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Hi everybody nice to see you hi you’re on time nice to see you um if you can hear me put a plus in the chat um just so I know that you can hear me and everything’s working fine that would be great just put a plus in the chat for me hi everybody
Okay so this is our last uh a level biology free stream we’re going to be doing the nitrogen cycle today so thanks for joining us yeah I’ll give you a few seconds just put a plus in the chat if you can hear me hi Darcy nice to see you hi okay
Okay right so the aim of our lesson today is to go through the nitrogen cycle and hopefully just clarify all of the different stages um so by the end of the of the stream you’ll be able to draw your nitrogen cycle describe all of the stages and all of the different bacteria
That are involved hi Celeste nice to see you okay so if you’re doing a AQA a level biology um then you cover both the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle if you’re doing um OCR a level biology um you’ll know that you do the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle as
Well um so we’re going to go through the nitrogen cycle today which is one of the important nutrient Cycles um at the end of the presentation I’m going to talk to you a little bit about our January a-level biology ol course which if you’ve been here before you’ll know it’s our a-level exam
Preparation course that we’re launching in January to help you prepare for your a-level exams okay so if you could just type something into the chat let me know a little bit about yourself whereabouts in the country you are from um what subjects you are studying what bits of biology you find
Most difficult anything like that just to kind of introduce yourself let me know that you’re here and I will tell you a little bit about myself for anyone that is new to our biology streams so my name is Laura um I am a biology teacher I’ve
Been teaching for over 15 years um I’ve taught in both schools and in six form colleges I obviously did a-level biology and then went on to study biology at University I went to Manchester University from there I went straight into teaching so I did my teaching qualification in secondary science and
Since then I’ve been teaching students right the way through from year seven to year 13 most recently um I’ve been head of biology in a six form college so I’ve been focused on a-level biology both AQA and OCR um and I’ve also done a lot of work with biology exam
Boards um I’ve done a lot of marking for the exam boards so hopefully I will be able to give you some insight into how to best answer the questions and how to make sure you get maximum marks so that all of you can get a and AAR grades in
Your a level exams that’s the AIM isn’t it we all want to get those top grades so we can go on to our chosen university courses which I know a lot of you will be wanting to do science hopefully biology because it is the best the best science subject okay um
So the rules to follow we don’t have many rules for these streams but the most important is that you answer H sorry you ask all the questions that you want to ask you can type them into the chat I will be watching the chat throughout the Stream
So if you’ve got any questions I will answer them for you live in the lesson um or the moderators that we’ve got in the in the chat as well will help me if I miss any of your questions or if you’ve got specific questions about the course that’s launching in January the
Moderators will be a able to answer those questions for you so feel free to engage type as much as you like into the chat and there’s no silly questions that’s what we always say so just ask away this is your opportunity to make sure you fully understand this topic
When maybe you didn’t fully understand it the first time you went through it in school uh We’ve also prepared some study notes for you um I don’t know if any of you have received your study notes from previous lessons let me know if you have
In the chat let me know if they’ve been useful um but we’ve prepared some study notes on the nitrogen cycle um and they pretty much match up to our presentation today so you can go back through it and obviously have a go answering all the questions in there and
Doing some extra revision after the live stream okay let’s get started we’ve got quite a complex topic to go through tonight but as always we’re going to simplify it down and make it really easy to understand so that you all feel confident after the end of the
Lesson right first thing we need to consider then is why is nitrogen so important why are we B ing to learn about the nitrogen cycle well it’s because all living things need nitrogen um all living things need nitrogen to make certain compounds that contain nitrogen so I’ve just given you
A few examples here of um biological molecules that all living things need to make and to make these compounds we would need nitrogen so you’ll already know if you’re in year 13 that amino acids which make up proteins contain nitrogen DNA obviously contains nitrogen as does RNA can anyone tell me
Which bit of the DNA nucleotide or which bit of the RNA nucleotide contains nitrogen put your answers into the chat which part of those nucleotides actually contain the nitrogen let me know if you can answer that we’ve got some other um nitrogen containing compounds as well just just
Hidden behind my chair we’ve got ATP ATP contains nitrogen again let me know if you can tell me which part of ATP contains nitrogen and I’ve put a a fifth example which is NAD um I’ve included that example because if you were here a couple of weeks ago we talked about aerobic
Respiration and we talked about a co-enzyme called NAD that also contains nitrogen so that is something you could list as a nitrogen containing compound do remember to write in the chat I can’t see many answers currently but I’m sure there are lots of you there
