malcolm however came and made peace with King William and

Gave hostages and became his man whereupon the king returned home with all his Force this year died Bishop hich he had been invested Bishop of York but that sea was unjustly taken from him and he then had the bishoprick of Durham given him which he held as long as he

Chose but resigned it afterwards and retired to Peterboro Minster where he Abode 12 years after that King William won England then took he him from Peterboro and sent him to Westminster where he died di on the Ides of October and he is there buried within the Minster in the porch of St

Nicholas ad 173 this year LED King William an army English and French oversee and won the District of Maine which the English very much injured by destroying The Vineyards burning the towns and spoiling the land but they subdued it all into the hand of King William and afterwards returned home to England ad

174 this year King William went oversea to Normandy and child Edgar came from Flanders into Scotland on St grimble’s Mass day where King Malcolm and his sister Margaret received him with much pomp at the same time sent Phillip the king of France a letter to him bidding

Him to come to him and he would give him the castle of montrel that he might afterwards daily annoy his enemies what then King Malcolm and his sister Margaret gave him and his men great presents and many Treasures in skins ornamented with purple in pises made of Martin skins of gray skins and

Of Herman skins in PS and in vessels of gold and silver and conducted him and his crew with great PP from his territory but in their Voyage evil befell them for when they were out at Sea there Came Upon them such rough weather and the stormy sea and the

Strong wind drove them so violently on the shore that all their ships burst and and they also themselves came with difficulty to the land their treasure was nearly all lost and some of his men also were taken by the French but he himself and his best men returned again

To Scotland some roughly traveling on foot and some miserably mounted then King Malcolm advised him to send to King William oversea to request his friendship which he did and the King gave it him and sent after him again therefore King Malcolm and his sister gave him and all his men number

Treasures and again conducted him very magnificently from their territory the sheriff of York came to meet him at Durham and went all the way with him ordering meat and fodder to be found for him at every Castle to which they came until they came oversea to the

King then King William received him with much Pomp and he was there afterwards in his court enjoying such rights as he confirmed to him by law ad 175 this year King William gave Earl Ralph the daughter of William Fitz Osborne to wife this same Ralph was British on his mother’s side but his

Father whose name was also Ralph was English and born in norfol the king therefore gave his son the earlom of norfol and Sauk and he then led the bride to Norwich there was that bride Al the source of man’s baale there was Earl Roger and Earl wal thief

And Bishops and Abbotts who there resolved that they would drive the king out of the realm of England but it was soon told the king in Normandy how it was determined it was Earl Roger and Earl Ralph who were the authors of that plot and who enticed the Britains to them and

Sent Eastward to Denmark after a fleet to assist them Roger went Westward to his earlom and collected his people there to the kingk annoyance as he thought but it was to the great disadvantage of himself he was however prevented Ralph also in his earldom would go forth with his people but the

Castlen that were in England and also the people of the land came against him and prevented him from doing anything he escaped however to the ships at Norwich 97 and his wife was in the castle which she held until peace was made with her when she went out of England with all

Her men who wished to join her the king afterwards came to England and seized Earl Roger his relative and put him in prison and ear wal Thief went oversea and bered himself but he asked forgiveness and proferred Gifts of Ransom the king however let him off

Lightly until he 98 came to England when he had him seized soon after that came East from Denmark 200 ships wherein were two captains nut swainson and Earl hacko but they dur not maintain a fight with King William they went rather to York and broke into Ste Peter’s min and took

Therein much treasure and so went away they made for Flanders oversea but they all perished who were privy to that design that was the son of Earl hacko and many others with him this year died the lady EA who was the relict of king Edward seven nights before Christmas at

Winchester and the King caused her to be brought to Westminster with great Pomp and he laid her with King Edward her Lord and the King was then at Westminster at midwinter where all the Britain were condemned who were at the bridale at Norwich some were punished with

Blindness some were driven from the land and some were towed to Scandinavia so were the traitors of King William subdued ad 1,76 this year died Swain king of Denmark and Harold his son took to the kingdom and the King gave the Abbey of Westminster to Abbott vitales who had

Been Abbott of ber this year also was Earl wal Thief beheaded at Winchester on the mass day of St petronilla 99 and his body was carried to kland where he lies buried King William now went oversea and led his army to Britany and beset the castle of Dole but the Britain defended

It until the king came from France whereupon William departed then having lost their both men and horses and many of his treasures ad 1,077 this year were reconciled the king of the Franks and William King of England but it continued only a little while this year was London burned one

Night before the Assumption of St Mary so terribly as it never was before since it was built this year the moon was eclipsed three nights before Candelas and in the same year died aoi The Prudent Abbot of IAM on the 14th day before the calends of March on the mass day of St

Juliana and Walter was appointed Abbott in his dead and Bishop Herman also died on the 10th day before the calends of March who was Bishop in birkshire and in Wilshire and indorser this year also King Malcolm won the mother of mlav and all his best men and all his

Treasures and his cattle and he himself not easily escaped this year also was the dry summer and wild fire Came Upon many shires and burned many towns and also many cities were ruined thereby ad 1,079 this year Robert the son of King William deserted from his father to his

Uncle Robert in Flanders because his father would not let him govern his earlom in Normandy which he himself and also King Philip with his permission had given him the best men that were in the land also had sworn Oaths of allegiance to him and taken him for their lord this

Year therefore Robert fought with his father without Normandy by a castle called gerberoy and and wounded him in the hand and his horse that he sat upon was killed under him and he that brought him another was killed there right with a dart that was tukki wigets son many

Were there slain and also taken his son William too was there wounded but Robert returned to Flanders we will not here however record any more injury that he did his father this year came King Malcolm from Scotland into England betwix the two festivals of a Mary with a large army

Which plundered Northland till it came to the time and slew many hundreds of men and carried home much coin and treasure and men in captivity ad 1,080 this year was Bishop Walker slain in Durham at a council and 100 men with him French and Flemish he himself was born in

Lorraine this did the North umbrians in the month of May 100 ad 1,081 this year the king led an army into Wales and there freed many hundreds of men ad 1,082 this year the king seized Bishop Odo and this year also was a Great Famine ad 1,083 this year arose the tumult at

Glastenbury betwix the Abbott thirston and his monks it proceeded first from the Abbott’s want of wisdom that he misgoverned his monks in many things but the monks meant well to him and told him that he should govern them rightly and love them and they would be faithful and

Obedient to him the Abbot however would hear nothing of this but evil entreated them and threatened them worse one day the Abbott went into the chapter house and spoke against the monks and attempted to mislead them 101 and sent after some Layman and they came full armed into the chapter house upon the

Monks then were the the monks very much afraid 102 of them and whisked not what they were to do but they shot forward and some ran into the church and locked the doors after them but they followed them into the Minster and resolved to drag them out so that they Durst not go

Out a ruthful thing happened on that day the Frenchmen broke into the choir and hurled their weapons toward the altar where the monks were and some of the knights went upon the Upper Floor 103 and shot their arrows downward incessantly toward the sanctuary so that on the crucifix that stood above the

Altar they stuck many arrows and The Wretched monks lay about the Altar and some crept under and earnestly called upon God imploring his Mercy since they could not obtain any at the hands of men what can we say but that they continue to shoot their arrows whilst the others broke down the

Doors and came in and slew 104 some of the monks to death and wounded many there in so that the blood came from the altar upon the steps and from the steps on the floor three that were slain to death and 18 wounded and in this same year departed Matilda queen of King

William on the day after all Hass and in the same year also after midwinter the king ordained a large and heavy contribution 105 over all England that was upon each height of land 2 and 70 P ad 1,084 4 in this year died wolf wal Abbot of chiry on the 13th day

Before the calends of May ad 1,085 in this year men reported and of a truth asserted that nut king of Denmark son of King Swain was coming hitherward and was resolved to win this land with the assistance of Robert Burl of Flanders 106 for nut had Robert’s daughter when William King of England

Who was then resident in Normandy for he had both England and Normandy understood this he went into England with so large an army of horse and foot from France and britainy has never before sought this land so that men wondered how this land could feed all that Force but the

King left the Army to shift for themselves through all this land amongst his subjects who fed them each according to his quot of land men suffered much distress this year and the King caused the land to be laid waste about the sea Coast that if his foes came up they

Might not have anything on which they could very readily seize but when the king understood of a truth that his foes were impeded and could not further their expedition 107 then let he some of the army go to their own land but some he held in this land over the winter then

At the midwinter was the king in Glouster with his counsel and held there his court 5 days and afterwards the Archbishop and clergy had a sinate 3 days there was macius chosen Bishop of London William of Norfolk and Robert of chesher these were all the king’s

Clerks after this had the king a large meeting and very deep consultation with his Council about this land how it was occupied and by what sort of men then sent he his men over all England into each Shire commissioning them to find out how many hundreds of hides were in

The Shire what land the king himself had and what stock upon the land or what dues he ought to have by the Year from the Shire also he commissioned them to record in writing how much land his archbishops had and his diois and Bishops and his Abbotts and his Earls

And though I may be prolix and tedious what or how much each man had who was an occupier of land in England either in land or in stock and how much money it were worth so very narrowly indeed did he commission them to trace it out that

There there was not one single hide nor a yard 108 of land nay moreover it is shameful to tell though he thought it no shame to do it not even an ox nor a cow nor a swine was there left that was not set down in his writ and all the

Recorded particulars were afterwards brought to him 109 ad 1,86 this year the king bare his crown and held his court in Winchester at East and he so arranged that he was by the Pentecost at Westminster and dubbed his son Henry a knight there afterwards he

Moved about so that he came by lus to sarum where he was met by his counselors and all the lands men that were of any account over all England became this man’s vassals as they were and they all bowed themselves before him and became his men and swore him OES of

Allegiance that they would against all other men be faithful to him then he proceed ceeded into the aisle of white because he wished to go into Normandy and so he afterwards did though he first did according to his custom he collected a very large sum from his people

Wherever he could make any demand whether with Justice or otherwise then he went into Normandy and Edgar eing the relation of king Edward revolted from him for he received not much honor from him but May the Almighty God give him honor Hereafter and Christina the sister of the etheling

Went into the monastery of Ramsey and received the Holy Veil and the same year there was a very heavy season and a swing full and sorrowful year in England in M of cattle and corn and fruits were at a stand and so much uness in the

Weather as a man may not easily think so tremendous was the thunder and lightning that it killed many men and it continually grew worse and worse with men may God Almighty better it whenever it be his will ad 1,000 87 after the birth of our Lord and

Savior Christ 1087 Winters in the 1 and 20th year after William began to govern and direct England as God granted him was a very heavy and pestilent season in this land such a sickness came on men that full nigh every other man was in the worst disorder that is in the

Diarrhea and that so dreadfully that many men died in the disorder afterwards came through the Badness of the weather as we before mentioned so great a famine over all England that many hundreds of men died a miserable death through hunger alas how wretched and how ruthful a time

Was there when the poor wretches lay full night driven to death prematurely and afterwards came sharp hunger and dispatched them with all who will not be penetrated with grief at such a season or who is so hard-hearted as not to weep at such Misfortune yet such things happen for

Folks sins that they will not love God and righteousness so it was in those days that little righteousness was in this land with any men but with the monks alone wherever they fared well the king in the head men loved much and over much covetousness in gold and in silver and

Wrecked not how sinfully it was got provided it came to them the king L his land at as high a rate as he possibly could then came some other person and bade more than the former one gave and the king led it to the men that ba him

More then came the third and ba yet more and the king led it to hand to the men that bade him most of all and he wrecked not how very sinfully the stewards got it of wretched men nor how many unlawful Deeds they did but the more men spake

About right law the more unlawfully they acted they erected unjust tolls and many other unjust things they did that are difficult to reckon also in the same year before harvest the holy minster of a Paul the Episcopal sea in London was completely burned with many other minst

And the greatest part and the richest of the whole city so also about the same time full nigh each head port in all England was entirely burned Alas ruul and woful was the fate of the year that brought forth so many misfortunes in the same year also before

The Assumption of a Mary King William went from Normandy into to France with an army and made War upon his own Lord Philip the king and slew many of his men and burned the town of man and all the holy minsters that were in the town and

Two holy men that served God leading the life of anac coret were burned therein this being thus done King William returned to Normandy ruthful was the thing he did but a more ruthful him befell how more ruthful he fell sick and it dreadfully ailed him what shall I say

Sharp death that passes by neither rich men nor poor seized him also he died in Normandy on the next day after the Nativity of St Mary and he was buried at can in his te Steven Minster which he had formerly reared and afterwards endowed with manifold gifts

Alas how false and how uncertain is this world’s wheel he that was before a rich King and Lord of Many Lands had not then of all his land more than a space of 7 ft and he that was wum and shrouded in Gold and Gems lay there covered with

Mold he left behind him three sons the eldest called Robert who was Earl in Normandy after him the second called William who wore the crown after him in England and the third called Henry to whom his father bequeathed immense treasure if any person wishes to know

What kind of man he was or what honor he had or of how many lands he was Lord then will we write about him as well as we understand him we who often looked upon him and lived sometime in his court this King William then that we speak

About was a very wise man and very rich more Splendid and powerful than any of his predecessors were he was mild to the good men that loved God and beyond all measure severe to the men that gainsay his will on that same spot where God granted him that he should gain England

He reared a mighty Minster and set monks therein and well endowed it in his days was the great Monastery in Canterbury built and also very many others over all England this land was moreover well filled with monks who modeled their lives after the rule of St Benedict but

Such was the state of Christianity in his time that each man followed What belonged to his profession he that would he was also very dignified Thrice he bear his crown each year as often as he he was in England at Easter he buried in Winchester at Pentecost in Westminster at midwinter in

Glower and then were with him all the rich men over all England archbishops and diois and Bishops abbots and Earls fs and knights so very stern was he also and hot that no man Durst do anything against his will he had Earls in his custody who acted against his will

