King John and the end of the Angevin Empire. Final.

“A very bad man, more cruel than all others. He lusted after beautiful women, And because of this he shamed the high men of the Land”.

In the final episode we’ll see King John lose it all.

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Reference 1 King John, Marc Morris, page 148
King John, Stephen Church page 110
Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury page 144
1215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham page 159

Reference 2 The Margam Abbey Chronicle

Reference 3 King John, Marc Morris, page 151
King John, Stephen Church page 108

Reference 4 King John, Marc Morris, page 12

Reference 5 King John, Marc Morris, page 13
King John, Stephen Church page 115

Reference 6 Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury page 149

Reference 7 King John, Stephen Church page 117

Reference 8 Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury page 147

Reference 9 Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury page 150

Reference 10 King John, Marc Morris, page 45
King John, Stephen Church page 123
Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury page 152

Reference 11 Magna Carta, Professor Nicholas Vincent page 31

Reference 12 King John, Stephen Church page 136

Reference 13 King John, Marc Morris, page 127

Reference 14 King John, Stephen Church page 138

Reference 15 King John, Marc Morris, page 131

Reference 16 King John, Stephen Church page 150

Reference 17 King John, Marc Morris, page 131

Reference 18 1215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham page 149

Reference 19 1215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham page 150

Reference 20 A history of Wales, John Davies page 131

Reference 21 King John, Stephen Church page 135

Reference 22 King John, Stephen Church page 135

Reference 23 King John, Stephen Church page 142

Reference 24 England in the thirteenth century, Harding, Cambridge page 267

Reference 25 1215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham page 167

Reference 26 King John, Stephen Church page 204

Reference 27 King John, Stephen Church page 212

Reference 28 John, Professor Nicholas Vincent page 90

Reference 29 King John, Stephen Church page 218

Reference 30 John, Professor Nicholas Vincent page 99
215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham page 270
King John, Stephen Church page 248
King John, Marc Morris, page 284

Sources.

Philip Augustus, Jim Bradbury.

Margam abbey chronicles

A history of Wales, John Davies

1215 The year of Magna Carta, Danny Danziger and John Gillingham.

John, Professor Nicholas Vincent.

Magna Carta, Professor Nicholas Vincent.

England in the thirteenth century, Harding, Cambridge.

Magna Carta, Dan Jones.

The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland, Edited by F. Foster.

King John, Marc Morris.

The Plantagenets, John Harvey.

King John, Stephen Church.

The illustrated chronicles of Matthew Paris.

England under the Angevin kings, Kate Norgate
https://archive.org/details/englandunderange02norguoft/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater

topography of Ireland
https://www.yorku.ca/inpar/topography_ireland.pdf

Conquest of Ireland, Gerald of Wales.

The Annals of Roger de Hoveden-
https://archive.org/details/annalsofrogerdeh02hoveuoft/mode/2up

Annals of Ulster, https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A/index.html

King John’s expedition to Ireland, 1210: the evidence reconsidered
by SANDRA ALVAREZ

The Battle of marbu was King John’s greatest military Victory he had captured his biggest rival his nephew Duke Arthur of Britany and the lucans the family that caused the uprising against King JN due to him charging them for treason while King John initially started on the defense by securing his

Castles around Normandy his one offensive move turned the situation around for him but as we will see his personality and actions would reduce his greatest military achievement to a simple footnote in his Saga in this final episode we’ll see King JN lose the Empire he so desperately tried to gain

And the conflict that would see his painful and dull end the first Baron’s War the news of Arthur and his allies capture forced King philli to retreat to reorganize his forces it seemed King John was once again on the cusp of sweeping all his enemies before him yet

King John’s treatment of Arthur is possibly the worst action of his Reign and a damning chapter of King John’s Legacy the mystery of Arthur’s death Arthur was first locked up at FES and then moved and disappeared at ruol the boy’s body has never been found while it’s impossible to say