That know which bit of DNA which bit of RNA contain nitrogen let me just give you a little a little bit of help here so DNA just find okay so DNA is made of nucleotides right same is RNA RNA is also made of nucleotides but which bit of the nucleotide contains
Nitrogen it’s this bit here isn’t it this bit here is the base yeah good thank you this is the base and we’ve got a RNA nucleotide over here that’s the base and you’ll remember in fact shr’s just said it we call it a nitrogenous base because that’s the bit that
Contains nitrogen Okay so we’ve got nitrogen in DNA in the base we’ve got nitrogen in RNA in the base we all know the amino acid right contains nitrogen do a bit of revision revision of that while we’re here as well here’s my amino acid and look that contains nitrogen
So all of these things contain nitrogen which is why the nitrogen cycle is important because all living things need nitrogen you could be asked in your exam to name two compounds that contain nitrogen so you’d have to give two of these five possible answers okay right so
78% of our atmosphere is made of nitrogen so you’d think it would be quite easy for us to get enough nitrogen but it’s actually not because plants and animals can’t make use of nitrogen gas what has to happen is the nitrogen gas which is N2 so that’s nitrogen gas
In the atmosphere nitrogen gas first has to get into the soil so that plants can actually absorb it and then obviously animals eat the plants and that’s how we get our nitrogen and or we eat other animals that’s how we get our nitrogen but 78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but
Like I say we do need to get it into the soil before living things can actually make use of it so we’re going to go through how that works and we’re going to look at the five main stages of the nitrogen cycle so I’ve given you the names of the
Stages here now currently this will seem like gobble de it looks very confusing very complicated the words but we’re going to look at a diagram which is going to help us understand what these five main stages actually are okay so this diagram I think is the best diagram of the nitrogen cycle
You’ll see lots of different diagrams and if you look in textbooks and revision guides or online can be quite confusing but I always like to use this diagram CU I think it’s simple it’s easy to follow so hopefully this will help you especially if you get the study notes you can learn
This one off by heart let me know in the chat if you have already learned the nitrogen cycle so if you’re in year 13 just let me know if you’ve already covered this in school if you have maybe let me know how you found it did you find it difficult um did you
Find it quite easy to understand or was this something that you struggled with let me know I’m sorry sorry about my voice today guys I’m absolutely full of cold I don’t know if any of you are just in time for Christmas I’ve got a runny nose and a sore throat um so I
Sound a little bit horse hopefully we’ll be better by Christmas Celeste do you have how did you find it Celeste did you find it straightforward did you struggle with it hi Joel how you doing oh Joel is one of my students nice to have you here Joel Joel
I’ve already taught you this so you should be an absolute expert you should know this off by heart um it depends what exam board you’re doing what chapter is this a part of if you’re doing AQA it’s module five so let me know what exam board you’re doing right let’s make a start
Then we’re going to go through we’re going to split it into five stages because you need to chunk it up it’s too big a topic if you try and like learn it Allin one go you’ll probably overwhelm yourself so what I say to my students is
Like chunk it up and memor Mize it in chunks and then piece it all together Celeste saying not too bad good that’s good to hear Celeste well hopefully after our lesson today you’ll be a real expert in it right let’s start with nitrogen fixation so nitrogen fixation is this
Stage here okay so basically with nitrogen fixation we’re going to take nitrogen gas remember there’s 78% of it in the atmosph spere but plants and animals can’t use it so we’re going to take that nitrogen gas and we’re going to convert it into ammonia in the
Soil so let’s have a look at how that works I’m going to put the next slide on before you look at the text I know there’s a lot of text there so before you look at that let’s just simplify it over here we’re going to take nitrogen
Gas in the atmosphere and we’re going to convert it into ammonia now if you’re a chemist and you like using formula ammonia is NH3 see I’m a biologist so I tend to use words um and that is fine I think I’d be worried in the exam that I would forget
All the chemical formula so I like sticking with words I think us biologists do that a lot don’t we so you can just say nitrogen is converted to ammonia that’s absolutely fine but if you want to say N2 is converted to NH3 you can do that as well hi Shakira
Nice to have you here um okay so that’s nitrogen fixation so ignore all the words for now because if you can just say this if you can just say nitrogen gas is converted into ammonia that’s the gist of it it’s that simple the reason we’ve got some more text over
Here is because because there are two different types of bacteria that do this okay so they’re all called nitrogen fixing bacteria because don’t forget the stage is called nitrogen fixation so we call them nitrogen fixing bacteria there are two different types okay so some of
Them are just in the soil we call them the Freel living nitrogen fixing bacteria and they are just in the soil and in the soil they convert nitrogen gas into ammonia others are second type of nitrogen fixing bacteria actually live inside the root nodules of certain plants not all plants have nitrogen