Bishops he hurled from their Bishop Pricks and abbots from their abses and THS into prison at length he spared not his own brother Odo who was a very rich Bishop in Normandy at B was his Episcopal stall and he was the foremost Man Of All To aiz The King he had an

Earldom in England and when the King was in Normandy then was he the mightiest man in this land him he can find in prison but amongst other things is not to be forgotten that good peace that he made in this land so that a man of any

Account might go over his kingdom unhe hurt with his bosom full of gold no man Durst slay another had he never so much evil done to the other and if any chur lay with a woman against her will he soon lost the limb that he played with

He truly reigned over England and by his capacity so thoroughly surveyed it that there was not a height of land in England that he wied not who had it or what it was worth and afterwards set it down in his book 110 the land of the

Britain was in his power and he wrought castles therein and ruled Angeli with all so also he subdued Scotland by his great strength as to Normandy that was his native land but he reigned also over the erom called Maine and if he might have yet lived two years more he would

Have won Ireland by his Valor and without any weapons assuredly in his time had men much distress and very many Sorrows castles he let men build and miserably SN the poor the king himself was so very rigid and extorted from his subjects many marks of gold and many

Hundred pounds of silver which he took of his people for little need by right and by unright he was fallen into covetousness and greediness he loved with all he made many deer parks and he established laws therewith so that whosoever slew a heart or a hind should

Be deprived of his eyesight as he forbade men to kill the hearts so also the bores and he loved the tall deer as if he were their father likewise he decreed by the hairs that they should go free his rich men bemoaned it and the

Poor men shuddered at it but he was so Stern that he wrecked not the hatred of them all for they must follow with all the king’s will if they would live or have land or possessions or even his peace alas that any man should presume so to

Puff himself self up and boast over all men May the Almighty God show Mercy to his soul and Grant him forgiveness of his sins these things have we written concerning him both good and evil that men may choose the good after their goodness and flee from the evil with all

And go in the way that lth us to the kingdom of heaven many things may we write that were done in this same year so it was in Denmark that the Danes a nation that was formerly accounted the truest of all were turned aside to the greatest untruth and to the greatest

Treachery that ever could be they chose and bowed to King nut and swore him Oaths and afterwards dastardly slew him in a church it happened also in Spain that the heathens went and made inroads upon the Christians and reduced much of the country to their Dominion but the

King of the Christians Alfonso by name sent everywhere into each land and desired assistance and they came to his support from every land land that was Christian and they went and slew or drove away all the Heathen folk and won their land again through God’s assistance in this land also in the same

Year died many rich men stigand Bishop of Chichester and the Abbot of a Augustine and the Abbot of bath and the Abbot of pure and the Lord of them all William King of England that we spoke of before after his death his son called William also as the father took to the

Kingdom and was blessed to King by Archbishop Lan Frank at Westminster 3 days Air miklus day and all the men in England submitted to him and swore Oaths to him this being thus done the king went to Winchester and opened the Treasure House and the treasures that

His father had gathered in gold and in silver and in vases and in Paws and in gems and in many other valuable things that are difficult to enumerate then the king did as his father father bade him air he was dead he there distributed Treasures for his

Father sold to each Monastery that was in England to some 10 marks of gold to some six to each Upland 111 Church 60 p and into each Shire were sent 100 of money to distribute amongst poor men for his soul and a he departed he baed that

They should release all the men that were in prison under his power and the King was on the midwinter in London ad 1,000 88 in this year was this land much stirred and filled with great treachery so that the richest Frenchmen that were in this land would betray their lord the

King and would have his brother Robert King who was Earl in Normandy in this design was engaged First bishop Odo and Bishop gosr and William Bishop of Durham so well did the King by the bishop Odo that all England fared according to his counsel and as he would and the bishop

Thought to do by him as Judas Iscariot did by our Lord and Earl Roger was also of this faction and much people was with him all Frenchmen this conspiracy was formed in Lent as soon as Easter came then went they forth and harrowed and burned and wasted the king’s farms and they

Despoiled the lands of all the men that were in the King’s Service and they each of them went to his castle and manned it and provisioned it as well as they could bishop gosr and Robert the peace breaker went to Bristol and plundered it and brought the spoil to the castle

Afterwards they went out of the castle and plundered bath and all the land thereabout and all the honor 112 of Berkeley they laid waste and the men that eldest were of Herford and all the Shire forth withth and the men of Shropshire with much people of Wales

Came and plundered and burned in werer until they came to the city itself which it was their design to set on fire and then to Rifle the Minster and win the kingk castle to their hands the worthy Bishop wolston seeing these things was much agitated in his mind because to him

Was Baken the custody of the castle nevertheless his hired men went out of the castle with few attendants and through God’s Mercy In The Bishop’s merits slew or took 500 men and put all the others to flight the bishop of Durham did all the harm that he could

Over all by the North AA was the name of one of them 113 who leaped into the castle at Norwich and did yet the worst of all over all that land Hugh also was one who did nothing better either in lestershire or in northamptonshire the bishop Odo being

One though of the same family from which the king himself was descended went into Kent to his erom and greatly despoiled it and having laid waste the lands of the king and of the Archbishop with all he brought the booty into his castle at Rochester when the king understood all these

Things and what treachery they were employing against him then was he in his mind much agitated he then sent after Englishman described to them his need earnestly requested their support and promised them the best laws that ever before were in this land each unright Guild he forbade and restored to the men their

Woods and Chasers but it stood no while the Englishmen however went to the assistance of the king their lord they advanced toward Rochester with a view to get possession of the bishop Odo for they thought if they had him who was at first the head of the conspiracy they

Might the better get possession of all the others they came then to the castle at Tunbridge and there were in the castle the Knights of Bishop Odo and many others who were resolved to hold it against the king but the Englishman Advanced and broke into the castle and

The men that were therein agreed with the king the king with his army went toward Rochester and they supposed that the bishop was therein but it was made known to the king that the bishop was gone to the castle at penia and the king with his army went

After and beset the castle about with a very large Force full 6 weeks during this time the Earl of Normandy Robert the king’s brother gathered a very considerable force and thought to win England with the support of those men that were in this land against the king

And he sent some of his men to this land intending to come himself after but the Englishmen that guarded the sea lighted upon some of the men and slew them and drowned more than any man could tell when Provisions afterwards failed those within the castle they earnestly

Besought peace and gave themselves up to the king and the bishop swore that he would depart out of England and no more come on this land unless the king sent after him and that he would give up the castle at Rochester just as the bishop was going

With an intention to give up the castle and the King had sent his men with him then arose the men that were in the castle and took the bishop and the kingk men and put them into prison in the castle were some very good Knights Eustace The Young and the Three Sons of

Earl Roger and all the best born men that were in this land or in Normandy when the king understood this thing then went he after with the army that he had there and sent over all England and baed that each man that was faithful should come to him French and English from

Seaport and from Upland then came to him much people and he went to Rochester and beset the castle until they that were therein agreed and gave up the castle the bishop Odo with the men that were in the castle went oversee and the bishop thus abandoned the

Dignity that he had in this land the king afterwards sent an army to Durham and allowed it to beset the castle and the bishop agreed and gave up the castle and relinquished his bishoprick and went to Normandy many Frenchmen also abandoned their land and went oversea and the King gave their lands to

The men that were faithful to him ad 1,089 in this year the venerable father in favor of monks Archbishop Lan Frank departed this life but we hope that he is gone to the Heavenly Kingdom there was also over all England much Earth stirring on the third day before the IDS

Of August and it was a very late here in corn and in every kind of fruits so that many men reaped their corn about martinus and yet later ad 1,090 indict ion 13 these things thus done just as we have already said above by the king and

By his brother and by this man the King was considering how he might wreak his Vengeance on his brother Robert harass him most and win Normandy of him and indeed through his craft or through bribery he got possession of the castle at St valer and the Haven and so he got

Possession of that at albam model and therein he he set his Knights and they did harm to the land in harrowing and burning after this he got possession of more castles in the land and therein lodged his Horsemen when the Earl of Normandy Robert understood that his

Sworn men deceived him and gave up their castles to do him harm then sent he to his Lord Philip King of the Franks and he came to Normandy with a large Army and the king and the Earl with an immense Force beset the castle about wherein were the men of the king of

England but the King William of England sent to Philip King of the Franks and he for his love or for his great treasure abandoned thus his subject the Earl Robert in his land and returned again to France and let them so remain and in the midst of these things this land was much

Oppressed by unlawful exactions and by many other misfortunes ad 1,091 in this year the King William held his court at Christmas in Westminster and thereafter at candle Miss he went for the annoyance of his brother out of England into Normandy whilst he was there their reconciliation took place on the

Condition that the Earl put into his hands FES champ and the earldom of O and sherberg and in addition to this that the King’s Men should be secure in the castles that they had won against the will of the Earl and the king in return promised him those many castles that

Their father had formerly won and also to reduce those that had revolted from the Earth also all that his father had there Beyond except those that he had then given the king and that all those that in England before for the Earl had lost their land should have it again by this

Treaty and that the Earl should have in England just so much as was specified in this agreement and if the Earl died without a son by lawful wedlock the king should be heir of all Normandy and by virtue of this same treaty if the king died the Earl should be heir of all

England to this treaty swore 12 of the best men of the king’s side and 12 of the Earls though it stood but a little while afterwards in the midst of this treaty was Edgar effing deprived of the land that the Earl had before permitted him

To keep in hand and he went out of Normandy to the king his sister’s husband in Scotland and to his sister whilst the King William was out of England the King Malcolm of Scotland came hither into England and overran a great deal of it until the good men that

Governed this land sent an AR Army against him and repulsed him when the King William in Normandy heard this then prepared he his departure and came to England and his brother the Earl Robert with him and he soon issued an order to collect a force both Naval and Military

But the naval Force ER it could come to Scotland perished almost miserably a few days before St Michael’s Massachusetts and the King and his brother proceeded with the land Force but when the King Malcolm heard that they were resolved to seek him with an army he went with his Force out of

Scotland into Lan in England and their Abode when the King William came near with his army then interceded between them Earl Robert and Edgar etheling and so made the Peace of the kings that the King Malcolm came to our King and did homage 114 promising all such obedience

As he formerly paid to his father and that he confirmed with an oath and the King William promised him in land and in all things whatever he formerly had under his father in this settlement was also Edgar etheling United with the king and the Kings then with much

Satisfaction departed yet that stood but a little while and the Earl Robert carried here full nigh until Christmas with the King and during this time found but little of the truth of their agreement and two days before that tide he took ship in the aisle of white and

Went into Normandy and Edgar etheling with him ad1 92 in this year the King William with a large army went North to carile and restored the town and reared the castle and drove out dolphin that before governed the land and set his own men in the castle and then returned hither

Southward and a vast number of rustic people with wives and with cattle he sent thither to dwell there in order to till the land ad 1,93 in this year during Lent was the King William at glower so sick that he was by all reported dead and in his

Illness he made many good promises to lead his own life a right to Grant peace and protection to the Churches of God and never more again with fee to sell to have none but righteous laws amongst his people the Archbishop Rick of Canterbury that before remained in his own hand he

Transferred to Anselm who was before Abbot of Beck to Robert his Chancellor the bishoprick of Lincoln and to many minsters he gave land but that he after Wards took away when he was better and an olded all the good laws that he promised us before then after this sent

The King of Scotland and demanded the Fulfillment of the treaty that was promised him and the King William cited him to glower and sent him hostages to Scotland and Edgar etheling afterwards and the men returned that brought him with great dignity to the king but when

He came to the king he could not be considered worthy either of our King’s Speech or of the conditions that were formerly promised him for this reason therefore they parted with great dissatisfaction and the King Malcolm returned to Scotland and soon after he came home he gathered his army and came

Harrowing into England with more hostility than behoved him and Robert the Earl of Northumberland surrounded him unawares with his men and slew him Morel of barnor slew him who was the Earl Steward and a baptismal friend 115 of King Malcolm with him was also slain Edward his son who after him should have

Been King if he had lived when the good Queen Margaret heard this her most beloved Lord and Son thus betrayed she was in her mind almost distracted to death she with her priests went to church and performed her rights and prayed before God that she might give up

The Ghost and the Scots then chose 116 deeno to King Malcolm’s brother and drove out all the English that formerly were with the King Malcolm when Duncan King Malcolm’s son heard all that had thus taken place he was then in the king Williams court because his father had

Given him as a hostage to our King’s father and so he lived here afterwards he came to the king and did such falty as the king required at his hands and so with his permission went to Scotland with all the support that he could get of English and French and deprived his

Uncle deeno of the kingdom and was received as king but the Scots afterwards gathered some Force together and slew full nigh all his men and he himself with a few made his Escape 117 afterwards they were reconciled on the condition that he never again brought into the land English or French ad

1,094 this year the King William held his court at Christmas in glower and Messengers came to him thither from his brother Robert of Normandy who said that his brother renounced all peace and I conditions unless the king would fulfill all that they had stipulated in the treaty and upon that he called him

Forsworn and void of Truth unless he adhered to the treaty or went thither and explained himself there where the treaty was formally made and also sworn then went the king to Hastings at kandlus and whilst he there Abode waiting the weather he let hallow the Minster at battel and deprived Herbert

Loang the bishop of Thetford of his staff and thereafter about Midland went oversea into Normandy after he came thither he and his brother Robert the Earl said that they should come together in peace and so they did and might be United afterwards they came together with the

Same men that before made the treaty and also confirmed it by Oaths and all the blame of breaking the treaty they threw upon the king but he would not confess this nor even adhere to the treaty and for this reason they parted with much dissatisfaction and the King afterwards

Won the castle at bears and took the Earl’s men therein some of whom he sent hither to this land on the other hand the Earl with the assistance of the king of France won the castle at Argent and took therein Roger of puatu 118 and 700 of the kingk knights with him and