Whether he was murdered or died trying to escape the general consensus is that King John had Arthur murdered plenty of chroniclers attest as such the motives for Arthur’s Murder by King John are compelling first he was the only male rival for the whole of the Anin Empire and if Arthur married and

Produced children those children would become Rivals against King John’s or Replacements if for example powerful Barons wanted King John replaced Arthur was also firmly Allied to King Phillip and finally one influence towards murder is King John’s time in Ireland when he was a young man of 18 we’ve mentioned how Irish politics

Influenced King JN particularly dealing with Rivals as in Ireland killing hostages and Rivals was simple politics in King John’s mind it would have been easier to permanently get rid of Arthur arur as opposed to coming to terms and releasing him as Arthur could renade on any oath sworn however that course of agreement

Is the norm of the time in high Middle Ages England and France a secondary problem is that if Arthur did die trying to escape King John would have been compelled to display the body in state to try and dis spell any rumors of murder and as no remains were ever produced it’s more

Evidence towards that King John had his nephew killed rumors of Arthur’s fate spread all across England and France one of the most vicious rumors was that King John had personally killed Arthur in a drunken rage and then had his corpse dumped in the river Sen killing a close

Relative especially one of high nobility was reprehensible not only this but King John had treated his prisoners in such vile ways that some of his allies began to Desert him and join King Phillip One account the margam Abby Chronicle located in Wales records that King John had captured Arthur and kept

Him alive in prison for some time in the castle of ruong after dinner on the Thursday before Easter when he was drunk and possessed by the devil King John killed him with his own hand and tying a heavy Stone to the body cast it into the saan Matthew Paris and Ralph of kushel

Both offer different tales of the fate of Arthur yet both are recorded ing in different times kashel is chronicling around the time and Paris is recording decades later whatever fate befell Arthur we will never know for certain but the legacy of his disappearance is another damning condemnation of King

John the consequences for King John would be losing the support of the Norman nobility and more of his allies were simply swapping one direct Le Lord for another king Phillip from onju to Patu the Anin Empire was rapidly crumbling there was also the Wrath of the Breton angry at the preceived

Killing of their lord the military situation for King John by 123 was becoming untenable King Philip was invading Norm again in Easter and by August the French King was besieging the Mighty Fortress of chatow gilard King Richard’s pride and joy Castle as for King John at the start of

1203 he was trying to make amends with the lucans by releasing Hugh and Jeffrey freeing the men of the family that began the event that would turn into the disastrous situation was a desperate last measure to try and secure Patu but that plan turned into smoke once King JN

Received the news that his wife was trapped at shanan once again King JN made a desperate Dash toward shinan with his army passing alakan when a few miles away from the town King John received further news that the count of alacon Robert had switched sides and received

Troops to bolster the town King John’s rear guard was now exposed the pure anger King John felt is recorded in his own documents for the year instead of stating in the fourth year of our Reign he States the year when count Robert betrayed us as for King Phillip his plan was

Still the same the conquest of Normandy the repercussions of Arthur’s murder would benefit Phillip in the future for now Siege Warfare was the business of the day and King Phillip would display his Mastery of besieging and capturing castles King John had managed to send one of his Knights to shinan to escort

His wife Isabella to L mans while King JN had been busy organizing the defense of his lands writing rits and Shoring up his castles King John was also seeking papal help to help bring the conflict to an end in order to secure his positions around Normandy and deal with unruly counts

Around his lands across France but despite attempts at mediation King Philip refused he knew King John lacked support within his own territories and wanted nothing else but the conquest of Normandy and by March 1203 more Barons and Lords were swapping out JN for Phillip as their Le Lord King

John had few allies he could trust and the mercenaries King John HED were only loyal to coin or what plunder they could obtain one Baron King JN did Trust was William debuse a powerful Baron he held lands all across England Ireland Normandy and Wales thanks to King John