Fixing bacteria in their Roots it’s just a group of plants called the legumes or the leguminous plants um luminous plants are things like I’ve put peas beans and clover and soy plants as well so they actually have these bacteria inside their Roots which does give them a big Advantage because
They can convert nitrogen gas into ammonia inside their own Roots so they’re kind of they’re not competing with other plants for ammonia in the soil because they’ve got their own little little army of bacteria in their roots that can make ammonia for them from nitrogen gas just
Going to show you a picture actually on the next slide we’ll come back to that in a second this is what I mean so these are um obviously roots of a leguminous can’t spell that leguminous there we go leguminous plants so plants like peas or beans or Clover that are what we call
Legumes and can you see these root nodules here so these are root nodules and in the root nodules is nitrogen fixing bacteria okay and remember what that nitrogen fixing bacteria does just repeat it over here converts nitrogen gas into ammonia okay so that’s stage one okay let’s just go
Back just go back for a second okay so this is stage one this is what we’ve just covered nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or NH3 the only extra thing to remember is there are two types of bacteria that can do this we’ve got the Free
Living nitrogen fixing bacteria and we’ve also got nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules of leg legumes or luminous plants okay um as anyone heard of the word mutualistic so if I just go back to this slide these nitrogen fixing bacteria are what we say um we call them mutualistic
Does anyone know what that means do you want to type it into the chat and let me know we say that these ones are mutualistic what does that mean mutualistic just think about the word mutual that’s going to give you a a clue as to what it means Celeste you’ve done this before
Joel I know you’ve done this before what does mutualistic mean okay because they’re they’re in here the bacteria they’re in the root nodules they are fixing nitr and gas into ammonia but we say that they have a mutualistic relationship with the plant I’m not sure anyone is able to answer
This question we’re not sure what mutualistic means it basically means that um both the species benefit they’re both getting something out of the relationship it’s a mutualistic relationship okay Celeste yeah so mutualistic like if something’s Mutual it’s like we we use it to mean like they’re in agreement but in this sense we’re
Saying that they they both get something from the relationship so the plant is obviously gaining because the plant is getting a source of ammonia um but the bacteria are gaining as well because the bacteria actually can get glucose from the plants so as you all know I’m sure
Plants make gluc make glucose in respiration and the bacteria can actually use that glucose for their own respiration so the plant is getting a source of nitrogen from the bacteria and the bacteria is getting a source of glucose from the plant so if you see that word in future mutualistic means
That they’re they’re both kind of benefiting from the relationship and living kind of in harmony living in harmony together let’s say it like that okay right so that’s Nitro uh nitrogen fixation I’m going to just build up actually I’m going to build up my um nitrogen cycle over on this
Side because it’s always handy to have a little sketch have a little sketch of it as you’re learning about it um Okay so we’ve done stage one which is nitrogen fixation now we’re going to do stage two which is nitrification okay so nitrification is a twostep process so we’ve got nitrogen gas we
Fixed it into ammonia with nitrification we’re going to take that ammonia and we’re going to convert it into nitrites again for the chemists suppose you might want the chemical formula you don’t have to use them if if you’re not um confident with them as biologists you
Don’t have to use them but we’re going to take ammonia which is our NH3 here and we’re going to convert it in two stages so it gets converted into nitrites and then into nitrates and this is called nitrification so it makes sense that it’s done by nitrifying bacteria okay so it’s called
Nitrification and it’s done by nitrifying bacteria It’s actually an example of oxidation hopefully you can see that once you look at the chemical formula you’re gaining oxygen here and then you’re gaining another oxygen here so it’s an example of oxidation so it occurs well in air rated soils basically
Soils that have a lot of oxygen in them you’ll get a lot of nitrification and a lot of nitrifying bacteria um has anyone ever seen you know Farmers kind of plowing the fields turning over the soil that is helping to aate the soil or get oxygen into the soil because it does
Help with the fertility of the soil if it’s oxygenated then this process of nitrification will happen more and you’ll end up with more nitrates in the soil which is what we want for plants okay I’m just going to go back to our cycle so we’ve done stage one nitrogen
Fixation by nitrogen fixing bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia we’ve now done stage two which is this one here ammonia is converted into nitrites and then into nitrates and you do have to know it’s a two-step process and that is done by our nitrifying bacteria and it is an example of
Oxidation can you tell me actually I’m just thinking about different examples can you let me know if you do OCR biology is there anyone listening that does OCR because if you do OCR you do have to know the specific names of the bacteria as well so let me know CU if