Afterwards that at Hume and oft readily did either of them burn the towns of the other and also took men then sent the king hither to this land and ordered 20,000 Englishmen to be sent out to Normandy to his assistance but when they came to seea

They then had orders to return and to pay to the Kings behof the fee that they had taken which was half a pound each man and they did so and the Earl after this with the King of France and with all that he could gather together went

Through the midst of Normandy towards o where the King William was and thought to besiege him within and so they Advanced until they came to lunaville there was the King of France through cunning turned aside and so afterwards all the Army dispersed in the midst of these things

The King William sent after his brother Henry who was in a castle at damf front but because he could not go through Normandy with security he sent ships after him and Hugh Earl of Chester when however they should have gone towards o where the King was they went to England

And came up at Hampton 119 on the eve of the Feast of All Saints and here afterwards Abode and at Christmas they were in London in this this same year also the Welsh men gathered themselves together and with the French that were in Wales or in the neighborhood and had

Formerly seized their land stirred up war and broke into many fastnesses and castles and slew many men and when their followers had increased they divided themselves into larger parties with some part of them fought Hugh Earl of Shropshire 120 and put them to flight nevertheless the other part of them all

This year omitted no evil that they could do this year also the Scots and snared their King Duncan and slew him and afterwards the second time took his uncle defol to King through whose instruction and advice he was betrayed to death ad 1,095 in this year was the King William

The first four days of Christmas at witsand and after the fourth day came hither and landed at do and Henry the kingk brother Abode in this land until lent and then went over sea to Normandy with much treasure on the king’s behalf against their brother Earl Robert and

Frequently fought against the Earl and did him much harm both in land and in men and then at Easter held the king his court in Winchester and the Earl Robert of Northumberland would not come to court and the King was much stirred to anger with him for this and sent to him

And bade him harshly if he would be worthy of protection that he would come to court at Pentecost in this year was Easter on the eighth day before the calends of April and upon Easter on the night of the Feast of St Ambrose that is the 2 before

The Gans of April 121 nearly over all this land and almost all the night numerous and manifold stars were seen to fall from Heaven not by one or two but so thick in succession that no man could tell it Hereafter at Pentecost was the king at Windsor and all his councel with

Him except the Earl of North umberland for the king would neither give him hostages nor own upon truth that he might come and go with security and the King therefore ordered his Army and went against the Earl to Northumberland and soon after he came thither he won many and nearly all the

Best of the Earl’s clan in a fortress and put them into custody and the castle at time mouth he beset until he won it and the Earl’s brother therein and all that were with him and afterwards went to bambo and beset the Earl therein but

When the king saw that he could not win it then ordered he his men to make a castle before Bamber and called it in his speech malvis that is in English evil neighbor and he fortified it strongly with his men and afterwards went Southward then soon after that the King

Was gone South went the Earl one night out of bambo towards tinmouth but they that were in the New Castle were aware of him and went after him and fought him and wounded him and afterwards took him and of those that were with him some they slew and some

They took alive among these things it was made known to the king that the Welsh men in Wales had broken into a castle called Montgomery and slain the men of Earl Hugo that should have held it he therefore gave orders to Levy another Force immediately and after

Miklus went into Wales and shifted his forces and went through all that land so that the Army came all together by All Saints to snen but the Welsh always went before into the mountains and the Moors that no man could come to them the king then went Homeward for he saw that he

Could do no more there this winter when the king came home again he gave orders to take the Earl Robert of Northumberland and lead him to bambaro and put out both his eyes unless they that were therein would give up the castle his wife held it and Morel who

Was Steward and also his relative through this was the castle then given up and morel was then in the kingk court and through him were many both of the clergy and leoes surrendered who with their councils had conspired against the king the king had before this time

Commanded some to be brought into prison and afterwards had it very strictly proclaimed over all this country that all who held land of the king as they wished to be considered worthy of protection should come to court at the time appointed and the King commanded that the Earl Robert should be led to

Windsor and they held in the castle also in this same year against Easter came the Pope’s Nuno hither to this land this was Bishop Walter a man of very good life of the town of Albano and upon the day of Pentecost on the behalf of Pope Urban he gave Archbishop anel as

Paul and he received him at his arch Episcopal stall in Canterbury and Bishop Walter remained afterwards in this land a great part of the year and Men then sent by him the Rome Scot 122 which they had not done for many years before this same year also the weather was very

Unseasonable in consequence of which throughout all this land were all the fruits of the earth reduced to a moderate crop ad 1,096 in this year held the King William his court at Christmas in Windsor and William Bishop of Durham died there on New Year’s Day and on the Octave of the

Epiphany was the king and all his counselors at Salsbury there Jeffrey Boehner challenged William of O the kingk relative maintaining that he had been in a conspiracy against the king and he fought with him and overcame him in single combat and after he was overcome

The king gave orders to put out his eyes and afterwards to emasculate him and his Steward William by name who was the son of his stepmother the king commanded to be hanged on a jibit then was also Yoda bur of champagne the king’s son-in-law and many others deprived of their lands

Whilst some were led to London and they’re killed this year also at Easter there was a very great stir through all this nation in many others on account of urban who was declared Pope though he had nothing of a sea at Rome and an immense multitude went forth with their

Wives and children that they might make war upon the heathens through this Expedition were the king and his brother Earl Robert reconciled so that the king went oversea and purchased all Normandy of him on condition that they should be United and the Earl afterwards departed and with

Him the Earl of Flanders and the Earl of balone and also many other men of rank 123 and the Earl Robert and they that went with him passed the winter in a peia but of the people that went by Hungary many thousands miserably perished there and by the way and many

Dragged themselves home ruthful and hunger Bitten on the approach of winter this was a very heavy timed year through all England both through the manifold tributes and also through the very heavy timed hunger that severely oppressed this Earth in the course of the year in this year also the principal men who

Held this land frequently sent forces into Wales and many men thereby grievously Afflicted producing no results but destruction of men in waste of money ad 1,097 in this year was the King William at Christmas in Normandy and afterwards against Easter he embarked for this land

For that he thought to to hold his court at Winchester but he was weather bound until Easter Eve when he first landed at Arundle and for this reason held his court at Windsor and thereafter with a great Army he went into Wales and quickly penetrated that land with his

Forces through some of the Welsh who were come to him and were his guides and he remained in that country for Midsummer nearly until August and suffered much loss there in men and in horses and also in many other things the welshmen after they had revolted from

The King chose them many Elders from themselves one of whom was called cadan 124 who was the worthiest of them being brother’s son to King Griffin and when the king saw that he could do nothing in furtherance of his will he returned again into this land and soon after that

He let his men build castles on the borders then upon the Feast of St Michael the fourth day before the knowes of October 125 appeared an uncommon star shining in the evening and soon hastening to set it 126 was seen Southwest and the ray that stood off

From it was thought very long shining Southeast and it appeared on this wise nearly all the week Many Men supposed that it was a comet soon after this Archbishop anel of Canterbury obtained leave 127 of the king though it was contrary to the wishes of the king as Men supposed and went oversee

Because he thought that men in this country did little according to right and after his instruction and the King thereafter upon St Martin’s Mass went oversea into Normandy but whilst he was waiting for fair weather his court in the county where they lay did the most harm that

Ever court or Army could do in a friendly and Peaceable land this was in all things a very heavy timed year and beyond measure laborious from Badness of weather both when men attempted to till the land and afterwards to ga the fruits of their tilth and from unjust contributions they never rested many

Counties also that were confined to London by work were grievously oppressed on account of the wall that they were building about the Tower and the bridge that was nearly all afloat and the work of the king’s Hall that they were building at Westminster and many men perished

Thereby also in this same year soon after melus went Edgar effing with an army through the king’s assistance into Scotland and with hard fighting won that land land and drove out the king duffel and his nephew Edgar who was son of King Malcolm and of Margaret the queen he

There appointed King in falty to the King William and afterwards again returned to England ad 1,098 in this year at Christmas was the King William in Normandy and wacan Bishop of Winchester and Baldwin Abbot of sa Edmunds within this tide 128 both departed and in this year also died tural Abbot of

Peterboro in the summer of this year also at finstead in birkshire a pool welled with blood as many true men said that should see it and Earl Hugh was slain in Angeli by Foreign Pirates 129 and his brother Robert was his Heir as he had settled it before with the king

Before mikelus the heaven was of such in Hue as if it were burning nearly all the night this was a very Troublesome year through manifold impos positions and from the Abundant Reigns that ceased not all the year nearly all the tilth in the marshlands perished ad

1,099 this year was the King William at midwinter in Normandy and at Easter came hither to land and at Pentecost held his court the first time in his new building at Westminster and there he gave the bishoprick of Durham to ranol his chaplain who had long directed and

Governed his councils over all England and soon after this he went over oversea and drove the Earl Elias out of Maine which he reduced under his power and so by molus returned to this land this year also on the Festival of a Martin the sea

Flood sprung up to such a height and did so much harm as no man remembered that it ever did before and this was the first day of the new moon and Osmond Bishop of Salsbury died in Advent ad 1,100 in this year the King William held

His court at Christmas in glower and at Easter in Winchester and at Pentecost in Westminster and at Pentecost was seen in birkshire at a certain Town blood to well from the earth as many said that should see it and there after on the morning after lamus day was the King

William shot in hunting by an arrow from his own men and afterwards brought to Winchester and buried in the cathedral 130 this was in the 13th year after that he assumed the government he was very harsh and severe over his land and his men and with all his neighbors and very

Formidable and through the councils of evil men that to him were always agreeable and through his own avarice he was ever tiring this nation with an army and with unjust contributions for in his days all right fell to the ground and every wrong rose up before God and before the world God’s

Church he humbled and all the bishop Ricks and abses who whose Elders fell in his days he either sold in fee or held in his own hands and let for a certain sum because he would be the heir of every man both of the clergy in Ley so

That on the day that he fell he had in his own hand the arch bishoprick of Canterbury with the bishoprick of Winchester and that of Salsbury and 11 abses all LED for a sum and though I may be tedious all that was loathsome to God and righteous men all that was customary

In this land in his time and for this he was loathed by nearly all his people and odious to God as his end testified for he departed in the midst of his unrighteousness without any power of repentance or recompense for his deeds on the Thursday he was slain and in the

Morning afterwards buried and after he was buried the Statesmen that were then nigh at hand chose his brother Henry to King and he immediately 131 gave the bishoprick of Winchester to William gford and afterwards when went to London and on the Sunday following before the altar at Westminster he promised God and

All the people to anull all the unrighteous acts that took place in his brother’s time and to maintain the best laws that were valid in any King’s day before him and after this the bishop of London Maurice consecrated him King and all in this land submitted to him and

Swore Oaths and became his men and the King soon after this by the advice of those that were about him allowed men to take the bishop ranol of Durham and bring him into the Tower of London and hold him there then before mikelus came the Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury

Hither to this land as the King Henry by the advice of his ministers had sent after him because he had gone out of this land for the great wrongs that the King William did unto him and soon Hereafter the king took him to wife ma daughter of Malcolm King of Scotland and

Of Margaret the good Queen the relative of King Edward Ward and of the right Royal 132 race of England and on martinus day she was publicly given to him with much pomp at Westminster and the Archbishop Anselm wetted her to him and afterwards consecrated her queen and the Archbishop Thomas of York soon

Hereafter died during the Harvest of this same year also came the Earl Robert home into Normandy and the Earl Robert of Flanders Eustace Earl of balone from Jerusalem and as soon as the Earl Robert came into Normandy he was joyfully received by all his people except those

Of the castles that were garrisoned with the King Henry’s men against them he had many contests and struggles ad 1,101 in this year at Christmas held the King Henry his court in Westminster and at Easter in Winchester and soon thereafter were the chief men in this land in a conspiracy

Against the king partly from their own great infidelity and also also through the Earl Robert of Normandy who with hostility aspired to the invasion of this land and the King afterwards sent ships out to see to thwart and impede his brother but some of them in the time

Of need fell back and turned from the King and surrendered themselves to the Earl Robert then at Midsummer went the king out to pavy with all his Force against his brother and there awaited him but in the meantime came the Earl Robert up at Portsmouth 12 nights before

Lamus and the King with all his Force came against him but the chief men interceded between them and settled the brothers on the condition that the king should forego all that he held by main strength in Normandy against the Earl and that all then in England should have

Their lands again who had lost it before through the Earl and Earl Eustace also all his patrimony in this land and that the Earl Robert every year should receive from England 3,000 marks of silver and particularly that whichever of the brothers should survive the other he should be heir of all England and

Also of Normandy except the deceased left an heir by lawful wedlock and this 12 men of the highest rank on either side then confirmed with an oath and the Earl afterwards remained in this land till after miklus and his men did much harm wherever they went the while that

The Earl continued in this land this year also the bishop ran o at candus burst out of the Tower of London by night where he was in confinement and went into Normandy through whose contrivance and instigation mostly the Earl Robert this year sought this land with hostility

,12 in this year at the Nativity was the King Henry at Westminster and at Easter in Winchester and soon thereafter arose A dissension between the king and the Earl Robert of bzm who held in this land the earldom of Shrewsbury that his father Earl Roger had before and much territory

There with both on this side and Beyond the Sea and the King went and beset the castle at a Rundle but when he could not easily win it he allowed men to make castles before it and filled them with his men and afterwards with all his army he went

To Bridge North and there continued until he had the castle and deprived the Earl Robert of his land and stripped him of all that he had in England and the Earl accordingly went oversea and the Army afterwards returned home then was the king thereafter by miklus at

Westminster and all the principal men in this land Clerk and Ley and the Archbishop anel held a senate of clergy and there they established many cannons that belonged to Christianity and many both French and English were there deprived of their staves and dignity which they either obtained with Injustice or enjoyed with