But one loyal Baron wasn’t enough and John was rapidly losing the support of the Normans for the last 10 years had experienced an almost constant cycle of warfare plus the cost of such Wars and by May 1203 onju and Maine had fallen to King Phillip while King John did try at the

Start of King Phillip’s offensive to obtain Peace by offering money when that failed he tried to organize what defenses he could and managed to seize back a few castles in Normandy during the summer of 1203 but John lacked so much support fought and was running empty on funds even after quickly sacking around

Britany in September the situation was becoming so dire that William Marshall bluntly put it to King John that sire listen to what I have to say you have few friends if you choose to strengthen your enemies then your own power will decline if a man strengthens his enemies

It is justifiable for men to attack you paid no attention to the first sign of discontent but it would have been better for us all if you had while that quote comes from the Deeds of William Marshall an account detailing the Marshall’s life and is favorable to him we can imagine a

Conversation similar to that occurring between John and William King John’s reaction saw the return of the Anin anger and he marched to his Chambers enraged the situation was terrible and King John after promising to return with support from the English Barons and to gather more funds left Normandy on the 5th of December

123 without knowing it that was the last time he ever saw Normandy again King John landed at Portsmouth on the 7th of December 1203 in time to enjoy Christmas at Canterbury where he mused to the Archbishop of Canterbury that he was forced to leave Normandy due to

Treachery in French sources he gained a new nickname softt swword meaning a lack of fight or bravery to defend Normandy to the last man as his brother and father might have done but the nickname of Lackland returns as well while King JN was in England the important Chateau Gilead was still under

Heavy Siege and while this impressive Castle could hold out better than most castles King Philip had captured without support the castle would fall King John did make one attempt to relieve the castle earlier in that year it failed by February 1204 King Philip’s forces had collapsed the outer wall of the

Castle by the start of March only the keep remained and on the 6th of March 1204 the remaining Garrison of chatau giliard were dragged out the fall of this Castle acted as a domino effect across Normandy towns and cities just gave up without a fight why fight for a Duke who wasn’t

Present the most important city in Normandy ruon would have been a daunting challenge to capture the city featured impressive walls and plenty of hazardous ditches to any besure but this Army wasn’t some Rabel Rebel Army this was the Army of the king of France King philli arrived to take

Control of what he and his court deemed lawful and after securing an agreement with the commander of the city that if no help arrived from John in 30 days the city would be open to King phip the city of Ruan capitulated a week before the agreement ended Normandy for

The first time in over 300 years was now in the direct control of the king of France quite a change from King of Frank John meanwhile was enjoying a good hunt and later celebrating his Ascension Day of becoming King of England the Anin Empire was no more while Normandy had fallen so had

Most of the other Anan lands and even and worst news in April 1204 Queen Elena had died her death created uncertainty in the duche of aquatan and Lords within aquatan were eager to offer direct homage to King Phillip over John who by rights of succession was now the Duke of a

Faltering duche the victory at marabu was now a hollow memory the city of shinon also fou to King Philip in September most of King John’s loyal men had returned with him to England the major problem for some of these Barons was that they held both lands in France

And in England and with the conquest of Normandy onju Etc they had to choose which Lord to perform homage to John or now King Phillip there was also the economy aspect which was exacerbated by inflation northern Europe from 1170 onwards seems to have experienced a period of sharp monetary

Inflation wages and prices rocketed King John whose income depended upon fixed rents from lands found himself with massively increased expenditure but with no compensating rise either in rents or profits of war in these circumstances his only alternative was to impose heavier taxations on his Barons themselves victims of precisely

The same economic pressures as the king while King John was dealing with the Fallout over the loss of Normandy and trying to secure what remained of the duy of aquity he would battle his next political enemy the Pope the current head of the papacy was innocent III another Testament to

King John’s bad luck is that he faced great historical characters and innocent is considered one of the greatest popes who wielded significant political Authority he would Clash with not just King John but other kings as well including King Philip of France Pope Innocent was fully prepared