There’s anyone in the chat that does do OCR I can give you the specific names um for AQA we can just call them nitren fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria but if there’s anyone that does OCR I can give you those specific names so let me know okay right so stage three stage
Three is the easy stage um does anyone know what this word means by the way assimilation if we assimilate what is assimilation just in general in the English language what does it mean to assimilate something let me know what assimilate means Alia you do OCR okay well what we’ll do at the end
Um Dia is we’ll go through and we’ll add in the specific names of the bacteria because unfortunately for you you’ve got to know it in a little bit more detail okay so what do we mean by assimilate absorption it follows absorption Celeste so plants once we’ve got the
Nitrates um plants will absorb them and then they will assimilate them so it follows on from absorption um so once we’ve got the nitrates in fact Celeste I’ll put absorption there as well once we’ve got nitrates they are absorbed usually by active transport because it’s usually against the concentration
Gradient yeah um but then after they’re absorbed we say they are assimilated okay so the key the key to assimilation is this when you assimilate something you’re basically making something you’re building something up so in this stage the plants are basically using the nitrates that they do absorb
You’re not wrong they absorb them and then they use them to build or to aimil at things like proteins their DNA their RNA their ATP all of those compounds that we spoke about at the start of the lesson they can use those nitrates as the source of nitrogen to
Build all of those important nitrogen containing compounds okay let’s move on now before we go any further I’m going to do this the little sketch again so follow with me and check that you’ve learned this so far Okay so we’ve got this is what we’ve done so
Far I’ll put both I’ll put absorption and assimilation Okay so we’ve got over here we’ve got stage one which was nitrogen fixation over here we’ve got stage two which was nitrification and over here we’ve got stage three which is absorption and assimilation Shakira yeah assimilation refers to the incorporation yeah so
They’re incorporating the nitrogen into their nitrogen containing compounds and once they’ve absorbed and assimilated they can make protein out of that you know amino acids they can make DNA RNA ATP Etc right we’re now on to stage four which is ammonification so plants unfortunately all plants are going to die as our
Animals should we put some animals on here as well that’s obviously just feeding that stage there so plants get eaten by animals now unfortunately all animals and all plants will die and that will add more ammonia back into the soil which is what stage four is all about so the protein
In dead um in dead organisms okay so protein in dead organisms gets converted into ammonia um now that’s done by some bacteria that are called the sapro does anyone know what a Sao B is let me know in the chat what is a sapra or what is another word that you
May have used for a sapro sorry full of cold um let me know what a sapro is if you’ve heard that word before or maybe you’re teacher used a different word they’re a group of bacteria but do you know what type of bacteria they are let me know what you think yeah exactly
Celeste they are decomposers which basically means they are the bacteria that cause Decay or decomposition they break down dead plants and dead animals so what they’re doing here are sapro or our decomposers they are breaking down dead plants and animals and they’re breaking down the protein that’s in them and they are
Converting it into ammonia and I’ve got a slide here actually that just tells you a little bit more about saparate Biance so they are microorganisms which you’ll know means microscopic living things also known as decomposers and they basically Decay organic matter so plants and animals that were once
Living that contain a lot of carbon that’s what organic means um they break down dead plants and animals um they actually do this by secreting enzymes they use extra cellular enzymes what does extracellular mean if the enzymes are extracellular what does that mean whilst you’re answering that I’m just going to
Summarize summarize this stage at the top what does extra cellular mean no answers yet I’ll give you a little bit longer because I’m sure you all know what extra cellular means more than one it’s not not more than one although there I mean there is more than one there definitely there’s
Definitely more than one enzyme involved but that’s not what extracellular means uh let me just do a quick out of the cell yeah that’s exactly what it means out of the cell they secrete them outside of the cell extra cell that that um prefix extra always means like outside of doesn’t it like
Extraterrestrial means like outside of Earth extra cellular outside of the cell and I’m just going to show you a little bit more about how this actually works so they secrete extracellular enzymes these sapri firstly they secrete proteas enzymes and proteas enzymes will obviously Digest the Protein that’s in the dead plant or
Animal into amino acids which you should know the structure of and then the second enzyme breaks down the amino acid and look that’s that’s how we get ammonia can you see that so the second enzyme they secrete extracellularly breaks down the amino acid it removes the nh2 group and this high hydrogen and
That is ammonia okay now you don’t need to know it in that much detail um but shakiri you were right there is more than one enzyme you’ve got the proteas enzymes that break down the protein into amino acids and then enzymes called deaminase enzymes break down the amino acids into