Dishonor and in this same year in the week of the Feast of Pentecost there came thieves some from oia 133 some from France and some from Flanders and broke into the minster of Peterborough and therein seized much property in gold and in silver namely ruds and chales and candlesticks ad

1,13 in this year at midwinter was the King Henry at Westminster and soon afterwards Departed the bishop William gford out of this land because he would not against right accept his hood at the hands of the Archbishop Gerard of York and then at Easter held the king his court at

Winchester and afterwards went the Archbishop anel from Canterbury to Rome as was agreed between him and the King this year also came the Earl Robert of Normandy to speak with the king in this land and Heir he departed hence he forgave the King Henry the 3,000 marks

That he was bound by treaty to give him each year in this year also at Hamstead in birkshire was seen blood to rise from the earth this was a very camous here in this land through manifold impositions and through Marin of cattle and deficiency of produce not only in corn

But in every kind of fruit also in the morning upon the mass day of EST Lawrence the wind did so much harm here on land to all fruits as no man remembered that ever any did before in this same year died mithas Abbot of Peterboro who lived no longer than one

Year after he was Abbott after Mikus on the 12 day before the calends of November he was in full procession received as Abbot and on the same day of the next year he was dead at glower and they’re buried ad 1,14 in this year at Christmas held the

King Henry his court at Westminster and at Easter in Winchester and at Pentecost again at Westminster this year was the first day of Pentecost on the nonnes of June and on the Tuesday following were seen four circles at midday about the Sun of a white Hue each described under the other

As if they were measured all that saw it wondered for they never remembered such before afterwards were reconciled the Earl Robert of Normandy and Robert De bzm whom the King Henry had before deprived of his lands and driven from England and through their reconciliation the king of England and the Earl of

Normandy became adversaries and the King sent his folk oversea into Normandy and the head men in that land received them and with treachery to their lord the Earl lodged them in their castles whence they committed many outrages on the Earl in plundering and burning this year also William Earl of

134 went from this land into Normandy but after he was gone he acted against the king because the king stripped and deprived him of all that he had here in this land it is not easy to describe the misery of this land which it was suffering through various and

Manifold wrongs and impositions that never failed nor ceased and wheresoever the King went there was full license given to his company to Harrow and oppress his wretched people and in the midst thereof happened often times burnings and manslaughter all this was done to the displeasure of God and to the vexation

Of this unhappy people ad 1,15 in this year on the Nativity held the King Henry his court at Windsor and afterwards in Lent he went oversea into Normandy against his brother Earl Robert and whilst he remained there he one of his brother can and berer and almost all

The castles and the chief men in that land were subdued and afterwards by Harvest he returned hither again and that which he had won in Normandy remained afterwards in peace and subjection to him except that which was anywhere near the Earl William of Mortin this he often demanded as

Strongly as he could for the loss of his land in this country and then before Christmas came Robert de bzm hither to the king this was a very calamitous year in this land through loss of fruits and through the manifold contributions that never ceased before the king went over to

Normandy or while he was there or after he came back again ad 1,16 in this year was the King Henry on the Nativity at Westminster and there held his court and at that season Robert dzm went unreconciled from the King out of his land into Normandy Hereafter before lent was the King at

Northampton and the Earl Robert his brother came thither from Normandy to him and because the king would not give him back that which he had taken from him in Normandy they parted in hostility and the Earl soon went oversea back again in the first week of Lent on the

Friday which was the 14th before the calends of March in the evening appeared an unusual star and a long time afterwards was seen every evening shining a while the star appeared in the southwest it was thought little and dark but the train of Light which stood from

It was very bright and appeared like an immense beam shining Northeast and some evening this beam was seen as if it were moving itself forwards against the star some said that they saw more of such unusual stars at this time but we do not write more fully about it because we saw

It not ourselves on the night preceding the Lord’s Supper 135 that is the Thursday before Easter were seen two moons in the heavens before day the one in the east and the other in the west both full and it was the 14th day of the moon at Easter was

The king at baath and at Pentecost at Salsbury because he would not hold his court when he was beyond the sea after this and before August went the king oversea into Normandy and almost all that were in that land submitted to his will except Robert de bzm and the Earl

Of mortine and a few others of the principal persons who yet held with the Earl of Normandy for this reason the king King afterwards Advanced with an army and beset a castle of the Earl of mortine called tenner Keb 136 whilst the king beset the castle came the Earl

Robert of Normandy on miklus Eve against the king with his army and with him Robert of bzm and William Earl of mortine and all that would be with them but the strength and the Victory were the Kings there was the Earl of Normandy taken and the Earl of mortine and Robert

Of studville and afterwards sent to England and put into custody Robert of bzm was there put to flight and William Crispen was taken and many others forth with Edgar effing who a little before had gone over from the King to the Earl was also their taken whom the king afterwards let go

Unpunished then went the king over all that was in Normandy and settled it according to his will and discretion this year also were heavy and sinful conflicts between the Emperor of Saxony and his son and in the midst of these conflicts the father fell and the sun succeeded to the Empire ad

1,17 in this year at Christmas was the King Henry in Normandy and having disposed and settled that land to his will he afterwards came hither in Lent and at Easter held his court at Windsor and at Pentecost in Westminster and afterwards in the beginning of August he was again at

Westminster and there gave away and settled the bishop Ricks and abses that either in England or in Normandy were without El ERS and pastors of these there were so many that there was no man who remembered that ever so many together were given away before and on this same occasion among

The others who accepted abses oral who before was Prior at Canterbury succeeded to the absy in Peterboro this was nearly about 7 years after the King Henry undertook the kingdom and the 1 and 140th year since the Franks governed this land many said that they saw sunry tokens in the Moon

This year and its orb increasing and decreasing contrary to Nature this year died Maurice Bishop of London and Robert Abbot of St Edmund’s Berry and Richard Abbot of elely this year also died the King Edgar in Scotland on the Ides of January and Alexander his brother succeeded to the kingdom as the King

Henry granted him ad 1,18 in this year was the King Henry on the Nativity at Westminster and at Easter at Winchester and by Pentecost at Westminster again after this before August he went into Normandy and Philip the king of France died on the GN of August and his son

Lewis succeeded to the kingdom and there were afterwards many struggles between the king of France and the King of England while the latter remained in Normandy in this year also died the Archbishop Gerard of York before Pentecost and Thomas was afterwards appointed there too ad

1,19 in this year was the King Henry at Christmas and at Easter in Normandy and before Pentecost he came to this land and held his court at Westminster there were the conditions fully settled and the oath sworn for giving his daughter 137 to the emperor 138 this year were very frequent storms

Of thunder and very tremendous and the Archbishop anel of Canterbury died on the 11th day before for the calends of April and the first day of Easter was on Latania major ad 1,110 in this year held the King Henry his court at Christmas in Westminster

And at Easter he was at Marlboro and at Pentecost he held his court for the first time in New Windsor this year before lent the king sent his daughter with manifold treasures oversea and gave her to the emperor on the fifth night in the month of May appeared the moon

Shining bright in the evening and after afterwards by little and little its light diminished so that as soon as night came 139 it was so completely extinguished with all that neither light nor orb nor anything at all of it was seen and so it continued nearly until

Day and then appeared shining full and bright it was this same day a fortnight old all the night was the firmament very clear and the Stars Over All The Heavens shining very bright and the fruits of the trees were this night sorely nipped by Frost afterwards in the month of June

Appeared a star Northeast and its train stood before it towards the Southwest thus was it seen many nights and as the night Advanced when it Rose higher it was seen going backward toward the Northwest this year were deprived of their lands Philip of Bros and William Mallet and William Bayard this year also

Died Earl Elias who held Maine in fetale 140 of King Henry and after his death the Earl of ANW succeeded to it and held it against the king this was a very calamitous year in this land through the contributions which the king received for his daughter’s portion and through

The Badness of the weather by which the fruits of the earth were very much marred and the produce of the trees over all this land almost entirely perished this year men began first to work at the new Minster at chy ad 1,111 this year the King Henry bear not

His crown at Christmas nor at Easter nor at Pentecost and in August he went oversee into Normandy on account of the broils that some had with him by the confines of France and chiefly on account of the Earl of Anu who held Maine against him and after he came over thither many

Conspiracies and burnings and harrowing did they between them in this year died the Earl Robert of Flanders and his son Baldwin succeeded their to 2 141 this year was the winter very long and the season Heavy and severe and through that were the fruits of the earth sorely marred and there was the

Greatest Marin of cattle that any man could remember ad 1,112 all this year remained the King Henry in Normandy on account of the broils that he had with France and with the Earl of andu who held main against him and whilst he was there he deprived

Of their lands the Earl of evro and William Crispen and drove them out of Normandy to Philip of bros He restored his land who had been before deprived of it and Robert of bzm he suffered to be seized and put into prison this was a very good year and very fruitful in wood

And in field but it was a very heavy time and sorrowful through a severe mortality amongst men ad 1,113 in this year was the King Henry on the Nativity and at Easter and at Pentecost in Normandy and after that in the summer he sent hither Robert of bzm

Into the castle at weam and himself soon 142 afterwards came hither to this land ad 11:14 in this year held the King Henry his court on the Nativity at Windsor and held no other court afterwards during the year and at Midsummer he went with an army into

Wales and the Welsh came and made peace with the King and he let men build castles therein and thereafter in September he went oversea into Normandy this year in the latter end of May was seen an uncommon star with a long train shining many nights in this

Year also was so great an EB of the tide everywhere in one day as no man remembered before so that men went riding and walking over the temps Eastward of London Bridge this year were very violent winds in the month of October but it was a moderately rough in

The night of the Octave of St Martin and that was everywhere manifest both in Town and Country in this year also the king gave the Archbishop of Canterbury to Ralph who was before Bishop of Rochester and Thomas Archbishop of York died and Turin succeeded there too who was before the king’s

Chaplain about this same time went the king toward the sea and was desirous of going over but the weather prevented him then meanwhile sent he his writ after the Abbot rol of Peterboro and baed that he should come to him quickly for that he wished to speak with him on an

Interesting subject when he came to him he appointed him to the bishoprick of Rochester and the archbishops and Bishops and all the nobility that were in England coincided with the King and he long with stod but it availed nothing and the King bade the Archbishop that he should lead him to Canterbury and

Consecrate him Bishop whether he would or not one 143 this was done in the town called Bourne 144 on the 17th day before the calends of October when the monks of Peterboro heard of this they felt greater sorrow than they had ever experienced before because he was a very

Good and amiable man and did much good within and without whilst he Abode there God Almighty abide ever with him soon after this gave the King The Abbey to a monk of size whose name was John through the intreaty of the Archbishop of can Berry and soon after this the king and

The Archbishop of Canterbury sent him to Rome after the archbishops Paul and a monk also with him whose name was Warner and the archdeacon John the nephew of the Archbishop and they sped well there this was done on the seventh day before the calend of October in the town that is

Ecpt roner and this same day went the King on board ship at Portsmouth ad 1,115 this year was the King Henry on the Nativity in Normandy and whilst he was there he contrived that all the head men in Normandy did homage and falty to his son William whom he had by his Queen

And after this in the month of July he returned to this land this year was the winter so severe with snow and with frost that no man who was then living ever remembered one more severe in consequence of which there was great destruction of cattle during this year

The Pope pascaly sent the Paul into this land to Ralph Archbishop of Canterbury and he received it with great worship at his arch Episcopal stall in Canterbury it was brought hither from Rome by Abbott anel who was the nephew of Archbishop Anselm and the Abbott John of Peterboro ad

1,116 in this year was the King Henry on the Nativity at his Albans where he permitted the consecration of that Monastery and at Easter he was at odium and there was also this year a very heavy timed winter strong and long for cattle and for all things and the King

Soon after Easter went oversea into Normandy and there were many conspiracies and robberies and castles taken betwix France and Normandy most of this disturbance was because the King Henry assisted his nephew Theobald debla who was engaged in a war against his Lord Lewis the king of

France this was a very vex aous and destructive year with respect to the fruits of the earth through the immoderate rains that fell soon after the beginning of August harassing and perplexing men till kandlus Day this year also was so deficient in Mast that there was never heard such in all this

Land or in Wales this land and Nation were also this year often sorely sned by the guilds which the king took both within the Burrows and without in this same year was consumed by fire the whole Monastery of Peterboro and all the buildings except the chapter house and

The dormitory and therewith also all the greater part of the town all this happened on a Friday which was the second day before the know of August ad 1,117 all this year remained the King Henry in Normandy on account of the hostility of the king of France and his

Other neighbors and in the summer came the king of France and the Earl of Flanders with him with an army into Normandy and having stayed there in one night they returned again in the morning without fighting but Normandy was very much Afflicted both by the exactions and

By the armies which the King Henry collected against them this nation also was severely oppressed through the same means namely through manifold exactions this year also in the night of the kals of December were a moderate storms with thunder and lightning and rain and hail and in the night of the

Third day before the Ides of December was the the moon during a long time of the night as if covered with blood and afterwards eclipsed also in the night of the 17th day before the calends of January was the heaven seen very red as if it were

Burning and on the Octave of St John the Evangelist was the great earthquake in lomber from the shock of which many minsters and towers and houses fell and did much harm to men this was a very blighted year in corn through the rains that scarcely ceased for nearly all the

Year and the Abbott Gilbert of Westminster died on the eighth day before the IDS of December and ferrets Abbot of Abington on the seventh day before the calends of March and in this same year ad 1,118 all this year Abode the King Henry in Normandy on account of the war of the

King of France and the Earl of andw and the Earl of Flanders and the Earl of Flanders was wounded in Normandy and went so wounded wounded into Flanders by this war was the king much exhausted and he was a great loser both in land and money and his own men

Grieved him most who often from him turned and betrayed him and going over to his foes surrendered to them their castles to the injury and disappointment of the king all this England dearly bought through the manifold guilds that all this year abetted not this year in