To use the political might of the papacy to enforce the rights of the church over the kings of Europe the dispute between King John and Pope Innocent began with the death of Hubert Walters the Archbishop of Canterbury in July 125 to control the powerful position of Archbishop would certainly be a benefit

To King John and he put forward a loyal man John de gray the bishop of Norwich the bishop offered a tasty 5,000 marks for the position as if King JN could control the position he could tax the clergy or it stort more funds for campaigns the relationship between King

And Archbishop had to be a positive working one as king John’s father father Henry II had a disastrous relationship with one of his archbishops Thomas Beckett thankfully King John Never Cried Out who shall deliver me from this turbulent priest while King John put forward his man for the role the monks of Canterbury

Had their own choice but King John exerted pressure on the monks to support his candidate to the Pope yet Pope Innocent rejected both in May 1206 and would directly appoint his own man to the position even demanding that the monks of Canterbury travel to Rome in

Order for the election to be preceded by the papacy all of this political back and forth took time and King John was busy trying to COA more money from the clergy after all King JN sought what his predecessor ERS or wanted Royal control over the church by June

1207 Pope Innocent made his choice Steven Langton an Englishman who taught in Paris would be the new Archbishop of Canterbury King John was less than enthusiastic about this selection of Archbishop and vented his anger towards the Pope in a letter stating that Langton was a man man altogether unknown

To him who had been familiar for a long time with his declared enemies in the Kingdom of France King JN would take some petty Revenge not on the pope but the nearest people he could find the monks of Canterbury John sent mercenaries with crossbows to harass the monks with most

Of them fleeing johon then took their land and gave it to some of his loyal men it seems King John wouldn’t inadvertently kill an Archbishop as his father did he just wouldn’t have one the rest of King John’s letter to the pope also mentioned that England had given

Plenty of do to the papal state but also that he would never stop to defend his rights as king and in an incredibly bold move towards the Pope which is one reason why the choosers admired him johon would just ignore the Catholic church if he didn’t get his way the

Martyrdom of Thomas Becket was to be a strong parallel to Langton as King John refused to allow him to enter England the pope responded by issuing an itct on England King John was now testing the political power of the Pope a game he would eventually lose in the meantime King John would

Take what he wanted from the clergy money for more campaigns into France establishing an effective system of taking the Wives and Lovers of the clergymen and selling them back to the men of the cloth reving in the hypocrisy by 1209 Pope Innocent further flexed his authority and ex communicated

King John making King John the first ever King of England to be excommunicated by the Catholic church yet King John neither feared God nor regarded man it was as if he alone were Mighty upon Earth only military force could drag King John back into the fold

Or he could be replaced but who could replace him Arthur had been dead for years and by the year 1213 rumors were circulating that King Phillip would be the one to invade England with the Pope’s blessing if King John did not submit to the pope King Philip was more than happy to provide

His son Louie with the Throne of England as John’s father King Henry had done with Ireland but in a complete pivot King John managed to save his kingdom and position from Invasion on the 15th of May 1213 near DOA in a manner that rivaled his father’s Penance by swearing

To the papal leot that he and the kingdom of England and Ireland would be vassals of the papal State the invasion of England by King Phillip was already dashed by the Earl of Solsbury whose ships had destroyed the French Fleet Fleet at Flanders making the Pope’s power null when

Compared to the soldiers who carried the day all the pope could do was wag his finger in disapproval if Kings disobeyed him and while King John was confined in England and creating plans to take back his lands in France his neighbors the Scots the Irish and the Welsh would

Unfortunately get to know him as king JN set about subjugating the whole of Britain and Ireland we’ve already covered Ireland and King John’s actions there the princes of Wales and the king of Scots were Prime targets for King John to flex his authority King John started by

Meddling into the Affairs of Wales at first in 1199 where King John supported rivals in the Kingdom of dear a once great Kingdom in Wales gaining land for himself but King John also encountered another great historical figure lellan the great lellan and King John came to an agreement one of our sources State