Ammonia but we can simply summarize that just by saying sapra break down protein in dead plants or animals into ammonia so that’s a summary of that stage which is called ammonification okay last stage before we try and put it all together I know we’ve done an awful lot but we will go through
It as one cycle in a second we’ve got the final stage which is denitrification and this is the stage that we don’t really want to happen because denitrification which is done by denitrifying bacteria these bacteria convert nitrates in the soil back into nitrogen gas now this is going to be a disadvantage for
Our plants because once we convert nitrates in the soil back into nitrogen gas the plants cannot absorb and a that anymore so it’s basically a loss of nitrogen from the soil it represents a loss of nitrogen and the soil will decrease INF fertility less fertile because it’s got
Fewer um fewer minerals in there now these bacteria are actually anerobic they use anerobic respiration so they thrive in soils that have little oxygen so if a soil is water logged so you know um full of water which has got a lower concentration of oxygen in it than air these bacteria will Thrive
Which is a bad thing for the plants because the nitrates will be lost to the atmosphere they’ll go back into nitrogen gas okay let’s start putting this together so we need to learn the names of the stages and the bacteria that carry out that stage now obviously there is a
Fifth stage which is a similation but I’ve not included that on the table because that does not use a bacteria that’s just when plants absorb and build things with the nitrogen so that does not involve a bacteria but in terms of the stages that need bacteria we had nitrogen fixation and we call
Them nitrogen fixing bacteria nit nitrification which is our nitrifying bacteria ammonification which was our sacob that break down the protein in dead plants and animals and denitrification which is our denitrifying bacteria now someone before said they do OCR um which unfortunately I wasn’t going to go through this but see as we’ve got
Someone that at least one of you that does um OCR biology if you do OCR you do need to know the specific names of the bacteria so I’m going to give you some examples are nitrogen fixing bacteria aoto baaa are the free living ones that
We said were in the soil Ryobi are the mutualistic ones that are in the root modules oh someone else does OCR um nitrifying you’ve got nitr simonis that convert ammonia into nitrite and nitrobacter which convert nitrite into nitrate decomposers we can all just call them decomposers or Sapar bions denitrifying
Bacteria the example that we get given for OCR is ponus I mean there’s loads of denitrifying bacteria um but one of the main denitrifying bacteria is the pseudomonas um dear these aren’t on the stud well the the slide is on the study notes my written notes aren’t on the
Study notes um when I wrote those notes I was thinking mainly about AQA biology so if you want to jot the names down now you can do that because you do have to know specifically which bacteria are which so there are free living nitrogen fixing there are mutualistic
Ones nitr ammonis convert ammonia into nitrites and nitraa convert ammonia into nitrates so there’s a little bit more to learn unfortunately for our OCR biologists there’s a little bit more content I always find with OCR biology there is more content but you don’t have an essay that’s the payoff isn’t it
Those of you that are doing AQA I’m sure you’ve already started practicing but you have to write an essay at the end of paper three OCR biologists don’t but they do have a little bit more content to learn right so here’s our summary can we name the main stages I’ve
Numbered them 1 to five can you put into the chat the names of those stages can you remember the the name of each put your answers into the chat and then we’ll use this diagram to just kind of put everything that we’ve learned on there going I have to have a drink
Before I um totally lose my voice I think how can you access the study notes um if you stay stay on till the end of the lesson you should be able to access them just if you um ask in the chat one of the moderators will let you
Know at the end how you can get these study notes okay so put your answers into the chat I want you to put in the name of stages one all the way through to five which are the five main stages of the nitrogen cycle whilst you’re doing
That let’s just add in some more information that we’ve covered today okay so I’ve given you all the extra information that you need for that stage let’s put a bit more on for this one as well thank you Celeste oops Cel last’s got all the stages in there
Okay so this is the kind of thing you should do with your revision you do a sketch of the nitrogen cycle you make sure you’ve got all the key processes and then you go through and you’ve annotated with all the extra bits and Bobs that you need okay so Celeste has
Given us all of the answers well than Celeste so stage one we’ve got nitrogen fixation bit of a clue because the bacteria are called nitrogen fixing bacteria so that’s nitrogen fixation and it’s nitrogen gas into ammonia just remember there are two types of nitrogen fixing bacteria free living in the
Soil or in the root nodules of luminous plants stage two we’ve got nitrification I think you’ve got them all right Celestia I think you’ve got a couple in a different order but it doesn’t matter I mean it is a cycle so you can kind of describe it in you can start anywhere
With the cycle can’t you stage two is nitrification ammonia into nitrite nitrite into nitrate remember that that is oxidation so that happens in soils that have a lot of oxygen air rated soils stage three is where the plants absorb the nitrates and it’s called assimilation because once they absorb