The week of the Epiphany there was one evening a great deal of lightning and thereafter unusual Thunder and the queen Matilda died at Westminster on the calends of May and there was buried and the Earl Robert of melen died also this year in this year also on the Feast of

St Thomas was so very IM moderately violent a wind that no man who was then living ever remembered any greater and that was everywhere seen both in houses and also in trees this year also died Pope pascalis and John of GTH succeeded to the Pok whose other name was galus ad

1,119 all this year continued the King Henry in Normandy and he was greatly perplexed by the hostility of the king of France and also of his own men who with treachery deserted from him and oft readily betrayed him until the two kings came together in Normandy with their

Forces there was the King of France put to flight and all his best men taken and after afterwards many of King henryk’s men returned to him and accorded with him who were before with their castellons against him and some of the castles he took by main strength this

Year went William the son of King Henry and queen Matilda into Normandy to his father and there was given to him and wed it to wife the daughter of the Earl of andw on the eve of the mass of St Michael was much Earth heaving in some

Places in this land though most of all in gloucestershire and in Worcestershire in this same year died the pope galus on this side of the Alps and was buried at clug and after him the Archbishop of Vienna was chosen Pope whose name was Kus he afterwards on the Festival of St

Luke the Evangelist came into France to Reams and there held a council and the Archbishop tursten of York went thither and because that he against Wright and against the arch Episcopal stall in Canterbury and against the king’s will received his Hood at the hands of the Pope the king interdicted him from all

Return to England and thus he lost his arch bishoprick and with the Pope went towards Rome in this year also died the Earl Baldwin of Flanders of the wounds that he received in Normandy and after him succeeded to the erom Charles the son of his uncle by The Father’s Side

Who was son of nut the holy king of Denmark ad 1,120 this year were reconciled the king of England and and the King of France and after their reconciliation all the King Henry’s own men accorded with him in Normandy as well as the Earl of Flanders and the Earl of ponu from this

Time forward the King Henry settled his castles and his land in Normandy after his will and so before Advent came to this land and in this Expedition were drowned the king’s two sons William and Richard and Richard Earl of Chester and otwell his brother and very many of the

King’s household steart s and chamberlains and butlers and Men of various abodes and with them a countless multitude of very incomparable folk besides so was their death to their friends in a two-fold respect one that they so suddenly lost this life the other that few of their bodies were found anywhere

Afterwards this year came that light to the Seiler of the Lord in Jerusalem twice once at Easter and the other on the Assumption of St Mary as credible persons said who came then and the Archbishop tursten of York was through the pope reconciled with the King and

Came to this land and recovered his bishopi though it was very undesirable to the Archbishop of Canterbury ad 1,121 this year was the King Henry at Christmas at Bramton and afterwards before Candelas at Windsor was given him to wife athas soon afterwards consecrated Queen who was daughter of

The Duke of loua and the moon was eclipsed in the night of the GES of April being a fortnight old and the King was at Easter at Berkeley and after that at Pentecost he held a full court at Westminster and afterwards in the summer went with an army into Wales and the

Welsh came against him and after the Kings will they accorded with him this year came the Earl of Anu from Jerusalem into his land and soon after sent hither to fetch his daughter who had been given to wife to William the King’s son and in the night of the eve of Natalie’s Domin

Was a very violent wind over all this land and that was in many things evidently seen ad 1,122 in this year was the King Henry at Christmas in Norwich and at Easter in Northampton and in the lent tide before that the town of Glouster was on fire

The while that the monks were singing their mass and the Deacon had begun the gospel priyan Jesus at that very moment came the fire from the upper part of the steeple and burned all the Minster and all the treasures that were there within except a few books and three mass

Hackles that was on the eighth day before the eyes of Marsha and thereafter the Tuesday after Palm Sunday was a very violent wind on the 11th day before the calends of April after which came many tokens far and wide in England and many specters were both seen and heard and

The eighth night before the calends of August was a very violent earthquake over all Somerset Shar and in gler Shire soon after on the sixth day before the Ides of September which was on the Festival of St Mary 145 there was a very violent wind from the four part of the

Day to the depth of the night this same year died Ralph the Archbishop of Canterbury that was on the 13th day before the calends of November after this there were many shipmen on the sea and on fresh water who said that they saw on the northeast

Level with the earth a fire huge and Broad which Anon waxed in length up to the welin and the welin undid itself in four parts and fought against it as if it would quench it and the fire waxed nevertheless up to the heaven the fire

They saw in the day Dawn and it lasted until it was light overall that was on the seventh day before the Ides of December ad 1,123 in this year was the King Henry and at Christmas tide at dunable and there came to him the ambassadors of the

Earl of ANW and then he went to Woodstock and his Bishops and his whole court with him then did it be tied on a Wednesday which was on the fourth day before the Ides of January that the king rode in his dear fold 146 the bishop Roger of Salsbury

147 on one side of him and the Bishop Robert bloat of Lincoln on the other side of him and they rode their talk together then sank down the bishop of Lincoln and said to the king Lord King I die and the King all lighted down from

His horse and lifted him betwix his arms and let men bear him home to his Inn there he was soon dead and They Carried him to Lincoln with great worship and buried him before the altar of St Mary and the bishop of Chester whose name was Robert pexi buried him soon after this

Sent the king his RIT over all England and B all his Bishops and his Abbotts and his thingss that they should come to his Whitten mut on Candelas day at glower to meet him and they did so when they were there gathered together then the king B them that they should choose

For themselves an Archbishop of Canterbury whomsoever they would and he would confirm it then spoke the Bishops among themselves and said that they never more would have a man of the monastic order as Archbishop over them and they went all in a body to the king and earnestly requested that they might

Choose from the clerical order whomsoever they would for Archbishop and the King granted it to them this was all concerted before through the bishop of Salsbury and through the bishop of Lincoln he he was dead for that they never loved the rule of monks but were ever against monks and

Their Rule and the prior and the monks of Canterbury and all the other persons of the monastic order that were there withstood it full two days but it availed not for the bishop of Salsbury was strong and wielded all England and opposed them with all his power and

Might then chose they a clerk named William of kerbo he was Canon of a monastery called chich 148 and they brought him before the king and the King gave him the Archbishop and all the Bishops received him but almost all the monks and the Earls and the THS that were there

Protested against him about the same time Departed the Earl’s Messengers 49 in hostility from the King Reckless of his favor during the same time came a legot from Rome whose name was Henry he was Abbot of the monastery of St John of Angeli and he came after

The Rome Scott and he said to the king that it was against right that men should set a clerk over monks and therefore they had chosen an Archbishop before in their chapter after right but the king would not Undo It For the Love of the bishop of Salsbury then went the

Archbishop soon after this to Canterbury and was there received though it was against their will and he was there soon blessed to Bishop by the bishop of London and the bishop Rolf of Rochester and the bishop William Gerard of Winchester and the bishop Bernard of Wales and the bishop Roger of

Salsbury then early in Lent went the Archbishop to Rome after his Paul and with him went the bishop Bernard of Wales and seph Abbot of glastenbury and anel Abbot of St Edmund’s Berry and John archdeacon of Canterbury and gford who was the king’s court chaplain at the same time went the

Archbishop thirston of York to Rome through the behest of the Pope and came thither 3 days a the Archbishop of canterburry came and was there received with much worship then came the Archbishop of Canterbury and was there full seven nights a they could come to a conference with the Pope that was

Because the pope was made to understand that he had a obtained the Archbishop against the monks of the Minster and against Wright but that overcame Rome which overcometh all the world that is gold and silver and the pope softened and gave him his Paul and the Archbishop

Of York swore him subjection in all those things which the pope enjoined him by the heads of St Peter and St Paul and the pope then sent him home with his Blessing the while that the Archbishop was out of the land the king gave the bishop rck of bath to the Queen’s

Chancellor whose name was Godfrey he was born in Lal that was on the Annunciation of St Mary at Woodstock soon after this went the king to Winchester and was all Easter tide there and the while that he was there gave he the bishoprick of Lincoln to a clerk height

Alexander he was nephew of the bishop of Salsbury this he did All For the Love of the bishop then went the king then to Portsmouth and lay there all over Pentecost week then as soon as he had a fair wind he went over into Normandy and meanwhile committed all England to the

Guidance and government of the bishop Roger of Salsbury then was the king all this year 150 in Normandy and much hostility arose betwix him and his THS so that the Earl wam of ment and hamal and Hugh of Montfort and William of Rari and many others went from him and held their

Castles against him and the King strongly opposed them and this same year he won of wam his castle of poner and of Hugh that of Montford and Ever After the longer he stayed the better he sped this same year he the bishop of Lincoln came to his bishoprick almost all the burrow

Of Lincoln was burned and numberless folks men and women were consumed and so much harm was there done as no man could describe to another that was on the 14th day before the calends of June ad 1,124 all this year was the King Henry in Normandy that was for the great

Hostility that he had with the King Lewis of France and with the Earl of andw and most of all with his own men then it happened on the day of the Annunciation of EST Mary that the Earl wallam of meland went from one of his castles called Belmont to another called

Waville with him went the steward of the King of France Amari and Hugh the son of gervis and Hugh of Montford and many other good Knights then came against them the king’s knights from all the castles that were thereabout and fought with them and put them to flight and

Took the Earl WAM and Hugh the son of gervis and Hugh of Montford and five and 20 other Knights and brought them to the king and the king committed the Earl weran and Hugh the son of gervis to close custody in the castle at Ruan but

Hugh of monford he sent to England and ordered him to be secured with strong bonds in the castle at glower and of the others as many as he chose he sent north and south to his castles in captivity after this went the king and won all the castles of the Earl wallam

That were in Normandy and all the others that his enemies held against him all this hostility was on account of the son of the Earl Robert of Normandy named William this same William had taken to wife the younger daughter of ful Earl of andw and for this reason the king of

France and all the Earls held with him and all the rich men and said that the king held his brother Robert wrongfully in captivity and drove his son William unjustly out of Normandy this same year where the seasons very unfavorable in England for corn and all fruits so that between

Christmas and candus Men sold the acre seed of wheat that is two seed lips for six shillings and the barley that is three seed lips for six shillings also and the acre seed of Oats that is four seed lips for four Shillings that was because that corn was

Scarce and the penny was so adulterated 151 that a man who had a pound at a market could not exchange 12 P thereof for anything in this same year died the Blessed Bishop Rolf of Rochester who before was Abbott of Peterboro that was on the IDS of March

And after this died the King Alexander of Scotland on the ninth day before the calends of May and David his brother who was Earl of northamptonshire succeeded to the kingdom and had both together the kingdom of Scotland and the earldom in England and on the 19th day before the

Calends of January died the pope of Rome whose name was kius and hanus succeeded to the pope D this same year after St Andrew’s mass and before Christmas held Ralph Basset and the King’s STS of wittenwood in lerer at huno and there hanged more thieves than ever were known

Before that is in a little while for in 40 men altogether and despoiled six men of their eyes and of their testicles many true men said that there were several who suffered very unjustly but our Lord God Almighty who seeth and knoweth every secret seeth also that the wretched people are

Oppressed with all unrighteousness first they are bereaved of their property and then they are slain full heavy year was this the man that had any property was bereaved of it by violent guilds and violent moots the man that had not was starved with Hunger ad 1,125 in this year sent the King Henry

Before Christmas from Normandy to England and bed that all the mint men that were in England should be mutilated in their limbs that was that they should lose each of them the right hand and their testicles beneath this was because the man that had a

Pound could not lay out a penny at a market and the bishop Roger of Salsbury sent over all England and baade them all that they should come to Winchester at Christmas when they came therei then were they taken one by one and deprived each of the right hand and the testicles

Beneath all this was done within the 12th night and that was all in perfect Justice because that they had undone all the land with the great quantity of Base coin that they all bought in this same year sent the pope of Rome to this land a cardinal named John of

Krma he came first to the king in Normandy and the King received him with much worship he betook himself then to the Archbishop William of Canterbury and he led him to canterburry and he was there received with great veneration and in solemn procession and he sang the high mass on Easter day at

The altar of Christ afterwards he went over all England to all the bishop and abses that were in this land and in all he was received with respect and all gave him many and Rich gifts and afterwards he held his Council in London full three days on the Nativity of St

Mary in September with archbishops and diois and Bishops and Abbotts the learned and the lwd 152 and enjoined there the same laws that Archbishop anel had formerly enjoyed and many more though it availed little then he went over see soon after melus and so to Rome and with him the

Archbishop William of Canterbury and the Archbishop thst of York and the bishop Alexander of Lincoln and the bishop J of Lothian and the Abbot G of St Albans and were there received by the pope huius with great respect and continued there all the winter in this same year was so

Great a flood honesty Lawrence’s day that many towns and men were overwhelmed and bridges is broken down and corn and Meadows spoiled with all and hunger and quam 153 in men and in cattle and in all fruits such unseason leness as was not known for many years before and this

Same year died the Abbot John of Peterboro on the second day before the Ides of October ad 1,126 all this year was the King Henry in Normandy all till after harvest then came he to this land between F the Nativity of a te Mary and mikelus with him came the queen and his

Daughter whom he had formerly given to the Emperor Henry of Lorraine to wife and he brought with him the Earl wallam and Hugh the son of gervis and the Earl he sent to Bridge North in captivity and then he sent him afterwards to Wallingford and Hugh to Windsor whom he

Ordered to be kept in strong bonds then after miklus came David the king of the Scots from Scot land to this land and the King Henry received him with great worship and he continued all that year in this land in this year the king had his brother Robert taken from

The bishop Roger of Salsbury and committed him to his son Robert Earl of glower and had him led to Bristol and they put into the castle that was all done through his daughter’s counsel and through David the king of the Scots her uncle ad 1,127 this year the King Henry his court

At Christmas in Windsor there was David the king of the Scots and all the head men that were in England learned and LW and there he engaged the archbishops and Bishops and Abbotts and Earls and all the THS that were there to swear England and Normandy after his day into the