Lellan swore an oath of allegiance to King John in 1201 and married Joan the king’s illegitimate daughter in 1205 John was a man of of unstable character although a recent research shows that he was not the monster of traditional portrayal he had a genius for making enemies this again alludes to

King John’s horrible personality Wales did suffer from the effects of the Pope’s interdict there was also a renewed focus on conquering more of Wales as King John had charged his favorite Baron William Debo to take more land from the Native Welsh princes yet William would suffer the most from his

Close relationship with King John falling out and fleeing from Wales to Ireland and then finally to France where he died lellan attempted to take advantage of the Now power vacuum in Wales and while he would be successful in the future by 1210 lellan was becoming power powerful enough that King

John would seek to curtail Lan’s Rising Power by invading Wales in 1211 the first Invasion failed the second ended when both armies were camped just across from each other separated by a river lellan capitulated and he came to an agreement with King John that if he

Failed to produce a male Heir King John would inherit his throne unsurprisingly King John managed to annoy the Welsh by building castles on disputed lands the Welsh revolted in 1212 while King John was still excommunicated leading to the pope to give his support to the wsh and lellan

Found himself not only in a stronger position in a short turnaround but now the king of France philli was writing to him lewellen’s response was fan earling over King Phillip King John found himself unable to invade Wales due to planning and attack in France and had fallen out with

His Barons which leads us to 12113 now for Scotland since King John’s Ascension to the English throne in 1199 Scotland had been ruled by King William the lion since 1165 King William is one of the longest ruling Scottish Kings during his lengthy Reign he lost Scotland temporarily as a

Kingdom to King Henry II after joining the failed Uprising against Henry before buying back the Kingdom from King Richard but now dealing with King John who sought to subjugate Scotland once more and in 1209 King John invaded Scotland but by this time William was old and frail and no match for an

Invigorated King John who had in his retinue his son-in-law lellan the resulting Invasion led to the Treaty of noram where the king of Scots had to pay a fat stack of cash and entrust hostages which included two of the King’s Daughters they would be married off through the English Court

King William would never gain revenge in his lifetime as he died in late 1214 but his successor King Alexander II would feature in the terms of the Magna carter of 1215 with King John losing Normandy and being forced to stay in England for a time to build up funds and his power

Base the Barons of England would get to know their King more as King John traveled extensively across England staying in one location for a day or two and then moving on to the next king JN was an active King always seeking cash through various means taxation fines scutage

Etc despite King John himself being particularly wealthy the cost of such Wars from Provisions to ships outweighed King John ‘s own personal wealth making taxation a necessity now the Barons of England had to deal with a king right on their doorstep rather than howling for funds from France the first attempt at

Recovering the land in France was in 1205 that failed and King John sought to blame William Marshall even calling for the Marshall to be challenged by way of combat yet no body took up the challeng William Marshall had the phenomenal ability when dealing with King John of

Simply turning the other cheek while the king raged and threw a tantrum William was always able to come out on top and in this situation one of our sources tells us that King John in despair John sailed round the aisle of white before returning to his kingdom having caused

His subjects to fear fear that he had gone off to the continent on a reckless Adventure without his army the next attempt was in 126 this Expedition fared much better than the one in 1205 England and its borders were secure and in June 1206 King John was back in

France landing at la rashal king JN had shown his talent for Preparation by the safe arrival of this Fleet crossing the sea into enemy Waters and making sure the cash for the campaign was well protected King JN was received warmly by The Nobles of the area and in turn King JN released

Prisoners yet the arrival of King John’s forces kicked the French King philli into motion who in turn organized a defense of Normandy and sent his loyal men to defend other regions in in the area but rather than March straight towards Normandy King John set his sight

On Bordeaux in the South as king Alonso VII had invaded in 1204 on the context that the region of gany was his right by virtue of his marriage to Elena of England King John’s sister Alonso had already left for castile and by August King John had