The nitrates they can assimilate them so they can use it to build proteins for example animals obviously eat the plants um so we’ve got consuming on there as well stage four yeah Celeste you’ve got that ammonification so stage four is ammonification this is done by our sap probi remember they use extra cellular
Digestion so they are converting protein should I put dead there dead plants dead animals they break down that protein and they convert it into ammonia and then look we’re back here so then that ammonia can undergo nitrification again so you’ve almost got like a cycle within a cycle going on here stage five
We’ve got denitrification which is the stage that plants don’t really want because this uses anerobic bacteria and they convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas which means the plants can no longer use it so it’s a loss of useful nitrogen from the soil okay so that is our
Cycle let’s have a go at these question questions so we’ve got some straight recall questions first and then we’re going to look at a couple of harder questions put your answers into the chat question one one reason why plants and animals need nitrogen and then table question number
Two I’ve given you the name of the process but can you name the bacteria responsible just the general group name of the bacteria I can go through and give the specific names for our OCR students as well and but for now let’s just do the the kind of group name for the
Bacteria so put your answers into the chat hopefully question one is okay should be able to name like one compound at least that plants and animals would need nitrogen to make have a go I think I gave you I think I gave you about four or five different
Compounds that plants and animals need nitrogen for so you should definitely be able to give one of those compounds and then think about the bacteria as well put your answers into the chat I know Celeste you’re going to answer it for me Dia can have a go answering it who else
Have we got Shakira Joel I don’t know where Joel’s gone yeah good we’re getting some answers so yeah they use it to make proteins there’s still more that we can say though guys you can give me some more answers what else have you said DNA Tomy they don’t they don’t need it
To make ammonia because that’s not a compound that they need um but there are some others for example we had RNA we also had ATP we also had NAD which is a co-enzyme that they need for respiration for plants you could also have nadp that’s a co-enzyme that plants need
For photosynthesis so that’s plants only that one so you couldn’t have that for animals and plants because that one’s plants only thanks Joy right let’s go with joy joy answers oh joy I think Joy’s answered the previous slide she’s given me the names of the stages and here
We’re looking for the names of the bacteria so but mean the stage names give you a clue these are our nitrogen fixing bacteria cess yeah these are are nitrifying oh I’ve done that in the wrong done that in the wrong place guys confuse myself there because they’re in a different
Order so these are my nit Ying bacteria let’s see if I can rub that out yeah so they’re my nitrify bacteria for nitrification um ammonification yeah celest on the ball as always separate bance denitrification yeah d nitrifying d I’ve spelled that wrong what is going on you can tell I’m not well
Today losing it um denitrifying denitrifying sometimes it’s hard to talk and Spell correctly at the same time denitrifying bacteria um remember if you’re OCR you do need the specific names is anyone is anyone here from OCR or did you switch off when I said you had to learn the
Names it’s a lot isn’t it it’s a lot ryian unfortunately guys you’ve got to learn these names I’ll just put a circle around those cuz they go with nitrification Okay so we’ve got nitrogen fixing bacteria aot toaa are free living Ryobi are in the root nodules and then for
Nitrification you’ve got nitr simonis followed by nitraa for denitrification AQA can just say denitrifying bacteria but OCR are going to call it ponus okay last couple of questions then so these are more exam style questions you might get a five mark question that literally just says describe the
Nitrogen cycle or describe the cycling of nitrogen and if that’s the case you just go through it exactly how we’ve learned it today you can use bullet points you can use numbered steps you go through the whole cycle naming the stages naming the bacteria whole cycle but quite often
What they do is they’ll give you shorter answer questions where you just have to pick the right stage so you’ve just got to think right which bit are they asking me about and then you zoom in on that bit so I’ve zoomed in if you like on nitrification so describe the process of
Nitrification two marks write your answers into the chat and then with the next question I’ve tried to get you to focus on a different stage describe and explain what would happen to the nitrate concentration in water logged soil so water logged soil have a think about which stage I might be getting at
There um which stage of the cycle uses anerobic bacteria that would thrive in water loged soil with low concentrations of oxygen have a little go at those two questions put your answers into the chat meanwhile just to help you I’m going to do a little quick quick summary
Here and this is the stage that you should get to you’ve got to be this confident so someone can give you a piece of paper and you can say yeah here’s the nen cycle okay you got to sketch it like this and obviously label the stages and
Name the bacteria but you should you should be able to to get it down like that right let’s have a look at the answers so describe the process of nitrification nitrifying bacteria turn ammonium ions into nitrites into nitrates and this is oxidation perfect answer perfect answer it’s this bit here