Hands of his daughter aelicia who was formerly the wife of the emperor of Saxony afterwards he sent her to Normandy and with her went her brother Robert Earl of Glouster and Brian son of the Earl Alan fergen 154 and he let her with the son of the Earl of andw whose

Name was Jeffrey Martell all the French and English however disapproved of this but the king did it for to have the alliance of the Earl of ANW and for to have help against his nephew William in the lenti of this same year was the Earl Charles of Flanders slain in a church as

He lay there and prayed to God before the altar in the midst of the mass by his own men and the king of France brought William the son of the Earl of Normandy and gave him the earldom and the people of that land accepted him this same William had before taken to

Wife the daughter of the Earl of ANW but they were afterwards divorced on The Plea of consanguinity this was all through the King Henry of England afterwards took he to wife the sister of the kingk wife of France and for this reason the king gave him the earldom of

Flanders this same year he 155 gave the absy of Peterborough to an Abbott named Henry of puatu who retained in hand his Abbey of St John of Angeli but all the archbishops and Bishops said that it was against right and that he could not have two abses on hand but the same Henry

Gave the king to understand that he had relinquished his absy on account of the great hostility that was in the land and that he did through the council and leave of the pope of Rome and through that of the Abbot of cluggy and because he was leged of the Rome Scot

But nevertheless it was not so for he would retain both in hand and did so as long as God’s will was he was in his clerical State Bishop of swasa afterwards monk of clugny and then prior in the same Monastery afterwards he became prior of seven and then because he was a relation

Of the king of England and of the Earl of puu the Earl gave him the absy of St John’s minster of Angeli afterwards through through his great craft he obtained the arch bishopi of bankin and had it in hand 3 days after which he justly lost it because he had

Before unjustly obtained it afterwards he procured the bishoprick of saints which was 5 miles from his Abbey that he had full n a week 156 in hand but the Abbot of cluggy brought him then as he before did from bankin then he be thought him that if he

Could be fast rooted in England he might have all his will wherefore he besought the king and said unto him that he was an old man a man completely broken that he could not broke the great Injustice and the great hostility that were in their land and then by his own

Endears and by those of all his friends he earnestly and expressly intreated for the absy of Peterboro and the King procured it for him because he was his relation and because he was the principal person to make oath and bear Witness when the son of the Earl of Normandy and the daughter

Of the Earl of Anu were divorced on The Plea of consanguinity thus wretchedly was the abassy given away betwix Christmas and candus at London and so he went with the King to Winchester and then he came to Peterboro and there he dwelt 157 right so as a drone doth in a hive

For as the Drone fth and drth from Ward all that the bees dragged toward the hive so did he dot all that he might take within and without out of learn and lwd so sent he oversea and no good did there no good left there think no man

Unworthily that we say not the truth for it was fully known over all the land that as soon as he came thither which was on the Sunday when men sing ex surge quer OD Etc immediately after several persons saw and heard many Huntsmen hunting the hunters were swarthy and

Huge and ugly and their hounds were allworthy and Brad eyed and ugly and they rode on swy horses and sthy Bucks this was seen in the very deerfold in the town of Peterboro and in all the woods from that same town to Stamford and the monks heard the horn blow that

They blew in the night credible men who watched them in the night said that they thought there might well be about 20 or 30 horn blowers this was seen and heard from the time that he 158 came thither all the lent tied onward to East

This was his entry of his exit we can as yet say not God provide ad 1,128 all this year was the King Henry in Normandy on account of the hostility that was between him and his nephew the Earl of Flanders but the Earl was wounded in a

Fight by a Swain and so wounded he went to the monastery of St bertan where he soon became a monk lived 5 days afterwards then and died and was there buried God honor his soul that was on the sixth day before the calends of August this same year died the bishop

Randolf pas flambert of Durham and was there buried on the gnes of September and this same year went the afores said Abbott Henry home to his own Minster at puu by the kingk leave he gave the king to understand that he would with all forgo that Minster and that land and

Dwell with him in England and in the monastery of peterborg but it was not so nevertheless he did this because he would be there through his crafty Wilds where at a 12month or more and come again afterwards may God Almighty extend his Mercy over that wretched place this same

Year came from Jerusalem Hugh of the temple to the king in Normandy and the King received him with much honor and gave him Rich presents in gold and in silver and afterwards he sent him into England and there he was received by by all good men who all gave him presents

And in Scotland also and by him they sent to Jerusalem much wealth with all in gold and in silver and he invited folk out to Jerusalem and there went with him and after him more people than ever did before since that the first expedition was in the day of Pope Urban though it

Availed little for he said that a mighty war was begun between the Christians and the heathens but when they came thither then was it not but Leasing 159 thus pitifully was all that people sned 160 ad 1,129 in this year sent the king to England after the Earl wallam and after

Hugh the son of gervis and they gave hostages for them and he went home to his own land in France but wallam was left with the king and the King gave him all his land except his castle alone afterwards came the king to England within the Harvest and the Earl came

With him and they became as good friends as they were foes before soon after by the king’s Council and by his leave sent the Archbishop William of Canterbury over all England and bade Bishops and Abbotts and archdeacons and all the prior monks and cannons that were in all

The cells in England and all who had the care and superintendant of Christianity that they should all come to London at miklus and there should speak of all gods right when they came thither then began the moot on Monday and continued without intermission to the Friday when it all

Came forth then was it all found to be about archdeacon’s wives and about priests wives that they should forgo them by a Andrew’s mass and he who would not do that should forego his church and his house and his home and never more have any calling there two this bade the

Archbishop William of Canterbury and all the diois and Bishops that were then in England but the king gave them all leave to go home and so they went home and all the ordinances amounted to nothing all held their wives by the king’s leave as they did before this same year died the

Bishop William gford of Winchester and was there buried on the e8th day before the calends of February and the King Henry gave the bishopi after melus to the Abbot Henry of glastenbury his nephew and he was consecrated Bishop by the Archbishop William of Canterbury on the 15th day before the calends of

December this same year died Pope huius a he was well dead there were chosen two popes the one was named Peter who was monk of cluggy and was born of the richest men of Rome and with him held those of Rome and the Duke of Sicily the other was Gregory he was a

Clerk and was driven out of Rome by the other Pope and by his Kinsmen with him held the Emperor of Saxony and the King of France and the King Henry of England and all those on this side of the Alps now was there such division in Christendom as never was before make

Christ consult for his wretched folk this same year on the night of the mass of St Nicholas a little before day there was a great earthquake ad 1,130 this year was the monastery of canterburry consecrated by the Archbishop William on the fourth day before the GN of May there were the

Bishops John of Rochester Gilbert Universal of London Henry of Winchester Alexander of Lincoln Roger of Salsbury Simon of Worcester Roger of Coventry Jeffrey of bath ever of Norwich srth of Chichester Bernard of ATI Davids Owen of evro in Normandy John of SII on the fourth day after this was the King Henry

In Rochester when the town was almost consumed by fire and the Archbishop William consecrated the monastery of a Andrew and the afores said Bishops with him and the King Henry went oversea into Normandy in Harvest this same year came the Abbott Henry of Angeli after Easter to Peterboro and said that he had

Relinquished that Monastery 161 with all after him came the Abbot of clugny Peter by name to England by the king’s leave and wased by all withs soever he came with much respect to Peterboro he came and there the Abbott Henry promised him that he would procure him the minster of

Peterboro that it might be subject to kutney but it is said in the proverb the Hedge abideth that Acres divideth May God Almighty frustrate evil designs soon after this went the Abbot of cluggy home to his country this year was Angus slain by the army of the Scots

And there was a great multitude slain with him there was God’s fight sought upon him for that he was was all Forsworn ad 1,131 this year after Christmas on a Monday night at the first sleep was the heaven on the Northern Hemisphere 162 all as if it were burning fire so that

All who s it were so dismayed as they never were before that was on the third day before the IDS of January this same year was so great A M of cattle as never was before in the memory of man over all England that was

In neat cattle and in swine so that in a town where there were 10 plows going or 12 there was not left one and the man that had 200 or 300 swine had not one left afterwards perished the hen fowls then shortened the flesh meat and

The cheese and the butter may God better it when it shall be his will and the King Henry came home to England before Harvest after the mass of St Peter ADV vinula this same same year went the Abbott Henry before Easter from Peterboro oversea to Normandy and there

Spoke with the King and told him that the Abbot of cluggy had desired him to come to him and resigned to him the Abbey of Angeli after which he would go home by his leave and so he went home to his own Minster and there remained even to

Midsummer day and the next day after the Festival of a tea John chose the monks and Abbot of themselves brought him into the church in procession saying Dam lamus rang the bells set him on the Abbott’s Throne did him all homage as they should do their Abbot and the Earl

And all the head men and the monks of the Minster drove the other Abbott Henry out of the monastery and they had need for in 5 and 20 Winters had they never hailed one good day here failed him all his mighty crafts now it behoved him that he crop

In his skin into every corner if peradventure there were any unrested wrench one 63 whereby he might yet once more betray Christ and all Christian people then retired he into cluggy where he was held so fast that he could not move East or West the Abbot of cludy

Said that they had lost St John’s Minster through him and through his great sish then could he not better recompense them but he promised them and swore Oaths on the holy cross that if he might go to England he should get them the minster of Peterboro so that he should set there

The prior of clugny with a church Warden a Treasurer and a sacristan and all the things that were within the Minster and without he should procure for them thus he departed into France and there remained all that year Christ provided for The Wretched monks of Peterboro and

For that wretched place now do they need the help of Christ and of all Christian folk ad 1,132 this year came King Henry to this land then came Abbott Henry and betrayed the monks of Peterborough to the king because he would subject that Minster to cluggy so that the King was well nigh

Entrapped and sent after the monks but through the grace of God and through the bishop of Salsbury and the bishop of Lincoln and the other rich men that were there the king knew that he proceeded with treachery when he no more could do then would he that his nephew should be Abbott of

Peterboro but Christ forbade not very long after this was it that the king sent after him and made him give up the Abbey of Peterboro and go out of the land and the King gave the Abbey to a prior of St neats called Martin who came on St Peter’s mass day

With great pomp into the Minster ad 1,135 in this year went the King Henry oversea at the lamis and the next day as he lay asleep on ship the day darkened over all lands and the sun was all as it were a three night old moon and the

Stars about him at midday men were very much astonished and terrified and said that a great event should come Hereafter so it did for that same year was the King dead the next day after St andrewk Mass day in Normandy then was there soon tribulation in the land for every man that might

Soon robbed another then his sons and his friends took his body and brought it to England and buried it at Reading a good man he was and there was great dread of him no man Durst do wrong with another in his time peace he made for

Man and Beast who so bear his burthen of gold and silver Durst no man say ought to him but good meanwhile was his nephew come to England Steven deah he came to London and the people of London received him and sent after the Archbishop William kerbo and hallowed

Him to King on midwinter day in this king’s time time was all dissension and evil and rapen for against him Rose soon the rich men who were traitors and first of all Baldwin the reders who held exiter against him but the king beset it and afterwards Baldwin accorded then

Took the others and held their castles against him and David King of Scotland took to Wessington against him nevertheless their Messengers passed between them and they came together and were settled but it availed little ad 1,137 this year went the king Steven oversee to Normandy and there was

Received for that they concluded that he should be all such as the uncle was and because he had got his treasure but he dealed it out and Scattered it foolishly much had King Henry gathered gold and silver but no good did men for his soul thereof when the king Steven

Came to England he held his council at Oxford where he seized the bishop Roger of Sarah and Alexander Bishop of Lincoln and the chancellor Roger his nephew and threw all into prison till they gave up their castles when the traitors understood that he was a mild man and soft and good

And no justice executed then did they all wonder they had done him homage and sworn Oaths but they no truth maintained they were all Forsworn and forgetful of their trough for every rich man built his castles which they held against him and they filled the land full of castles they cruy oppressed The

Wretched men of the land with Castle works and when the castles were made they filled them with devils and evil men then took they Those whom they supposed to have any Goods both by night and by day laboring men and women and threw them into prison for their gold

And silver and inflicted on them unutterable tortures for never were any Martyrs so tortured as they were some they hanged up by the feet and smoked them with foul smoke and some by the thumbs or by the head and hung coats of maale on their feet they tied knotted strings about

Their heads and twisted them till the pain went to the brains they put them into dungeons wherein were adders and snakes and toads and so destroyed them some they placed in a cruet house that is in a chest that was short and narrow and not deep wherein they put sharp

Stones and so thrust the man therein that they broke all the limbs in many of the castles were things loathsome and Grim called sentes of which two or three men had enough to Bear one it was thus made that is fastened to a beam and they placed a sharp iron collar about the

Man’s throat and neck so that he could in no Direction either sit or lie or sleep but Bear all that iron many thousands they wore out with Hunger I neither can nor may I tell all the wounds and all the pains which they inflicted on wretched men in this land

This lasted the 19 Winters while Steven was King and it grew continually worse and worse they constantly laid guilds on the towns and called it teneri and when The Wretched men had no more to give then they plundered and burned all the towns that well thou mightest go a whole

Day’s Journey and never shouldest thou find a man sitting in a town nor the land tilled then was corn deer and flesh and and cheese and butter for none was there in the land wretched men starved of hunger some had recourse to Arms who were for a while rich men and some fled

Out of the land never yet was there more wretchedness in the land nor ever did Heathen men worse than they did for after a time they spared neither Church nor churchyard but took all the goods that were therein and then burned the church and all together neither did they

Spare a Bishop’s land or an Abbotts or a priests but plundered both monks and clerks and every man robbed another who could if two men or three came riding to a town all the township fled for them concluding them to be robbers the Bishops and learned men cursed them continually but the effect

Thereof was nothing to them for they were all accursed and Forsworn and abandoned to till the ground was to plow the sea the Earth bear no corn for the land was all waste by such deeds and they said openly that Christ slept and his Saints such things and more than we can