Secured gany now he was free to March North and attempt to probe the defenses of his former territories reaching as far as Britany yet King JN didn’t receive the warmest of welcomes after all he had killed the Duke of Britany and now being this close to Normandy the French King himself soon

Arrived with his army in one account the French King pillaged around to ours and flecked his military might by offering battle to King JN who was currently residing at two hours King JN refused and by October King John had concluded a truce with King Phillip over a 2-year

Period now King John had seen what kind of challenges he faced if he wanted the whole of his former territories back King JN would now spend the next eight years building towards that goal at any cost and King John would work towards building a strong Coalition similar to

The one he had cultivated back in 1200 yet his tireless effort of raising such cash and his personality would cause his Downfall by 1212 preparations were underway to invade France again as mentioned the wsh revolted the English Barons particularly the northern Barons weren’t interested in another round of

Invasions into a place they had no benefits in trying to take the fires of rebellion were slowly being stoked in 1210 land owners Knights and clergymen were all feeling the brunt of King John’s obsessive Taxation and they were fearful of King JN due to his treatment of anyone who crossed him the

Problem for King John is that this discontent was something to Rally behind and find common ground to demand change there were quite a few Barons in England during the 13th century some were more extreme than others in their approach to dealing with problems in August 1212 King John was staying at

Nottingham where he heard of a terrifying plot against not just him him but his family the baren conspiracy with the goal being to drive the king and his family from the kingdom and choose someone else as King in his place this plot was quickly resolved and the two Barons implicated in the plot

Fled abroad by 1213 King John was enacting his plan for the reconquest of his lands in France the money he had raised over the years was finally put to use he had made peace with the Pope and the Walsh King John’s allies were now ready to strike yet still the northern Barons

Refused to give military service again stating that they owed no service for lands in France by November 1213 King John had issued summons to bring Four Knights from each County in England to meet at Oxford with their weapons of war and finally in February 1214 King John launched his

Reconquest by the middle of September 1214 he failed his allies had been defeated at the Battle of bvin and King JN made peace with the French for 5 years all his plans were now a pile of Ash and he was politically weak King John knew he faced a political

Fallout and tried to conduct damage control sending two loyal men to secure castles in England there was also the church still demanding compensation for the Looting that occurred during the interdict but rumors were widely circulating that the Barons were seeking to rebel and King John prepared to face this Uprising by

Hiring mercenaries even the pope tried to Cil any uprisings by writing to one Baron that they should not stand in the way of the king’s justices and government officials yet refusals to pay taxes from some of the shes of England was already happening in 1214 several

Barons met at Barry St Edmunds where the topic was unsurprisingly about King John and how to deal with him here we see the Barons were presented with a charter from the reign of King Henry I King John’s great grandfather the man presenting this Charter was the Archbishop of Canterbury to summarize

This Charter from 1100 it sought to fix bad laws and the excessive amount of Taxation towards the sh of England and also payments of inheritance the scope of these details would be used towards legislating the Magna carter by January 1215 King John and the Barons met on

Neutral ground the baron sought to make the king abide by the 1100 Charter whereas King John sought to play for time to build up his forces and seek papal help the Barons did the same but the pope was firmly on the side of his vassel tensions were mounting with both

The king and the baron preparing for a major war between them and by June 12:15 both sides met at runny me another place of neutral ground King John had arrived well prepared he had an army of mercenaries near the coast and he had the full backing of the Pope even more

So after giving crusading vows the issue of paying scutage to the King was also now a moot point for the Barons as the pope dealt with that issue as well the Barons were now backed into a corner in terms of negotiations they had one card to play resending their Oaths to the

King on the 5th of May the Barons had a strong Ally in the Archbishop of Canterbury who would mediate and try to find a resolution for both parties as for King John he still needed time to build up his forces his plan was to copy what his father had always done when

Dealing with discontent pushed the discontented into a corner and crushed them when they rose up yet King John had pushed too many different factions into a corner the Barons the londoners knights Etc now they were one faction and at runny me the terms of the 12 version of the Magna carter was sealed