Isn’t it we zooming in on nitrification which as Celeste said is ammonia or ammonium ions you can say either into nitrites into nitrates and that is oxidation well done and it uses nitrify bacteria yeah that would be my tip actually every question you should name the stage name the bacteria responsible and then
Give an overview of that stage now if you look at my question here I’ve already named the stage so that’s not going to get you a mark But for two marks you should be able to name the bacteria so nitrifying bacteria and give an overview of the stage so ammonia to nitrites to
Nitrates let’s have a look at the other answers for question four water logged soil uh denitrifying bacteria in the soil break down nitrates and return nitrogen gas back to the air perfect denitrification where denitrifying bacteria thrive in anerobic conditions so convert nitrate ions back to nitrogen
Gas in the air perfect we’re looking at this stage here so this stage so you’re going to get a mark for naming the stage denitrification it’s done by denitrifying bacteria because they thrive in water logged soil because they are anerobic and then give an overview of the stage
As you did perfectly so they are converting nitrates or NO3 minus back into nitrogen gas so it’s it’s bad for the soil it’s bad for plants because there’s going to be less nitrates left in the soil okay well done I know that’s been a tough tough one tonight but I’m hoping
After the lesson you’re going to get a piece of paper you’re going to sketch the nitrogen cycle and you’re going to write everything on there the names of the stages the names of the bacterium and any additional information that you can remember well done well done for all your
Answers let me talk to you about our course that we are launching in January um some of you may already know it’s for students that that want to get the best grades possible in their a level biology so if you’re aiming for that a or a star and you want a little
Bit of help with revision I mean it’s more than revision we’re going to go over all of the content so we’re going to go o over all of the content again because sometimes it is just not enough to go through it once in school with your teacher particularly for biology because there
Is so much content so we’re going to go through all of the content again we’re going to go through lots of past papers past paper questions the course will basically include two live lessons every week which will take place on YouTube and each lesson is going to run for two
Hours so we’ll get time to go through the content and do more questions in these lessons in these free streams we don’t get time to do many questions um but in our in our course in January we’ll do more past paper questions okay you can also get access to
247 mental support so our mentors are amazing they’ve all got A’s or a stars um on their a level biology and they will be there to help you whenever you need them any biology related questions homework support revision tips guidance anything like that they will they will
Be um available to you directly through chat um so that’s a really really great support and it’s really unique to this course you will get exam style homeworks so there’ll be homework questions where you get instant feedback and there’ll also be longer written response style homework questions I will provide video
Solutions to all homeworks so not only will you get instant feedback but you’ll be able to watch my videos where I talk you through how to answer them and how to get all of the marks you will get a workbook which you can download in advance of the lesson so
That as I’m teaching you can actually follow engage and make more notes and kind of like I’ve been doing on the PowerPoint today you’ll be able to add those notes to your workbook um as you go through the lesson um and then after you’ve completed the homework you can also watch the video
Solutions to the homework you’ll join our community of biologists so they’re just there as an additional support um any advice support that you need if you want to share questions or concerns you can share those with the rest of the students on the course you also get a 14-day full refund
Guarantee so it’s totally risk free you can sign up to the course you can start in January you can come to lesson for two weeks have a go at the homeworks get the workbooks and if for some reason it’s not right for you you have got that
Um 14-day money back guarantee period so you don’t have to be concerned it’s worthwhile just getting your place booked so that you know you’re ready to go in January and there is that no risk um guarantee we’ve got some great figures for you here so 90% of our students
Recommend my Ed space we’ve got over 1,300 students studying with us um in the evenings online and 82% of those students have this was last year came out with a higher grade than what was predicted or what was expected basically because they got to go through the content again and do
Those homeworks and get those video Solutions as well as the workbooks which basically form the best the best set of study notes ever have a look on trust pilot if you’re still not sure you’ll read all the reviews on trust pilot about um not only our teachers but about the learning
Platform itself and the way the courses are structured um so yeah have a look at the reviews or get your parents to look at the reviews if they’re not sure and you’ll see there are hundreds of five star reviews put a plus in the chat if you
Like the sound of this course um obviously I’ve spoken to you a little bit about what it involves I know some of you will be um worried about costs and things like that and you know you know how expensive private tuition can be but this course we are making it accessible