Say suffered we 19 Winters for our sins in all this evil time held Abbott Martin his absy 20 years and a half and 8 days with much tribulation and found the monks and the guests everything that behold them and held much charity in the house and not

Withstanding all this r on the church and set their two lands and rents and in enriched it very much and bestowed vestments upon it and he brought them into the new Minster on St Peter’s mass day with much pomp which was in the year from the Incarnation of Our Lord 1140

And in the 23rd from the destruction of the place by fire and he went to Rome and there was well received by the pope eugenius from whom he obtained their privileges one for all the lands of the Abbey and another for the lands that adjoined to the

Churchyard and if he might have lived longer so he meant to do concerning the treasury and he got in the lands that rich men retained by main strength of William maldu who held the castle of Rockingham he won Cottingham and Easton and of hudo Walterville he won hurtling

Brury and Stanwick and 60 Shillings from old Winkle each year and he made many monks and planted a vineard and constructed many works and made the town better than it was before he was a good Monk and a good man and for this reason reason God and good men loved him now we

Will relate in part what happened in King Steven’s time in his Reign the Jews of Norwich bought a Christian Child before Easter and tortured him after the same manner as our Lord was tortured and on Long Friday 1 164 hanged him on a rude in mockery of our Lord and

Afterwards buried him they supposed that it would be concealed but our Lord showed that he was a holy martyr and the monks took him and buried him with high honor in the Minster and through our Lord he worketh wonderful and manifold Miracles and is called EST William ad

1,138 in this year came David King of Scotland with an immense Army to this land he was ambitious to win this land but against him came William Earl of albamar to whom the king had committed York and other borderers with few men and fought against them and routed the

King at the stand Ed and slew very many of his gang ad 1,140 in this year wished the king Steven to take Robert Earl of Gloucester the son of King Henry but he could not for he was aware of it after this in the lent the sun and the day darkened about

The noon tide of the day when men were eating and they lighted candles to eat by that was the 13th day before the Cal of April men were very much struck with Wonder thereafter died William Archbishop of Canterbury and the King made Theobald Archbishop who was Abbott

Of Beck after this waxed a very great War betwix the King and Randolph Earl of Chester not because he did not give him all that he could ask him as he did to all others but ever the more he gave them the worse they were to him the Earl

Held Lincoln against the king and took away from him all that he ought to have and the King went thither and beset him and his brother William D Rari in the castle and the Earl stole out and went after Robert Earl of glower and brought him thither with a large army and they

Fought strenuously on candus day against their lord and took him for his men forsook him and fled and they led him to Bristol and they put him into prison in close quarters then was all England stirred more than air was and all evil was in the land afterwards came the daughter of

King Henry who had been Empress of German and now was Countess of ANW she came to London but the people of London attempted to take her and she fled losing many of her followers after this the bishop of Winchester Henry the brother of King Steven spake with Earl Robert and with

The empress and swore them Oaths that he never more would hold with the King his brother and cursed all the men that held with him and told them that he would give them up Winchester and he caused them to come thither when they were therein then came

The kingk queen with all her strength and beset them so that there was great hunger therein when they could no longer hold out then stole they out and fled but those without were aware and followed them and took Robert Earl of glower and led him to Rochester and put

Him there into prison but the empress fled into a monastery then went the wise men between the king’s friends and the Earl’s friends and settled so that they should let the king out of prison for the Earl and the Earl for the king and so they

Did after this settled the king and Earl Randolph at Stamford and swore Oaths and plighted their trough that neither should betray the other but it availed nothing for the king afterwards took him at Northampton through Wicked counsel and put him into prison and soon after he let him out again through worse

Counsel on the condition that he swore by the crucifix and found hostages that he would give up all his castles some he gave up and some gave he not up and did then worse than he otherwise would then was England very much divided some held with the King and some with the empress

For when the King was in prison the Earls and the rich Men supposed that he never more would come out and they settled with the empress and brought her into Oxford and gave her the burrow when the King was out he heard of this and took his force and beset her in the

Tower 165 and they let her down in the night from the tower by ropes and she stole out and fled and went on foot to Wallingford afterward she went oversea and those of Normandy turned all from the King to the Earl of ANW some willingly and some against their will

For he beset them till they gave up their castles and they had no help of the king then went Eustace the King’s son to France and took to wife the sister of the king of France he thought to obtain Normandy thereby but he sped little and by good right for

He was an evil man wherever he was he did more evil than good he robbed the lands and levied heavy guilds upon them he brought his wife to England and put her into the castle at 166 good woman she was but she had little Bliss with him and Christ would

Not that he should long Reign he therefore soon died and his mother also and the Earl of andw died and his son Henry took to the earldom and the queen of France parted from the King and she came to the young Earl Henry and he took

Her to wife and all pu with her then went he with a large Force into England and won some castles and the King went against him with a much larger Force nevertheless fought they not but the Archbishop and the wise men went between them and made this settlement that the

King should be Lord Lord and King while he lived and after his day Henry should be king that Henry should take him for a father and he him for a son that peace and Union should be betwix them and in all England this and the other Provisions

That they made swore the king in the Earl to observe and all the Bishops and the Earls and the rich men then was the Earl received at Winchester and at London with great worship and all did him homage and swore to keep the peace and there was soon so good a peace as

Never was there before then was the king stronger than he ever was before and the Earl went oversea and all people loved him for he did good Justice and made peace ad 1,154 in this year died the king Steven and he was buried where his wife and his

Son were buried at faam which Monastery they founded when the king died then was the Earl Beyond sea but no no man Durst do other than good for the great fear of him when he came to England then was he received with great worship and blessed

To King in London on the Sunday before midwinter day and there held he a full court the same day that Martin Abbot of Peterborough should have gone neither then sickened he and died on the fourth day before the GN of January and the monks within the day chose another of

Themselves whose name was William de Walterville 16 seven a good Clerk and good man and wellbeloved of the king and of all good men and all the monks buried the Abbot with high honors and soon the newly chosen Abbott and the monks with him went to Oxford to the king and the

King gave him the absy and he proceeded soon afterwards to Peterboro where he remained with the Abbot a he came home and the King was received with great worship at Peterboro in full procession and so he was also at Ramsey and at thorny and at and at Spalding and

At end Notes One this introductory part of the chronicle to an I first printed by Gibson from the LA Ms only has been corrected by a collation of two additional mizes in the British museum cotton Tiberius blv and demissus 8 some defects are also here supplied the materials of this part are

To be found in plyy salinus orosius gildas and bead the admeasurement of the island however inaccurate is from the best authorities of those times and followed by much later historians two Gibson following the LA Ms has made six nations of five by introducing the British and Welsh as two

Distinct tribes three the track to armor cono B ecclesiastical history I I the word Armenia occurring a few lines of above in bead it was perhaps inadvertently written by the Saxon compiler of the chronicle instead of armorica four in case of a disputed succession boy residential venin Dum Etc be ecclesiastical history

I i five Riata alur riuda bead hunt Etc perhaps it was originally Rua or rioa six this is an error arising from the inaccurately written MSS of orosius and beid where in hiberia and in Hibernian occur for in hiberna the error is retained in wellx bead seven leenus equals

Liberus venerable bead also and orosius whom he follows verbatim have leenus it is probably a mistake of some very ancient scribe who improperly supplied the abbreviation laus for liberus by leenus eight of these early transactions in Britain King Alfred supplies us with a brief but circumstantial account in his Saxon paraphrase of

Orosius nine 8 die aprilis Flor M West 10 Gibbon regrets this chronology I.E from the creation of the world which he thinks preferable to the vulgar mode from the Christian era but how vague and uncertain the scale which depends on a point so remote and undetermined as the

Precise time when the world was created if we examine the chronometers of different writers we shall find a difference between the maximum and the minimum of 3,368 years the Saxon chronology seems to be founded on that of uus which approaches the medium between the two extr dreams 11 and 42

Floor this act is attributed by orosius and beid who follows him to the threatening conduct of Caligula with a remark that it was he pilate who condemned our Lord to death 12 and 48 floor see the account of this famine in King Alfred’s orosius 13 those writers who mention

This discovery of the Holy Cross by Helena the mother of Constantine disagree so much in their chronology that it is a vain attempt to reconcile them to truth or to each other this and the other notices of ecclesiastical matters whether Latin or Saxon from the

Year 190 to the year 380 of the LW Ms and 381 of the printed Chronicle may be safely considered as interpolations probably posterior to the Norman Conquest 14 this is not to be understood strictly gold being used as a general term for money or coin of every description great quantities of which it

Is well known have been found at different times and in many different places in this island not only of gold but of silver brass copper Etc 15 an interpolated Legend from the jesta pontificum repeated by bead Florence math West forun and others the head was said to be carried to

Adessa 16 merely of those called from him benedictines but the compiler of the cotton Ms who was probably a monk of that order seems not to acknowledge any other Matthew of Westminster places his death in 536 17 for an interesting and minute account of the arrival of Augustine and

His companions in the aisle of thanet there entrance into Canterbury and their General reception in England vid beid history ecclesiast AES I 25 and the following chapters with the Saxon translation by King Alfred the succeeding historians have in general repeated the very words of bead 18 it was originally perhaps in the M

IC the abbreviation for 1,200 which is the number of the slain in bead the total number of the monks of angor is said to have been 2,100 most of whom appear to have been employed in prayer on this occasion and only 50 Escape by flight vbid history

Ecclesiastes 2 two and the tribe of Latin historians who copy him 19 literally swinged or scourged him both beid and Alfred Begin by recording the matter as a vision or a dream whence the transition is easy to a matter of fact as here stated by the Norman interpolators of the Saxon animals 20

This epithet appears to have been inserted in some copies of the Saxon chronical so early as the 10th Century to distinguish the Bold church or Minster at Winchester from that new consecrated ad 903 21 Beverly Minster in Yorkshire 22 he was a native of Tarsus in cicia the

Birthplace of St Paul 23 this brief notice of drelm for so I find the name written in Cotton Tiberius before is totally unintelligible without a reference to beads ecclesiastical history V12 where a curious account of him may be found which is copied by Matthew of Westminster ano

699 25 wnb Ethel onik moms wberry H hunt waden bear floor wenb M West there is no reason therefore to transfer the scene of action to Woodbridge as some have supposed from an erroneous reading 26 the establishment of the English school at Rome is attributed to AA a full

Account of which and of the origin of Rome Scott or Peter Pence for the support of it may be seen in Matthew of Westminster 27 Bor fora Ethel Bor fora Flor Herford and barford H hunt beer for M West this battle of berford has been considerably Amplified by Henry of

Huntington and after him by Matthew of Westminster the former among other absurdities talks of Amazonian battle axes they both mention the banner of the golden dragon Etc 28 the minuteness of this narrative combined with the Simplicity of it proves that it was written at no great distance of time

From the event it is the first that occurs of any length in the older MSS of the Saxon Chronicle 29 penga in the original IE of Pence or in Pence because the silver penny derived from the Roman daaras was the standard coin in this country for more than a thousand years

It was also used as a wait being the 20th part of an ounce 30 since called Sheriff I.E the Rev or Steward of the Shire exactor Regis DOL 31 this is the Grecian method of computation between the hours of 3: and 6: in the morning it must be recollected that

Before the distribution of time into hours minutes and seconds the day and night were divided into eight equal portions containing 3 hours each and this method was continued long afterwards by historians 32 this wanting Act of barbarity seems to have existed only in the depraved imagination of the Norman

Interpolator of the Saxon anals who eagerly and impatiently dispatches the story thus in order to introduce the subsequent account of the CATE at bapchild so important in his eyes Hoven and Wallingford and others have repeated the idol tale but I have not hitherto found it in any historian of authority

33 St kenel is said to have succeeded sen wolf in the four and 20th year of his kingdom kenol went out of this world and to the joy of heing C it was after that our Lord in his motor aligi 800 yet in natine by accounts

Rigged St kenam his young son in his send year KW was a mad after him F were v s kenami Ms call Trin Oxon number 57 Arch 34 I.E the Danes or as they are sometimes called North which is a general term including all those numerous tribes that issued at

Different times from the north of Europe whether Danes Norwegians swans Judes or Goths Etc who were all in a state of paganism at this time 35 eus Asser Ethel word Etc we have therefore adopted this orthography 36 it is now generally written as pronounced swanic 37 for a more circum irum

Stantial account of the Danish or Norman operations against Paris at this time the reader May consult filian histor de laille de Paris live three and the authorities cited by him in the margin this is that celebrated Siege of Paris minutely described by Abbot of flury in two books of Latin hexameters which

However barbarous contain some curious and authentic matter relating to the history of that period 38 this bridge was built bu or rebuilt on a larger plan than before by Charles de bald in the year 861 to prevent the Danes or Normans says filian for making themselves masters of Paris

So easily as they had already done so many times Etc poor andure K Les Norman n renesent Ms to Paris AI Felman CHS Eloy and Asia fate Talis Etc volume 1 page 91 folio it is supposed us to be the famous bridge afterwards called Grand Pont or Ponto

Change the most ancient bridge at Paris and the only one which existed at this time 39 or in Holmesdale sui hence the proverb this is Holmesdale never conquered never shall 40 the Pirates Of Armor now britania so-called because they Abode day and night in their ships from lid a ship and

Witan to watch or abide day and night 41 so I understand the word Gibson from wellik says in tatus Vigor a fact contradicted by the statement of almost every historian names of places seldom occur in Old MSS with capital initials 42 I.E the Feast of the Holy Innocence a festival of great

Antiquity 43 I.E the secular clergy who abs OB serve no rule opposed to the regulars or monks 44 this poetical affusion on the coronation or rather consecration of King Edgar as well as the following on his death appears to be imitated in Latin verse by eward at the end of his curious