Yet there was never any peace before and after the ceiling of the Magna Cara implementing the charter was one issue the other is that King John was never going to abide by the charter why would he he was a sworn vassel of the Pope his Barons could not enforce any

Treaty onto him without the consent of his Legion Lord the pope and with that the first Baron’s War began the Barons finally sought to replace King John with Prince Louie King Philip’s son and Heir Prince Louie could claim the Throne of England thanks to his marriage to blanch

Of Castile King John’s niece and by October 1216 King John had lost half of the kingdom of England to the rebel Barons and Prince leis King John was now also sick with dentry and constant pains in his legs King John the last Anin King died between the 18th and 19th of October

1216 now that we’ve covered the life of King John the final part is to look at his legacy the first part is that he left England embroiled in a civil war and a young Heir his son Henry who with the support of some loyal Barons such as William Marshall would lead the Royal

Forces to Victory and attempt to reestablish Royal Authority for young King Henry when he became of age the most important part of King John’s Legacy is the Magna Carta the great Charter although King John probably wouldn’t like that however the first Charter fell failed King John violated rights that already existed in English

Law but for England and its people Magna Carta provided a stepping stone towards a modern Constitution over the centuries Jon’s overall Legacy is a negative one he was cruel with a dark sense of humor paranoid and just a horrible person to deal with the murder of his nephew

Arthur in my opinion is the worst moment in his Reign the act of committing nepti side is just another damning aspect of King John’s Reign and is one reason of many why he is considered a bad King there are numerous other examples the hounding of the Brio family and the fate

Of the son and wife of William to Brio William who at one point was King John’s closest Ally if King John John treated his allies this way then it’s not a stretch of the imagination to wonder the fate of Duke Arthur John was also a bad king for a prosperous time while King

John did order the creation of significant castles and cities both in England and Ireland I believe that King John was the wrong King to take full advantage of the growth of early 13th century England also his actions led to the first Baron’s War which to the people of England caused suffering

England had not experienced a civil war since the Anarchy as for his burial site Worcester cathedral was the best place for him given the circumstances he died in and down the centuries John being buried in Worcester saved his remains as if he was buried with most of his family

At front of for Abby his remains would have been Disturbed during the French Revolution it’s rather sad that King John isn’t around any of his immediate family even his children were intuned elsewhere as were both his wives the closest family member inomed near him is a descendant several centuries down the

Line a historical irony is that The intuned Descendant is Arthur Judah at one point the heir to the throne of England as had Arthur Duke of Britany had be it’s ironic King John shares his resting place near an Arthur and in another twist having Arthur chuda in

Tuned at Worcester may have saved King John’s own tomb from destruction by the dissolution of the monasteries enacted by King Henry VII Prince Arthur’s younger brother it seems even in death King John encounters tremendous luck and terrible bad luck when we first started this series we looked at King John’s

Reputation during different time periods and examine what the people of those periods said about King John during his life and after his death there were hardly any contemporary chroniclers that spoke highly of King John the anonymous of bethon mentions King JN being a good host it didn’t help that some of the

Chroniclers of King John’s time were members of the clergy meaning they certainly had a bias towards him although some did work with King John directly such as Gerald of Wales Gerald experienced King Jon’s vile personality firsthand but as we move along the timeline into chuda England King John’s

Leg Legacy was used to portray as a sort of hero fighting the evil pope this is when England broke away from the Catholic church under Henry VII and John was used as an unlikely hero given he was the first English Monarch to be excommunicated by the Catholic church

And was forced to capitulate towards the pope as we move forward in time into the Victorian age John’s reputation and Legacy come under renewed Focus due to British nationalism and imperialism with Victorian historians focusing on Jon’s loss of French lands in 124 giving England the means to develop its own

Identity and Forge its National Destiny according to Victorian historians for our time the question is what do we do with King John’s Legacy and reputation ation he still is and forever will be bad King John