To everybody so this course is £700 for the whole course from January right up until the night before your exams okay in fact the night before your last a level biology exam and we also have a massive discount that we can offer you that that money is not just paying
For tuition you know private shooter gosh private Shooters can charge up to100 for an hour and what we’re offering you is not just lessons with myself four hours a week of lessons where you can hopefully engage fully with the chat I mean I’m really appreciative of all of you that that
Engage and answer my questions CU it lets me know that you’re you know you’re liking it that you’re understanding it it’s really helpful so live and engaging lessons you’ll also get your workbooks you’ll also get your homeworks your video Solutions some of your homework questions you’ll get instant feedback
Other homework questions that are Fuller written responses you’ll get talked through with the video solution you’ll get access to the community the other thing that is great about the course is that all of the lessons are recorded so you can access those video recordings time and time again so if you’re doing
Revision in your own time you can go back and play the lesson on the crab cycle and go over it as many times as you want you will also get um the opportunity to have your own personal Mentor which is invaluable our mentors really are are amazing um we’ve we’ve
Made sure that they’ve all got top grades in their a levels they can really help you the discount we are able to offer you is 44% off which is really the best discount you’re going to get and this is the last of our free streams unfortunately it takes the price down to
393 which works out at just £490 per hour and don’t forget that’s not just for the lesson itself but you’re also getting the homework and the study notes and the video Solutions so it’s really it’s just excellent value for money because we want you all to have
The opportunity opportunity to be a part of this and get that a or a star in the summer just to make sure that you get on to your chosen University degree or your chosen apprenticeship or job whatever it may be we know that it’s really competitive and you really do need to
Stand out with those top grades you can split it into two installments as well so feel free to to message after our lesson today and ask about how you do that if that’s something that you think would be useful and help you to be able to afford the
Course the discount is valid until midnight on Friday so you’ve got just over 48 hours to get your place secure at that 44% off which means the course will only be £393 don’t forget it starts in beginning of Jan and it goes all the way up until your last exam in
June the discount code for today is nitrogen so what you can do if you go on to the description on YouTube you can um click the link in the description and it will autom automatically send that text through WhatsApp with the word nitrogen and that
Will let my team know that you are here in the free stream and that you are eligible for that massive discount to secure your place even if you just want to ask some questions at this stage feel free to message the team so click on the link in the
Description and send that text through with the word nitrogen a few quick questions before we finish don’t forget if you do miss a lesson all of the lessons are recorded and you can access the lesson on the learning platform as well as the workbook which we recommend you download
Before the lesson but obviously if you miss it you can still download it afterwards you can download it you can print it whatever works for you so all of that will be accessible as well as the homeworks on the learning platform in terms of attention you can
Get your own personal Mentor so it’s like one to one attention you can ask questions during our lessons and I will like you’ve seen tonight I will answer all of the questions um you can get support with your homeworks from your Mentor you’ll also be part of our biology community so
You can ask as many questions in that chat as you want to so similar really asking for help yeah ask the community there’ll be students just like you um so you can ask whatever you want in terms of bi ology or revision or just advice you can ask
Your Mentor you can ask me you can always message the team at my Ed space they will respond to any queries if it’s a technical query for for example and I’m really hoping the lessons will be useful um Celeste that’s lovely Celeste says thank you I have
Loved these sessions so I’m guessing you have found them useful what will make our January course even more useful is that you will have access to the workbooks in advance of the lesson so you will have downloaded them or printed them ideally you will have that with you
So you will be able to make as many notes as you can during the lesson and then you’ll have the follow-up homeworks and the video Solutions so they will be more useful than these sessions if for some reason they don’t suit you you have got that 14-day money back guarantee as well
So you know what to do go onto the description click the link message the team with the word nitrogen that will let them know you’re interested and they can give you more info or get you booked on I am hoping that I will see some of
You in January because that is our last free stream and our last lesson before Christmas so have a lovely holiday whatever you are doing and I’m hoping that I will see some of you in January where we can start this course properly and go through all of the content and answer
All of your revision questions so thank you so much for joining I’m going to say goodbye and let you all go and get your tea I will see you all again soon thanks so much for your interaction and all of your questions and answers I’ve really appreciated it goodbye goodbye everybody bye by