Chronicle this seems at least to prove that they were both written very near the time as also the eulogy on his Reign inserted 959 45 the following Passage from cotton Tiberius before relating to the accession of Edward the Martyr should be added here in his days on account of his

Youth the opponents of God broke through God’s laws alfir Alderman and others many and Mar monastic rules minsters they raised and monks drove away and put God’s laws to flight laws that King Edgar commanded the holy St Ethel W Bishop firmly to settle widows they stripped of and at random many breaches

Of right and many bad laws have Arisen since and after times prove only worse then two was oslac the mighty Earl hunted from England’s Shores 46 Florence of Worcester mentions three senates this year kinage KH and Amber byri 47 vid history Aliens 2 six he was a great

Benefactor to the Church of elely 48 this was probably the veteran historian of that name who was killed in the severe encounter with the Danes at Alton eth inadine in the year0001 49 iie at caner B he was chosen or nominated before by King Ethel red in

His council at asbery vid and 994 this notice of his consecration which is confirmed by Florence of Worcester is now first admitted into the text on the authority of 3 MSS 50 not the present District so-called but all that north of the Sea of SN as opposed to West Wales another name for

Cornwall 51 see a more full and circumstantial account of these events with some variation of names in Florence of Worcester 52 the successor of Alia or Ali in the sea of Winchester on the translation of the latter to the arch Episcopal sea of Canterbury 53 this passage though very important is rather

Confused from the variations in the mes so that it is difficult to ascertain the exact proportion of ships and AR armor which each person was to furnish vid flen 108 54 these expressions in the present tense afford a strong proof that the original records of these transactions are nearly coeval with the transactions

Themselves later mizes used the past tense 55 I.E The chilon Hills from which the Southeastern part of o for Shire is called the children District 56 leoa abatis do floor the insertion of this quotation from Florence of Worcester is important as it confirms the reading adopted in the text the abbreviation ABT

Instead of ab seems to Mark the abbis she was the last abis of St Mildred’s in the aisle of thanet not canterberry as harpsfield and lamard say 57 this was a title bestowed on the queen 58 the seven towns mentioned above are reduced here to five probably because two had already

Submitted to the King on the death of the two thingss sigr and morar these five were as originally Lester Lincoln Stamford Nottingham and Derby vidan 942 13 59 there is a marked difference respecting the name of this Alderman in Miz some have ethy as above others elf wine

And Ethel wine the two last may be reconciled as the name in either case would now be elwin but ethy and Elsie are widely different Florence of Wester not only supports the authority of Ethel wine but explains it de amichi 60 Matthew of Westminster says

The king took up the body with his own hands 61 Lea removed the sea to exitor 62 so Florence of Worcester whose authority we here follow for the sake of perspicuity though some of these events are placed in the mizes to very different years as the story of beor 63

I.E the ships of Swain who had retired thither as before described 64 vid floor ad. 1049 and verbatim from him in the same year Sim dunal interx script page 184 I 10 see also or derus vitales ad 1050 this dedication of the Church of EST Remy a structure well worth the

Attention of the architectural antiquary is still commemorated by an annual lawyer or Fair on the 1st of October at which the editor was present in the year 1815 and purchased at a stall a valuable and scarce history of re from which he extracts the following account of the

Senate mentioned above i f assemble Elan de dedic deel EG Chu herar AB dece monaster avoid fate batter s parles liberalitas Etc history DARS page 226 but according to our Chronicle the pope took occasion from this Senate to make some general regulations which concerned all Christendom 65 hman and

Aldred who went on a mission to the pope from King Edward as stated in the preceding year 66 nine ships were put out of commission the year before but five being left on the pay list for a 12-month they were also now laid up 67 the ancient name of Westminster which

Came into disuse because there was another thorny in cambrid here 68 iie at Gloucester according to the printed chronic icle which omits all that took place in the meantime at London and sovic 69 now Westminster 70 I.E Earl Godwin and his crew 71 I.E from the Isle of Portland

Where Godwin had landed after the plunder of the Isle of white 72 IE dungeon s where they collected all the ships stationed in the Great Bay formed by the ports of Romney hie and folkstone 73 I.E Godwin and his son Harold 74 I.E the tide of the river 75

Godwin’s earlom consisted of Wessex Sussex and Kent swains of Oxford Gloucester Herford sumerset and birkshire and Heralds of Essex East Anglia Huntington and cambridgshire 76 the church dedicated to St alavi was given by alen Earl of Richmond about 33 years afterward Wards to the first Abbot

Of St Mary’s in York to assist him in the construction of the new Abbey it appears from a Ms quoted by Leland that bumar was formerly called galman heai not galman lith as printed by Tanner and others 77 called St ethelbert’s Minster because the relics of the holy king

Ethelbert were there deposited and preserved 78 the place where this Army was assembled though said to be very nigh to Herford was only so with reference to the great distance from which some part of the forces came as they were gathered from all England they met I conjecture on the memorable spot

Called herold’s cross near cheltonham and then proceeded as here stated to Gloucester 79 this was no uncommon thing among the Saxon clergy Bishops and all the tone of elevated diction in which the writer describes the military Enterprise of leaker and his companions testifies his admiration a 80 see more

Concerning him in Florence of Worcester his lady gadiva is better known at covantry see her story at large in bronton and Matthew of Westminster 81 he died at his Villa at Bramley Bramley in Staffordshire dot floor 82 he built a new church from the foundation on a larger plan the

Monastery existed from the earliest times 83 Florence of Worcester says that he went through Hungary to Jerusalem 84 this must not be confounded with a Spire steeple the expression was used to denote a tower long before spires were invented 85 Li interprets it erroneously the Festival of St martin.

Add s Martini fesm whereas the expression relates to the place not to the time of his death which is mentioned immediately afterward 86 this throda on the death of Edward the Confessor will be found to correspond both in meter and expression with the poetical paraphrase of Genesis

Ascribed to Cadman 87 these facts though stated in 1 ms only prove the early cooperation of toy with the king of Norway it is remarkable that this statement is confirmed by snore who says that tosty was with Harold the king of Norway in all these expeditions vid antique celto scanned page

204 88 iie Herald King of England our King as we find him afterwards called him before to distinguish him from Herold king of Norway 89 not only the 12 smacks with which he went into Scotland during the summer as before stated but an accession of force from all quarters

90 on the North Bank of of the US according to Florence of Worcester the enemy having landed at rich halil now Rick Cal Simeon of Durham names the spot aut fulford I.E fulford water south of the city of York 91 it is scarcely necessary to observe that the term

English begins about this time to be substituted for angles and that the Normans are not merely the Norwegians but the Danes and other adventurers from the north joined with the forces of France and FL ERS who we shall presently see overwhelmed by their numbers the expiring Liberties of England the Franks

Begin also to assume the name of Franciscan or Frenchman 92 I.E in the Expedition against the usurper William 93 I.E threw off their allegiance to the Norman usurper and became voluntary Outlaws the habits of these Outlaws or at least of their imitators and descendants in The Next Century are

Well described in the romance of ivanho 94 the author of The Gorman poem printed by spark elevates his diction to a higher tone when describing the feasts of this same her Ward whom he calls Lich Hardy 95 or much coin many skety such being the denomination of the silver money of the

Saxons 96 Florence of Worcester and those who follow him say that William proceeded as far as Abernathy where Malcolm met him and surrendered to him 97 whence he sailed to britania according to flor s dunam Etc but according to Henry of Huntington he fled directly to Denmark returning afterwards

With nut and hacko who invaded England with a fleet of 200 sail 98 I.E Earl wall Thief 99 this notice of St petronilla whose name and existence seem scarcely to have been known to the Latin historians we owe exclusively to the valuable Ms cotton tiberious blv yet if ever female Saint deserved to

Be commemorated as a conspicuous example of early piety in Christian Zeal it must be petronilla 100 the brevity of our Chronicle here and in the two following years in consequence of the termination of cotton Tiberius be 4 is remarkable from the year 1083 it assumes a character more decidedly angl Norman

101 I.E in the service by teaching them a new fangle chant brought from Fest champ in Normandy instead of that to which they had been accustomed and which is called the Gregorian chant 102 literally a feared of them I.E terrified by them 3 probably along the open galleries

In the upper story of the choir 104 San in its first sense signifies to strike violently when the term Sledgehammer this consideration will remove the supposed pleonasm in the Saxon phrase which is here literally translated 105 Guild saxs which in this instance was a land tax of one shilling to a yard

Land 100 6 and of clav kir king of Norway vid antique selto scanned 107 because there was a mutiny in the Danish Fleet which was carried to such a height that the King after his return to Denmark was slain by his own subjects vid antique selto scan also are Chronicle ad

1087 108 I.E a fourth part of an acre 109 at Winchester where the king held his court at Easter in the following year and the survey was accordingly deposited there whence it was called rochus winon and liar winon 110 an evident illusion to the compilation of Doomsday Book already described in ad.

1085 111 Upland Sachs I.E Village Church 112 I.E jurisdiction we have adopted the modern title of the district but the Saxon term occurs in many of the ancient evidences of Berkeley castle3 I.E of the conspirators 114 literally became his man I see become your man was the

Formula of doing homage 115 literally a gossip but such are the changes which words undergo in their meaning as well as in their form that a title of Honor for formerly implying a spiritual relationship in God is now applied only to those whose conversation resembles the contemptible titl tattle of a

Christening 116 from this expression it is evident that though preference was naturally and properly given to hereditary claims the monarchy of Scotland as well as of England was in principal elective the doctrine of hereditary of divine of indefeasible right is of modern growth 117 see the following year

Towards the end where Duncan is said to be slain 118 Pavan which is the connecting link between pavian and puu 119 now called Southampton to distinguish it from Northampton but the common people in both neighborhoods generally say Hampton to this day 1823 120 the title is now Earl of

Shrewsbury 121 the 4th of April vid or vit 122 commonly called Peter Pence 123 literally headmen or chiefs the term is still retained with a slight variation in the north of Europe as the hetman plat off of celebrated memory 124 this name is now written improperly kadan though the ancient pronunciation

Continues kadang and wave erroneously perhaps for kadun 25 it was evidently therefore not on miklus day but during the continuance of the mass or Festival which was celebrated till the octave following 126 in the original he so that the Saxons agreed with them Greeks and Romans with respect to the gender of a

Comet 127 literally took leave hence the modern phrase to signify the departure of one person from another which in feudal times could not be done without leave or permission formally obtained 128 that is within the 12 days after Christmas or the interval between Christmas Day properly called The

Nativity and the Epiphany the of which was called Christmas tide or U tide and was dedicated to feasting in mirth 129 the king of Norway and his men vid Flor 130 his Monument is still to be seen there a plain gravestone of black marble of the common shape called do

Dean such as are now frequently seen though of inferior materials in the churchyards of villages and are only one removed from the grassy sod one 131 I.E before he left Winchester for London literally they’re right an expression still used in many parts of England neither does the word directly which in

Its turn has almost become too vulgar to be used nor its substitute immediately which has nearly superseded it appear to answer the purpose so well as the Saxon which is equally expressive with the French sir lamp 132 this expression shows the adherence of the writer to the Saxon line of kings

And his consequent satisfaction in recording this Alliance of Henry with the daughter of Margaret of Scotland 133 ovia at that time was an independent Province and formed no part of France about the middle of the 14th century we find Jane Countess of ovia and balone and queen of France assisting in the

Dedication of the Church of the carites at Paris together with Queen Jean dievil third wife and Widow of Charles ivth blanch of naar Widow of Philip I 6 and Jean the France queen of Nar dot phelip histar De Paris volume 1 page 356 134 a title taken from a town in

Normandy now generally written Mortin or Mortin the Meridian de morono Floor 135 Cena Domin commonly called Monday Thursday 136 now tinab 137 Matilda matild orod 138 Henry V of Germany the son of Henry IV 139 or in the early part of the night Etc 140 that is the territory was not a

Fe simple but subject to Tage or Taxation and that particular species is probably here in 10 which is called in old French enage an expression not very different from that in the text above 141 I.E to the earlom of Flanders 142 menulio do floor 143 we have still the form of

Saying nalo episcopy when a c is offered to a bishop 144 I East born in Sussex where the King was waiting for a fair wind to carry him oversea 145 the Nativity of the Virgin Mary 146 I.E an enclosure or park for deer this is now called blenham Park and

Is one of the few old Parks which still remain in this country 147 this may appear rather an anticipation of the modern sea of Salsbury which was not then in existence the burrow of old Saturn or sberry being then the Episcopal seat 148 St oth in Essex a prior rebuilt

A 1118 for Cannons of the Augustine order of which there are considerable remains 149 I.E of the Earl of Anu 150 the writer means the remainder of this year for the Feast of Pentecost was already passed before the king left England 151 the pennies or Pence it must be

Remembered were of silver at this time 152 I.E clergy and Ley 153 this word is still in use but in a sense somewhat different as qualms of conscience Etc 154 see an account of him in or vit 544 Conan another son of this Allen Earl of Britney married a daughter of Henry the

155 IE Henry King of England 156 ASC night the space of seven nights as we still say a fortn night I.E the space of 14 nights the French expressed the space of One Week by hu jwes the origin of the octave in English law of two by can shures so septim signifies seven

Mornings when the French word seain 157 literally one vid choser canterberry Tales V 7745 in Scotland a lazy indolent manner of doing anything is called droning one8 the Abbott Henry of Angeli 159 Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing Etc Psalms 160 I.E the vexed harassed

Fatigued Etc Milton has used the word in the last sense 161 the monastery of Angeli 162 Aurora Borealis or the Northern Lights 163 any Restless maneuver or strategy both words occur in choser C troilus and cide v355 and canterberry tales V1 16549 the idea seems to be taken from

The habits of destructive and undermining Vermin 164 now called Good Friday 165 the Tower of the castle at Oxford built by doily which Still Remains 166 the MS is here deficient 167 or Vaudeville